"研磨" meaning in All languages combined

See 研磨 on Wiktionary

Verb [Chinese]

IPA: /jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/, /ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/ Chinese transliterations: yánmó [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄛˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ngaan⁴ mo⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], yánmó [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], yánmó [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], yen²-mo² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], yán-mwó [Mandarin, Yale], yanmo [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], яньмо [Mandarin, Palladius], janʹmo [Mandarin, Palladius], ngàahn mòh [Cantonese, Yale], ngaan⁴ mo⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ngan⁴ mo⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization]
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 研磨
  1. to grind
    Sense id: en-研磨-zh-verb-Z7eRVPPd
  2. to polish
    Sense id: en-研磨-zh-verb-VEfMihI3 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 43 57
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 研磨機 (yánmójī), 研磨机 (yánmójī)

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [kẽ̞mːa̠] Forms: 研磨 [canonical] (ruby: (けん), ()), kenma [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|けんま|hhira=}} 研(けん)磨(ま) • (kenma)
  1. grinding, polishing
    Sense id: en-研磨-ja-noun-FDut1xTM Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 29 31 13 28 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 34 16 30
  2. improving one's skill
    Sense id: en-研磨-ja-noun-SgMpBaQO Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 29 31 13 28 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 34 16 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 研磨機 (kenmaki) (ruby: (けん), (), ()) Related terms: 研ぐ (togu), 磨く (migaku)

Verb [Japanese]

IPA: [kẽ̞mːa̠]
Forms: 研磨する [canonical] (ruby: (けん), ()), kenma suru [romanization], 研磨し [stem] (ruby: (けん), ()), 研磨した [past] (ruby: (けん), ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 研磨し [error-unrecognized-form], けんまし [error-unrecognized-form], kenma shi [error-unrecognized-form], 研磨する [error-unrecognized-form], けんまする [error-unrecognized-form], kenma suru [error-unrecognized-form], 研磨すれ [error-unrecognized-form], けんますれ [error-unrecognized-form], kenma sure [error-unrecognized-form], 研磨せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 研磨しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], けんませよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], けんましろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], kenma seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], kenma shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 研磨される [passive], けんまされる [passive], kenma sareru [passive], 研磨させる [causative], 研磨さす [causative], けんまさせる [causative], けんまさす [causative], kenma saseru [causative], kenma sasu [causative], 研磨できる [potential], けんまできる [potential], kenma dekiru [potential], 研磨しよう [volitional], けんましよう [volitional], kenma shiyō [volitional], 研磨しない [negative], けんましない [negative], kenma shinai [negative], 研磨せず [continuative, negative], けんませず [continuative, negative], kenma sezu [continuative, negative], 研磨します [formal], けんまします [formal], kenma shimasu [formal], 研磨した [perfective], けんました [perfective], kenma shita [perfective], 研磨して [conjunctive], けんまして [conjunctive], kenma shite [conjunctive], 研磨すれば [conditional, hypothetical], けんますれば [conditional, hypothetical], kenma sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to grind, to polish
    Sense id: en-研磨-ja-verb-mSSQybSO Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 29 31 13 28 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 34 16 30
  2. to improve one's skill
    Sense id: en-研磨-ja-verb-u~75wFBp Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 29 31 13 28 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 20 34 16 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 34 16 30

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for 研磨 meaning in All languages combined (10.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánmójī",
      "word": "研磨機"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánmójī",
      "word": "研磨机"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "研磨",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grind"
      ],
      "id": "en-研磨-zh-verb-Z7eRVPPd",
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to polish"
      ],
      "id": "en-研磨-zh-verb-VEfMihI3",
      "links": [
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yánmó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄛˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaan⁴ mo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yánmó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yánmó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yen²-mo²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán-mwó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yanmo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "яньмо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "janʹmo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàahn mòh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaan⁴ mo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngan⁴ mo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "研磨"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kenmaki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ],
        [
          "機",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "研磨機"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "研磨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "けんま",
        "hhira": ""
      },
      "expansion": "研(けん)磨(ま) • (kenma)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "togu",
      "word": "研ぐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "migaku",
      "word": "磨く"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 31 13 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grinding, polishing"
      ],
      "id": "en-研磨-ja-noun-FDut1xTM",
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 31 13 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "improving one's skill"
      ],
      "id": "en-研磨-ja-noun-SgMpBaQO",
      "links": [
        [
          "improving",
          "improve"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "けんま"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:研磨"
  ],
  "word": "研磨"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "研磨する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨し",
      "roman": "kenma shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨した",
      "roman": "kenma shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんましろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんましよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんましない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 31 13 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grind, to polish"
      ],
      "id": "en-研磨-ja-verb-mSSQybSO",
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 31 13 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 34 16 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to improve one's skill"
      ],
      "id": "en-研磨-ja-verb-u~75wFBp",
      "links": [
        [
          "improve",
          "improve"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "けんま"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:研磨"
  ],
  "word": "研磨"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "yánmójī",
      "word": "研磨機"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánmójī",
      "word": "研磨机"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "研磨",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to polish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yánmó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄛˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaan⁴ mo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yánmó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yánmó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yen²-mo²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán-mwó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yanmo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "яньмо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "janʹmo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàahn mòh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaan⁴ mo⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngan⁴ mo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "研磨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kenmaki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ],
        [
          "機",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "研磨機"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "研磨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "けんま",
        "hhira": ""
      },
      "expansion": "研(けん)磨(ま) • (kenma)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "togu",
      "word": "研ぐ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "migaku",
      "word": "磨く"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grinding, polishing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "improving one's skill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "improving",
          "improve"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "けんま"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:研磨"
  ],
  "word": "研磨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "研磨する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨し",
      "roman": "kenma shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨した",
      "roman": "kenma shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "研",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "磨",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんましろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんましよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんましない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんまして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "研磨すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "けんますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenma sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grind, to polish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to improve one's skill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "improve",
          "improve"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "けんま"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:研磨"
  ],
  "word": "研磨"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.