See 研磨 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kenmaki",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
],
[
"機",
"き"
]
],
"word": "研磨機"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "研磨",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "kenma",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けんま",
"hhira": ""
},
"expansion": "研(けん)磨(ま) • (kenma)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "togu",
"word": "研ぐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "migaku",
"word": "磨く"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 25 12 22 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 25 12 22 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 31 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 33 18 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grinding, polishing"
],
"id": "en-研磨-ja-noun-FDut1xTM",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 25 12 22 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 25 12 22 12 20",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 31 14 28",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 33 18 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"improving one's skill"
],
"id": "en-研磨-ja-noun-SgMpBaQO",
"links": [
[
"improving",
"improve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんま"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:研磨"
],
"word": "研磨"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "研磨する",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨し",
"roman": "kenma shi",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨した",
"roman": "kenma shita",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんますれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんませよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "けんましろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "けんましよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんましない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんませず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "けんました",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "けんますれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 25 12 22 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 25 12 22 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 31 14 28",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 33 18 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grind, to polish"
],
"id": "en-研磨-ja-verb-mSSQybSO",
"links": [
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"grind"
],
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"polish",
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]
]
},
{
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{
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{
"_dis": "9 25 12 22 12 20",
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},
{
"_dis": "27 31 14 28",
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 33 18 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 16 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to improve one's skill"
],
"id": "en-研磨-ja-verb-u~75wFBp",
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんま"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "研磨"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kenmaki",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
],
[
"機",
"き"
]
],
"word": "研磨機"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "研磨",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けんま",
"hhira": ""
},
"expansion": "研(けん)磨(ま) • (kenma)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "togu",
"word": "研ぐ"
},
{
"roman": "migaku",
"word": "磨く"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"grinding, polishing"
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"improving one's skill"
],
"links": [
[
"improving",
"improve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんま"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:研磨"
],
"word": "研磨"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "研磨する",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨し",
"roman": "kenma shi",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨した",
"roman": "kenma shita",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんますれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんませよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "けんましろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "けんましよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんましない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんませず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "けんました",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんまして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研磨すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "けんますれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenma sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grind, to polish"
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to improve one's skill"
],
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんま"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞mːa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:研磨"
],
"word": "研磨"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 研磨 meaning in Japanese (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"研磨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "研磨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"研磨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研磨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"研磨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研磨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"研磨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研磨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"研磨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研磨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"研磨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研磨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"研磨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研磨",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.