See 研ぐ on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ",
"roman": "togi",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだ",
"roman": "toida",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-gu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研が",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とが",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "toga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "togi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とげ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "toge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "とがれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "togareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "togaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "togasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研げる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "とげる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "togeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研ごう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "とごう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "togō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "研がない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "toganai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "togazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "togimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "といだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "toida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "研いで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "といで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研げば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "とげば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "togeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研が",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とが",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "togi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "とぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とげ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とげ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "togazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研げど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "とげど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "togedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "研げば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とげば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "togeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "とがば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "togaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "togiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "togikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "togitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "toginu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研げり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とげり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "togeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "togitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研がむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "とがむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "togamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ [togi]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ [togu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いで [toide]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がないで [toganai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなくて [toganakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がない [toganai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎます [togimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎません [togimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだ [toida]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなかった [toganakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎました [togimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎませんでした [togimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれ [togare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれる [togareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれない [togarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれます [togaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれません [togaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれた [togareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれなかった [togarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれました [togaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれませんでした [togaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせ [togase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせる [togaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 研がす [togasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせない [togasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせます [togasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせません [togasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせた [togaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせなかった [togasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせました [togasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせませんでした [togasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ [toge]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げる [togeru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げない [togenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げます [togemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げません [togemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げた [togeta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げなかった [togenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げました [togemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げませんでした [togemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ [toge]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでください [toide kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がないでください [toganai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎなさい [toginasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐな [togu na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ごう [togō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎましょう [togimashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研げば [togeba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなければ [toganakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 研がなきゃ [toganakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだら [toidara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなかったら [toganakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "standard: 研がせられ [togaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 研がされ [togasare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられる [togaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされる [togasareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられない [togaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされない [togasarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられます [togaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされます [togasaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられません [togaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされません [togasaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられた [togaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされた [togasareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられなかった [togaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされなかった [togasarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられました [togaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされました [togasaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられませんでした [togaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされませんでした [togasaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎたい [togitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎたくない [togitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいる [toide iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 研いでる [toideru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいない [toide inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 研いでない [toidenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいます [toide imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいません [toide imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいた [toide ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいなかった [toide inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいました [toide imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいませんでした [toide imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研がぬ [toganu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がん [togan]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず [togazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず [togazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだり [toidari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぐ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "研(と)ぐ • (togu) transitive godan (stem 研(と)ぎ (togi), past 研(と)いだ (toida))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "と",
"2": "4-g"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "と",
"2": "ぐ"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sharpen, whet an ax or knife"
],
"id": "en-研ぐ-ja-verb-dMY7sHGO",
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
[
"whet",
"whet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wash rice"
],
"id": "en-研ぐ-ja-verb-rv2Hb7F3",
"links": [
[
"wash",
"wash"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 27 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -gu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 17 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"polish, clean a surface"
],
"id": "en-研ぐ-ja-verb-xGrBV1YK",
"links": [
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぐ"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ɡɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "研ぐ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -gu",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ",
"roman": "togi",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだ",
"roman": "toida",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-gu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研が",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とが",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "toga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "togi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とげ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "toge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "とがれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "togareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "togaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "togasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研げる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "とげる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "togeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研ごう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "とごう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "togō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "研がない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "toganai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "togazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "togimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "といだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "toida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "研いで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "といで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研げば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "とげば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "togeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研が",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とが",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "togi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "とぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とぐ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "togu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とげ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とげ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とがず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "togazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研げど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "とげど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "togedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "研げば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とげば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "togeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "とがば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "togaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "togiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "togikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "togitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "toginu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研げり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とげり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "とぎたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "togeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "togitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "研がむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "とがむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "togamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎ [togi]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐ [togu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いで [toide]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がないで [toganai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなくて [toganakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がない [toganai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎます [togimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎません [togimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだ [toida]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなかった [toganakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎました [togimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎませんでした [togimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれ [togare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれる [togareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれない [togarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれます [togaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれません [togaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれた [togareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれなかった [togarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれました [togaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がれませんでした [togaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせ [togase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせる [togaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 研がす [togasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせない [togasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせます [togasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせません [togasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせた [togaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせなかった [togasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせました [togasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせませんでした [togasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ [toge]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げる [togeru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げない [togenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げます [togemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げません [togemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げた [togeta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げなかった [togenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げました [togemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げませんでした [togemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研げ [toge]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでください [toide kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がないでください [toganai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎなさい [toginasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぐな [togu na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ごう [togō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎましょう [togimashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研げば [togeba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなければ [toganakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 研がなきゃ [toganakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだら [toidara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がなかったら [toganakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "standard: 研がせられ [togaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 研がされ [togasare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられる [togaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされる [togasareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられない [togaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされない [togasarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられます [togaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされます [togasaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられません [togaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされません [togasaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられた [togaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされた [togasareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられなかった [togaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされなかった [togasarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられました [togaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされました [togasaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がせられませんでした [togaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がされませんでした [togasaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎたい [togitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研ぎたくない [togitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいる [toide iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 研いでる [toideru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいない [toide inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 研いでない [toidenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいます [toide imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいません [toide imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいた [toide ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいなかった [toide inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいました [toide imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いでいませんでした [toide imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研がぬ [toganu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がん [togan]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず [togazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研がず [togazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研いだり [toidari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とぐ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "研(と)ぐ • (togu) transitive godan (stem 研(と)ぎ (togi), past 研(と)いだ (toida))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "と",
"2": "4-g"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "と",
"2": "ぐ"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharpen, whet an ax or knife"
],
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
[
"whet",
"whet"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wash rice"
],
"links": [
[
"wash",
"wash"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"polish, clean a surface"
],
"links": [
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とぐ"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ɡɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "研ぐ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 研ぐ meaning in All languages combined (19.4kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative form\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive form\")'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'conjunctive'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'polite'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'passive', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'causative'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'potential'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei / Firm instruction'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite request'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-nasai form'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Prohibitive / Do not 〜'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'imperative', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Hypothetical / Provisional'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-tara form'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'conditional', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'desiderative'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 研ぐ/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'desiderative'}",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic or classical negative'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic attributive negative'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Colloquial or dialectal -ん negative'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '(〜に): without 〜ing'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Representative / Listing examples'",
"path": [
"研ぐ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研ぐ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.