See shorten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extend"
},
{
"word": "lengthen"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shorten down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shorten up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "shortnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shortnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "short",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "short + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schorten",
"t": "to make short, shorten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schorten (“to make short, shorten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċortian",
"t": "to become short"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċortian (“to become short”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skurtōną",
"t": "to shorten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skurtōną (“to shorten”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English shortnen, schortenen, equivalent to short + -en (verbal suffix). In some senses, a continuation (in altered form) of Middle English schorten (“to make short, shorten”), from Old English sċortian (“to become short”), from Proto-Germanic *skurtōną (“to shorten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shortens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shortened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shortened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shorten (third-person singular simple present shortens, present participle shortening, simple past and past participle shortened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1877], Anna Sewell, “Earlshall”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 105:",
"text": "York came round to our heads and shortened the rein himself, one hole I think; every little makes a difference, be it for better or worse, and that day we had a steep hill to go up.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make shorter; to abbreviate."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-xPTB0qqf",
"links": [
[
"shorter",
"shorter"
],
[
"abbreviate",
"abbreviate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make shorter; to abbreviate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qaṣṣara",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "قَصَّرَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "karčacʻnel",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "կարճացնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "shcurtedz"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "suti kora",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "চুটি কৰা"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "as",
"english": "vertical",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "sapor kora",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "চাপৰ কৰা"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaračácʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скарача́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaracícʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скараці́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "berraat"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скъсявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "escurçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nòng duǎn",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "弄短"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zkracovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zkrátit"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "mallongigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "lyhentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "raccourcir"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "écourter"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurtâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "acurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šemoḳleba",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "შემოკლება"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šeḳveca",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "შეკვეცა"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "verkürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gamaurgjan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "symptýsso",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "συμπτύσσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "brakhúnō",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "βραχύνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kitsér",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "קיצר"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "kurtigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "accorciarescorciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"alt": "ちぢめる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chijimeru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "縮める"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"alt": "みじかくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mijikaku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "短くする"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"alt": "たんしゅくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "短縮する"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qysqartu",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "қысқарту"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurter"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "curtō"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "breviō"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviō"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "īsināt"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "paīsināt"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "saīsināt"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krati",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "крати"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kusi",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "куси"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skratuva",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скратува"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skusuva",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скусува"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tukupoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tāpoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "poro"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tauporo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tīporo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "accourchi"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skracać"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skrócić"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurta"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukoráčivatʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укора́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukorotítʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укороти́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraich"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "skratiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скратити"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "accurzari"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "acortar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "reducir"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "syatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "förkorta"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skoróčuvaty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скоро́чувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorotýty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скороти́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "byrhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 13 6 7 1 8 0 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "cwtogi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become shorter."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-SoBQcnGJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become shorter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "suti hüa",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "চুটি হোৱা"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "as",
"english": "vertical",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "sapor hüa",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "চাপৰ হোৱা"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "berraat"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam se",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "скъсявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "escurçar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asqualoga",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "ᎠᏍᏆᎶᎦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "縮短"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōduǎn",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "缩短"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "lyhetä"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "lyhentyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "raccourcir"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "s’écourter"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "acurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "kürzer werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "kurteskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"alt": "ちぢむ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chidimu",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "縮む"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"alt": "みじかくなる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mijikaku naru",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "短くなる"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukoráčivatʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укора́чиваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukorotítʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укороти́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "skratiti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "accurzàrisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "strincìrisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "acortarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 1 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "kortna"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “Aeneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Spoiled of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make deficient (as to); to deprive (of)."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-hQVzWmTC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make deficient (as to); to deprive (of)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, etc."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-~828bRbI",
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"friable",
"friable"
],
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
],
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"lard",
"lard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to shorten an allowance of food"
},
{
"ref": "1699, John Dryden, Dedication to His Grace the Duke of Ormond:",
"text": "Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1858, George Borrow, The Romany Rye, volume 2, page 128:",
"text": "My grandfather, as I said before, was connected with a gang of shorters, and sometimes shortened money, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-gIY9Y-5y",
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"lessen",
"lessen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baking",
"orig": "en:Baking",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1894, Helen M. Laughlin, The Journal of Agriculture Cook Book, Journal of Agriculture Co., page 212:",
"text": "Corn flour makes delicious pie crust, and needs less lard to shorten it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make crumbly."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-ev93GG-n",
"links": [
[
"baking",
"baking#Noun"
],
[
"crumbly",
"crumbly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baking, of pastries, transitive) To make crumbly."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of pastries"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"baking",
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take in the slack of (a rope)."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-k8gDMSVG",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"slack",
"slack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, transitive) To take in the slack of (a rope)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 5 5 7 10 9 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 8 8 10 13 13 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 8 8 10 10 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 6 7 8 9 10 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 7 6 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 9 8 14 13 10 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 12 7 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 12 11 7 13 7 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 8 12 9 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 13 9 7 14 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 9 7 16 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 12 7 15 8 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 13 9 7 13 8 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 7 7 7 12 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 9 9 19 11 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 11 10 8 17 8 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 8 12 9 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 10 6 17 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 9 8 13 9 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 12 8 15 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 6 6 11 8 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 10 7 15 8 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 7 7 12 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 7 7 12 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 13 9 7 14 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 14 6 6 10 8 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ladin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 7 7 12 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 13 9 7 14 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 13 9 7 14 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 7 7 11 11 11 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 11 8 6 12 12 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 8 10 8 14 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 12 8 7 17 7 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 7 7 12 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 10 8 15 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 13 9 7 13 8 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 7 10 9 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 2 5 2 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 10 8 15 8 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 10 8 15 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 8 9 12 11 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce (sail) by taking it in."
],
"id": "en-shorten-en-verb-1kLsr~bR",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, transitive) To reduce (sail) by taking it in."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɔːtən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɔɹtən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shorten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)tən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "abbreviate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "abridge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "chop down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "chop off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "compress"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "condense"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "curt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "curtail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "lop off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "make shorter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "pare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "prune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "reduce in length"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "shorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "trim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "truncate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "saw off"
}
],
"word": "shorten"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extend"
},
{
"word": "lengthen"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Norman translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)tən",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)tən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "shorten down"
},
{
"word": "shorten up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "shortnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shortnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "short",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "short + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schorten",
"t": "to make short, shorten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schorten (“to make short, shorten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċortian",
"t": "to become short"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċortian (“to become short”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skurtōną",
"t": "to shorten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skurtōną (“to shorten”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English shortnen, schortenen, equivalent to short + -en (verbal suffix). In some senses, a continuation (in altered form) of Middle English schorten (“to make short, shorten”), from Old English sċortian (“to become short”), from Proto-Germanic *skurtōną (“to shorten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shortens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shortened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shortened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shorten (third-person singular simple present shortens, present participle shortening, simple past and past participle shortened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1877], Anna Sewell, “Earlshall”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 105:",
"text": "York came round to our heads and shortened the rein himself, one hole I think; every little makes a difference, be it for better or worse, and that day we had a steep hill to go up.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make shorter; to abbreviate."
],
"links": [
[
"shorter",
"shorter"
],
[
"abbreviate",
"abbreviate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make shorter; to abbreviate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become shorter."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become shorter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “Aeneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Spoiled of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make deficient (as to); to deprive (of)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make deficient (as to); to deprive (of)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"friable",
"friable"
],
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
],
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"lard",
"lard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to shorten an allowance of food"
},
{
"ref": "1699, John Dryden, Dedication to His Grace the Duke of Ormond:",
"text": "Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1858, George Borrow, The Romany Rye, volume 2, page 128:",
"text": "My grandfather, as I said before, was connected with a gang of shorters, and sometimes shortened money, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen."
],
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"lessen",
"lessen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Baking"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1894, Helen M. Laughlin, The Journal of Agriculture Cook Book, Journal of Agriculture Co., page 212:",
"text": "Corn flour makes delicious pie crust, and needs less lard to shorten it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make crumbly."
],
"links": [
[
"baking",
"baking#Noun"
],
[
"crumbly",
"crumbly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baking, of pastries, transitive) To make crumbly."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of pastries"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"baking",
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To take in the slack of (a rope)."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"slack",
"slack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, transitive) To take in the slack of (a rope)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce (sail) by taking it in."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, transitive) To reduce (sail) by taking it in."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɔːtən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɔɹtən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shorten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shorten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)tən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "abbreviate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "abridge"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "chop down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "chop off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "compress"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "condense"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "curt"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "curtail"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "lop off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "make shorter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "pare"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "prune"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "reduce in length"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "shorten"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "trim"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "truncate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:shorten",
"word": "saw off"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qaṣṣara",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "قَصَّرَ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "karčacʻnel",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "կարճացնել"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "shcurtedz"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "suti kora",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "চুটি কৰা"
},
{
"code": "as",
"english": "vertical",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "sapor kora",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "চাপৰ কৰা"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaračácʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скарача́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaracícʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скараці́ць"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "berraat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скъсявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "escurçar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nòng duǎn",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "弄短"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zkracovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zkrátit"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "mallongigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "lyhentää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "raccourcir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "écourter"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurtâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "acurtar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šemoḳleba",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "შემოკლება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šeḳveca",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "შეკვეცა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "verkürzen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gamaurgjan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "symptýsso",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "συμπτύσσω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "brakhúnō",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "βραχύνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kitsér",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "קיצר"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "kurtigar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "accorciarescorciare"
},
{
"alt": "ちぢめる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chijimeru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "縮める"
},
{
"alt": "みじかくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mijikaku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "短くする"
},
{
"alt": "たんしゅくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "短縮する"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qysqartu",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "қысқарту"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurter"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "curtō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "breviō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "īsināt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "paīsināt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "saīsināt"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krati",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "крати"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kusi",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "куси"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skratuva",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скратува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skusuva",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скусува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tukupoto"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tāpoto"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "poro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tauporo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "tīporo"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "accourchi"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skracać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skrócić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukoráčivatʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укора́чивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukorotítʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укороти́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ть"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraich"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "skratiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скратити"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "accurzari"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "acortar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "reducir"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "syatu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "förkorta"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skoróčuvaty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скоро́чувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorotýty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скороти́ти"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "byrhau"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "cwtogi"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "suti hüa",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "চুটি হোৱা"
},
{
"code": "as",
"english": "vertical",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "sapor hüa",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "চাপৰ হোৱা"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "berraat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam se",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "скъсявам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "escurçar-se"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asqualoga",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "ᎠᏍᏆᎶᎦ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "縮短"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōduǎn",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "缩短"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "lyhetä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "lyhentyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "raccourcir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "s’écourter"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "acurtar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "kürzer werden"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "kurteskar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"alt": "ちぢむ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chidimu",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "縮む"
},
{
"alt": "みじかくなる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mijikaku naru",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "短くなる"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukoráčivatʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укора́чиваться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukorotítʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укороти́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹsja",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ться"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "skratiti se"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "accurzàrisi"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "strincìrisi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "acortarse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become shorter",
"word": "kortna"
}
],
"word": "shorten"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shorten meaning in English (19.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.