See shortening in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shortening time"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vegetable shortening"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "shortenings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shortening (countable and uncountable, plural shortenings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "en:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 47 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 31 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 43 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 48 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 28 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 32 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 28 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 32 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 28 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 28 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 21 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fats and oils",
"orig": "en:Fats and oils",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"id": "en-shortening-en-noun-NppqAR7U",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"Fat",
"fat"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"room temperature",
"room temperature"
],
[
"hydrogenate",
"hydrogenate"
],
[
"vegetable oil",
"vegetable oil"
],
[
"shortcrust",
"shortcrust"
],
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
],
[
"deep fat fry",
"deep fat fry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, cooking) Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "leivontarasva"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graisse alimentaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflanzenfett"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Backfett"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "margarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "főzőmargarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "növényi zsír/zsiradék"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "no equivalent term in Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "but see fast matfett"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bakfets",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "באַקפֿעטס"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "geshmilts",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "געשמילץ"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extension"
},
{
"word": "lengthening"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 47 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 43 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 48 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length",
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verbal noun of shorten: the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length."
],
"id": "en-shortening-en-noun-Hid6t~E~",
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
],
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"length",
"length"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"form-of",
"noun-from-verb",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скъсяване"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съкращаване"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escurçada"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escurçament"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyheneminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyhentäminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raccourcissement"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "raccourcissements"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verkürzung"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schrumpfung"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Verkürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schrumpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Stauchung"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stauchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kürzung"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vráchynsi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βράχυνση"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sýmptyxi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σύμπτυξη"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóntema",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόντεμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidítés"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidülés"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accorciatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "短縮"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mohan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "मोहन"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forkortning"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbreviasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encurtamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščénije",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сокраще́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acortamiento"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förkortning"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "shortening",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of shorten"
],
"id": "en-shortening-en-verb-vPaIQ1Ak",
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Fats and oils"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "shortening time"
},
{
"word": "vegetable shortening"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "shortenings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shortening (countable and uncountable, plural shortenings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"en:Cooking"
],
"glosses": [
"Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"Fat",
"fat"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"room temperature",
"room temperature"
],
[
"hydrogenate",
"hydrogenate"
],
[
"vegetable oil",
"vegetable oil"
],
[
"shortcrust",
"shortcrust"
],
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
],
[
"deep fat fry",
"deep fat fry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, cooking) Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extension"
},
{
"word": "lengthening"
}
],
"categories": [
"English verbal nouns"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length",
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verbal noun of shorten: the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length."
],
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
],
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"length",
"length"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"form-of",
"noun-from-verb",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "leivontarasva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graisse alimentaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflanzenfett"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Backfett"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "margarin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "főzőmargarin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "növényi zsír/zsiradék"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "no equivalent term in Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "but see fast matfett"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bakfets",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "באַקפֿעטס"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "geshmilts",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "געשמילץ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скъсяване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съкращаване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escurçada"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escurçament"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyheneminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyhentäminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raccourcissement"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "raccourcissements"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verkürzung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schrumpfung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Verkürzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schrumpfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Stauchung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stauchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kürzung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kürzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vráchynsi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βράχυνση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sýmptyxi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σύμπτυξη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóntema",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόντεμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidítés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidülés"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accorciatura"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "短縮"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mohan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "मोहन"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forkortning"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbreviasjon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encurtamento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščénije",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сокраще́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acortamiento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förkortning"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Fats and oils"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "shortening",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of shorten"
],
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shortening meaning in English (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.