See shortening on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for shortening meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vegetable shortening"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "shortenings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shortening (countable and uncountable, plural shortenings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "en:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "39 28 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 31 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 17 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fats and oils",
"orig": "en:Fats and oils",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"id": "en-shortening-en-noun-NppqAR7U",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"Fat",
"fat"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"room temperature",
"room temperature"
],
[
"hydrogenate",
"hydrogenate"
],
[
"vegetable oil",
"vegetable oil"
],
[
"shortcrust",
"shortcrust"
],
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
],
[
"deep fat fry",
"deep fat fry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, cooking) Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "leivontarasva"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graisse alimentaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflanzenfett"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Backfett"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "margarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "főzőmargarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "növényi zsír/zsiradék"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bakfets",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "באַקפֿעטס"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "geshmilts",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "געשמילץ"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extension"
},
{
"word": "lengthening"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 28 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length",
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verbal noun of shorten: the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length."
],
"id": "en-shortening-en-noun-Hid6t~E~",
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
],
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"length",
"length"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"form-of",
"noun-from-verb",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скъсяване"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съкращаване"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escurçada"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escurçament"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyheneminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyhentäminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raccourcissement"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "raccourcissements"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vráchynsi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βράχυνση"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sýmptyxi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σύμπτυξη"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóntema",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόντεμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidítés"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidülés"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accorciatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "短縮"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mohan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "मोहन"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forkortning"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbreviasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encurtamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščénije",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сокраще́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acortamiento"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "shortening",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 28 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of shorten"
],
"id": "en-shortening-en-verb-vPaIQ1Ak",
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "shortening"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English shortening",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English shortening.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "shortening n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "shorteningelor",
"gpi": "shorteninge",
"gsd": "shorteningului",
"gsi": "shortening",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "shorteningele",
"npi": "shorteninge",
"nsd": "shorteningul",
"nsi": "shortening",
"vp": "shorteningelor",
"vs": "shorteningule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shortening"
],
"id": "en-shortening-ro-noun-TW~PL1S3",
"links": [
[
"shortening",
"shortening#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"en:Fats and oils"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vegetable shortening"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "shortenings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shortening (countable and uncountable, plural shortenings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"en:Cooking"
],
"glosses": [
"Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"Fat",
"fat"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"room temperature",
"room temperature"
],
[
"hydrogenate",
"hydrogenate"
],
[
"vegetable oil",
"vegetable oil"
],
[
"shortcrust",
"shortcrust"
],
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
],
[
"deep fat fry",
"deep fat fry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, cooking) Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "extension"
},
{
"word": "lengthening"
}
],
"categories": [
"English verbal nouns"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length",
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verbal noun of shorten: the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length."
],
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
],
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
],
[
"length",
"length"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"form-of",
"noun-from-verb",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "leivontarasva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graisse alimentaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflanzenfett"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Backfett"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "margarin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "főzőmargarin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "növényi zsír/zsiradék"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bakfets",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "באַקפֿעטס"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "geshmilts",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "געשמילץ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скъсяване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съкращаване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escurçada"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escurçament"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyheneminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyhentäminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raccourcissement"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "raccourcissements"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vráchynsi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βράχυνση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sýmptyxi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σύμπτυξη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóntema",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόντεμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidítés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidülés"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accorciatura"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "短縮"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mohan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "मोहन"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forkortning"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbreviasjon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encurtamento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščénije",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сокраще́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acortamiento"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"en:Fats and oils"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "shortening",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of shorten"
],
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "shortening"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English shortening",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English shortening.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "shortening n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "shorteningelor",
"gpi": "shorteninge",
"gsd": "shorteningului",
"gsi": "shortening",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "shorteningele",
"npi": "shorteninge",
"nsd": "shorteningul",
"nsi": "shortening",
"vp": "shorteningelor",
"vs": "shorteningule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"shortening"
],
"links": [
[
"shortening",
"shortening#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Romanian]; cleaned text: n gender",
"path": [
"shortening"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "shortening",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.