See shortening on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shortening time"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vegetable shortening"
}
],
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"form": "shortenings",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
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"Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
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"Fat",
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"solid",
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"room temperature",
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[
"hydrogenate",
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],
"tags": [
"US",
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],
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{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "leivontarasva"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graisse alimentaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflanzenfett"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Backfett"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "margarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "főzőmargarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "növényi zsír/zsiradék"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "no equivalent term in Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "but see fast matfett"
},
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"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bakfets",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "באַקפֿעטס"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "geshmilts",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "געשמילץ"
}
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"word": "extension"
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"word": "lengthening"
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{
"extra": "the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length",
"word": "shorten"
}
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"verbal noun of shorten: the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length."
],
"id": "en-shortening-en-noun-Hid6t~E~",
"links": [
[
"shorten",
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],
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
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[
"length",
"length"
]
],
"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скъсяване"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escurçada"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escurçament"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyheneminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyhentäminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raccourcissement"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "raccourcissements"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verkürzung"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schrumpfung"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
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"tags": [
"neuter"
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{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Stauchung"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stauchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
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{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "el",
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"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βράχυνση"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "el",
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"roman": "sýmptyxi",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σύμπτυξη"
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{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "el",
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"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόντεμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidítés"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidülés"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accorciatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "短縮"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mohan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "मोहन"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "forkortning"
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{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbreviasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "pt",
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"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encurtamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščénije",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сокраще́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acortamiento"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förkortning"
}
]
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],
"links": [
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[
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"(US, cooking) Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying."
],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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{
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"word": "extension"
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{
"word": "lengthening"
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{
"extra": "the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length",
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"verbal noun of shorten: the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length."
],
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[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
],
[
"reduction",
"reduction"
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[
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"length"
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "leivontarasva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graisse alimentaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflanzenfett"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid fat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Backfett"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "margarin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "főzőmargarin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "növényi zsír/zsiradék"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "no equivalent term in Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "but see fast matfett"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bakfets",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "באַקפֿעטס"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "geshmilts",
"sense": "solid fat",
"word": "געשמילץ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скъсяване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavane",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съкращаване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escurçada"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escurçament"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyheneminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "lyhentäminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raccourcissement"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "raccourcissements"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verkürzung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schrumpfung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Verkürzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schrumpfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Stauchung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stauchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kürzung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kürzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vráchynsi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βράχυνση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sýmptyxi",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σύμπτυξη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóntema",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόντεμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidítés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "rövidülés"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accorciatura"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "短縮"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mohan",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"word": "मोहन"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forkortning"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbreviasjon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encurtamento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščénije",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сокраще́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acortamiento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reduction in length",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förkortning"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Fats and oils"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "shortening",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of shorten"
],
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shortening"
],
"word": "shortening"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "shortening"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English shortening",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English shortening.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "shortening",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shorteningule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "shortening n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "shorteningelor",
"gpi": "shorteninge",
"gsd": "shorteningului",
"gsi": "shortening",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "shorteningele",
"npi": "shorteninge",
"nsd": "shorteningul",
"nsi": "shortening",
"vp": "shorteningelor",
"vs": "shorteningule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"shortening"
],
"links": [
[
"shortening",
"shortening#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "shortening"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shortening meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"shortening"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "shortening",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.