See abbreviate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "amplify"
},
{
"word": "dilate"
},
{
"word": "elongate"
},
{
"word": "enlarge"
},
{
"word": "expand"
},
{
"word": "expatiate"
},
{
"word": "extend"
},
{
"word": "lengthen"
},
{
"word": "produce"
},
{
"word": "prolong"
},
{
"word": "stretch"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abbreviatable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abbreviately"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abbreviater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abbreviative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abbreviatory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unabbreviatable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unabbreviate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abbreviaten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abbreviaten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abbreviat",
"3": "-en",
"alt1": "abbreviat(e)",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "used as the participle of abbreviaten",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "abbreviated"
},
"expansion": "abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abbreviātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abbreviātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate",
"id1": "verb",
"pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abbreviation",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from abbreviation",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abridge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of abridge",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abbreviaten, from abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin abbreviātus, perfect passive participle of abbreviō (“to shorten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), formed from ab- + breviō (“to shorten”), from brevis (“short”). Alternatively, a back-formation from abbreviation. Doublet of abridge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abbreviates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abbreviating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abbreviated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abbreviated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abbreviate (third-person singular simple present abbreviates, present participle abbreviating, simple past and past participle abbreviated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abbreviation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abbreviator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Dispatch. XXV.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, pages 142–143:",
"text": "But it is one Thing, to Abbreuiate by Contracting, Another by Cutting off: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shorten by omitting parts or details."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-verb-e7rYhcuY",
"links": [
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To shorten by omitting parts or details."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To speak or write in a brief manner."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-verb-8mCapc5-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, intransitive) To speak or write in a brief manner."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 15 45 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 19 10 23 2 3 28 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 9 17 4 5 22 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 10 16 4 5 20 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 40 9 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 12 19 4 7 23 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 46 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 42 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 45 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 45 9 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 48 9 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 44 11 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 51 8 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 41 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 45 8 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 46 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 9 20 3 5 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 42 11 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 46 8 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 34 16 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 42 12 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 48 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 46 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 51 8 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 45 8 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 45 8 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 45 8 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 46 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 51 10 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 46 9 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 43 9 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 46 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 41 10 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 9 21 3 5 21 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 45 8 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 45 9 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 49 10 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 45 9 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 45 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 45 9 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 45 9 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 46 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 18 9 21 3 5 21 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 43 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 40 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-21:",
"text": "But as delivery schedules have dwindled into hours, even the gigantic warehouse full of stuff in a central place such as the triangle is proving insufficient. Now, companies also need smaller distribution centres around the country, to respond rapidly to orders and to abbreviate the last mile as much as possible.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-verb-NNSfOMsn",
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"shorten",
"shorten"
],
[
"abridge",
"abridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "shkurtoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔiḵtaṣara",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "إِخْتَصَرَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krčatel",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "կրճատել"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hapavel",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "հապավել"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaračácʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скарача́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaracícʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скараці́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скъсявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreujar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōxiě",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "缩写"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōlüè",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "缩略"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "berrhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zkracovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zkrátit"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "afkorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "verkorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "inkorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "mallongigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "lühendama"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "lyhentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abréger"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "kürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abkürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "syntomévo",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "συντομεύω"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "laghu karnā",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "लघु करना"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "skammstafa"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "stytta"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "mempersingkat"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "menyingkatkan"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "memendekkan"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviare"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chidimeru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "縮める"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryakusu",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "略す"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "短縮する"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōryaku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "省略する"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryakushō suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "略称する"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saengnyakhada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "생략(省略)하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yakhada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "약(略)하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yaksaenghada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "약생(略省)하다)"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "danchukhada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "단축(短縮)하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviō"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skratuva",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скратува"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "girree"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "aagherr"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "jean ny s'girrey"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "whakapoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "rap'tichi"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviere"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "مختصر کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skracać"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skrócić"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurta"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abrevia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraich"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "förkorta"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "aṭakku",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "அடக்கு"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "kısaltmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "ihtisar etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skoróčuvaty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скоро́чувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorotýty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скороти́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "brefükön"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "byrhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "cwtogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 1 82 6 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "talfyrru"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 9 34 16 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 42 12 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known by its abbreviated form BSE.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-verb-6epjYu7w",
"links": [
[
"contraction",
"contraction"
],
[
"omission",
"omission"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 9 17 4 5 22 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 10 16 4 5 20 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 40 9 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 9 20 3 5 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 34 16 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 42 12 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 9 21 3 5 21 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 18 9 21 3 5 21 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-verb-mIUqGTfa",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"fraction",
"fraction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, mathematics) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "simplify"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "versimpelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "kürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṅkṣiptakarnā",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "संक्षिप्तकरना"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "accorciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "simplifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "simplificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "förkorta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "saṅkṣēpiñcu",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "సంక్షేపించు"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "ước lược"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 8 25 60",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "rút gọn"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹiː.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-abbreviate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg/En-us-abbreviate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abridge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "compress"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "condense"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "contract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "curtail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "epitomize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reduce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"word": "abbreviate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abbreviat",
"4": "abbreviat(e)",
"pos": "used as the past participle of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">abbreviaten</i>",
"t": "abbreviated"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "subtsantivization",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
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"expansion": "adjective",
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"id1": "substantive",
"pos1": "noun forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ate (noun forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten); the noun is derived by subtsantivization from the adjective. See -ate (adjective forming suffix), -ate (noun forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more abbreviate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most abbreviate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
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}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"pos": "adj",
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{
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"glosses": [
"Abbreviated."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-adj-bIsU3U1S",
"links": [
[
"Abbreviated",
"abbreviated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, as a participle) Abbreviated."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a participle"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 19 10 23 2 3 28 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 10 16 4 5 20 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "5 21 12 19 4 7 23 4 5",
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{
"_dis": "5 19 9 20 3 5 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 9 21 3 5 21 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 18 9 21 3 5 21 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1871, John Earle, The Philology of the English Tongue:",
"text": "The curt form of gent as a less ceremonious substitute for the full expression of ‘gentleman,’ had once made considerable way, but its career was blighted in a court of justice. It is about twenty years ago that two young men, being brought before a London magistrate, described themselves as ‘gents.’ The magistrate said that he considered that a designation little better than ‘blackguard.’ The abbreviate form has never been able to recover that shock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviated, abridged, shortened."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-adj-WIC6tLf2",
"links": [
[
"Abbreviated",
"abbreviated"
],
[
"abridge",
"abridge"
],
[
"shorten",
"shorten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, as a participial adjective) Abbreviated, abridged, shortened."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a participial adjective"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 19 10 23 2 3 28 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 12 19 4 7 23 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-adj-WmgxetuD",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"shorter",
"shorter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 6 88",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: having one part relatively shorter",
"word": "lyhentynyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 88",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "biology: having one part relatively shorter",
"word": "tương đối ngắn"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbriviet/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "51 46 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abbreviated, abridged",
"word": "lyhennetty"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 46 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "abbreviated, abridged",
"word": "abreviado"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 46 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "abbreviated, abridged",
"word": "encurtado"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Modern English"
],
"word": "abbreviate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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"3": "abbreviat",
"4": "abbreviat(e)",
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"t": "abbreviated"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"id1": "substantive",
"pos1": "noun forming suffix"
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"expansion": "-ate (noun forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten); the noun is derived by subtsantivization from the adjective. See -ate (adjective forming suffix), -ate (noun forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abbreviates",
"tags": [
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"head_templates": [
{
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"expansion": "abbreviate (plural abbreviates)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
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{
"_dis": "3 19 10 23 2 3 28 6 7",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "5 14 10 16 4 5 20 6 20",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "5 20 10 32 4 5 18 3 4",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 18 9 21 3 5 21 4 13",
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"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abridgment."
],
"id": "en-abbreviate-en-noun-Qz7RL9K8",
"links": [
[
"abridgment",
"abridgment"
],
[
"The Dictionary of the Scots Language",
"w:Dictionary of the Scots Language"
],
[
"Scottish Language Dictionaries",
"w:Scottish Language Dictionaries"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Scotland) An abridgment."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbriviet/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Modern English"
],
"word": "abbreviate"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "amplify"
},
{
"word": "dilate"
},
{
"word": "elongate"
},
{
"word": "enlarge"
},
{
"word": "expand"
},
{
"word": "expatiate"
},
{
"word": "extend"
},
{
"word": "lengthen"
},
{
"word": "produce"
},
{
"word": "prolong"
},
{
"word": "stretch"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abbreviatable"
},
{
"word": "abbreviately"
},
{
"word": "abbreviater"
},
{
"word": "abbreviative"
},
{
"word": "abbreviatory"
},
{
"word": "unabbreviatable"
},
{
"word": "unabbreviate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abbreviaten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abbreviaten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abbreviat",
"3": "-en",
"alt1": "abbreviat(e)",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "used as the participle of abbreviaten",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "abbreviated"
},
"expansion": "abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abbreviātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abbreviātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate",
"id1": "verb",
"pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abbreviation",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from abbreviation",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abridge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of abridge",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abbreviaten, from abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin abbreviātus, perfect passive participle of abbreviō (“to shorten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), formed from ab- + breviō (“to shorten”), from brevis (“short”). Alternatively, a back-formation from abbreviation. Doublet of abridge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abbreviates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abbreviating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abbreviated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abbreviated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abbreviate (third-person singular simple present abbreviates, present participle abbreviating, simple past and past participle abbreviated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "abbreviation"
},
{
"word": "abbreviator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Dispatch. XXV.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, pages 142–143:",
"text": "But it is one Thing, to Abbreuiate by Contracting, Another by Cutting off: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shorten by omitting parts or details."
],
"links": [
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To shorten by omitting parts or details."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To speak or write in a brief manner."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, intransitive) To speak or write in a brief manner."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-21:",
"text": "But as delivery schedules have dwindled into hours, even the gigantic warehouse full of stuff in a central place such as the triangle is proving insufficient. Now, companies also need smaller distribution centres around the country, to respond rapidly to orders and to abbreviate the last mile as much as possible.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned."
],
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"shorten",
"shorten"
],
[
"abridge",
"abridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known by its abbreviated form BSE.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form."
],
"links": [
[
"contraction",
"contraction"
],
[
"omission",
"omission"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"fraction",
"fraction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, mathematics) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "simplify"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹiː.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-abbreviate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg/En-us-abbreviate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abridge"
},
{
"word": "compress"
},
{
"word": "condense"
},
{
"word": "contract"
},
{
"word": "curtail"
},
{
"word": "epitomize"
},
{
"word": "reduce"
},
{
"word": "shorten"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "shkurtoj"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔiḵtaṣara",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "إِخْتَصَرَ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krčatel",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "կրճատել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hapavel",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "հապավել"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaračácʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скарача́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "skaracícʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скараці́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скъсявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreujar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōxiě",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "缩写"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōlüè",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "缩略"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "berrhe"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zkracovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zkrátit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "afkorten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "verkorten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "inkorten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "mallongigi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "lühendama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "lyhentää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abréger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "kürzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abkürzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "syntomévo",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "συντομεύω"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "laghu karnā",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "लघु करना"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "skammstafa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "stytta"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "mempersingkat"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "menyingkatkan"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "memendekkan"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chidimeru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "縮める"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryakusu",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "略す"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanshuku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "短縮する"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōryaku suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "省略する"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryakushō suru",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "略称する"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saengnyakhada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "생략(省略)하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yakhada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "약(略)하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yaksaenghada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "약생(略省)하다)"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "danchukhada",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "단축(短縮)하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviō"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skratuva",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "скратува"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "girree"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "aagherr"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giar"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "jean ny s'girrey"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "whakapoto"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "rap'tichi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abbreviere"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "مختصر کردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skracać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skrócić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "scurta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abrevia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹ",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ть"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "giorraich"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "förkorta"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "aṭakku",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "அடக்கு"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "kısaltmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "ihtisar etmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skoróčuvaty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скоро́чувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorotýty",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "скороти́ти"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "brefükön"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "byrhau"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "cwtogi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make shorter",
"word": "talfyrru"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "versimpelen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "kürzen"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṅkṣiptakarnā",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "संक्षिप्तकरना"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "accorciare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "simplifica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "simplificar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "förkorta"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "saṅkṣēpiñcu",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "సంక్షేపించు"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "ước lược"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to reduce to lower terms",
"word": "rút gọn"
}
],
"word": "abbreviate"
}
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"ref": "1871, John Earle, The Philology of the English Tongue:",
"text": "The curt form of gent as a less ceremonious substitute for the full expression of ‘gentleman,’ had once made considerable way, but its career was blighted in a court of justice. It is about twenty years ago that two young men, being brought before a London magistrate, described themselves as ‘gents.’ The magistrate said that he considered that a designation little better than ‘blackguard.’ The abbreviate form has never been able to recover that shock.",
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},
{
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{
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"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "abbreviated, abridged",
"word": "lyhennetty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "abbreviated, abridged",
"word": "abreviado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "abbreviated, abridged",
"word": "encurtado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: having one part relatively shorter",
"word": "lyhentynyt"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "biology: having one part relatively shorter",
"word": "tương đối ngắn"
}
],
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"Early Modern English"
],
"word": "abbreviate"
}
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Download raw JSONL data for abbreviate meaning in English (24.0kB)
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"section": "English",
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"title": "abbreviate",
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{
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"msg": "abbreviate/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"amplify\"}, {\"word\": \"dilate\"}, {\"word\": \"elongate\"}, {\"word\": \"enlarge\"}, {\"word\": \"expand\"}, {\"word\": \"expatiate\"}, {\"word\": \"extend\"}, {\"word\": \"lengthen\"}, {\"word\": \"produce\"}, {\"word\": \"prolong\"}, {\"word\": \"stretch\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English back-formations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English doublets\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cornish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abbreviatable\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviately\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviater\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviative\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviatory\"}, {\"word\": \"unabbreviatable\"}, {\"word\": \"unabbreviate\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abbreviaten\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abbreviaten\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"abbreviat\", \"3\": \"-en\", \"alt1\": \"abbreviat(e)\", \"id2\": \"infinitival\", \"nocat\": \"1\", \"pos1\": \"used as the participle of abbreviaten\", \"pos2\": \"verb-forming suffix\", \"t1\": \"abbreviated\"}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abbreviātus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin abbreviātus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"perfect\"}, \"expansion\": \"perfect\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"passive\"}, \"expansion\": \"passive\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"participle\"}, \"expansion\": \"participle\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"verb\", \"pos1\": \"verb-forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (verb-forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"abbreviation\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"back-formation from abbreviation\", \"name\": \"back-form\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"abridge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of abridge\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abbreviaten, from abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin abbreviātus, perfect passive participle of abbreviō (“to shorten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), formed from ab- + breviō (“to shorten”), from brevis (“short”). Alternatively, a back-formation from abbreviation. Doublet of abridge.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abbreviates\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abbreviating\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abbreviated\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abbreviated\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviate (third-person singular simple present abbreviates, present participle abbreviating, simple past and past participle abbreviated)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"abbreviation\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviator\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Dispatch. XXV.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, pages 142–143:\", \"text\": \"But it is one Thing, to Abbreuiate by Contracting, Another by Cutting off: […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To shorten by omitting parts or details.\"], \"links\": [[\"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles\", \"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary\"], [\"Oxford University Press\", \"w:Oxford University Press\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, transitive) To shorten by omitting parts or details.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"To speak or write in a brief manner.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, intransitive) To speak or write in a brief manner.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-21:\", \"text\": \"But as delivery schedules have dwindled into hours, even the gigantic warehouse full of stuff in a central place such as the triangle is proving insufficient. Now, companies also need smaller distribution centres around the country, to respond rapidly to orders and to abbreviate the last mile as much as possible.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned.\"], \"links\": [[\"short\", \"short\"], [\"shorten\", \"shorten\"], [\"abridge\", \"abridge\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known by its abbreviated form BSE.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form.\"], \"links\": [[\"contraction\", \"contraction\"], [\"omission\", \"omission\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\", \"en:Mathematics\"], \"glosses\": [\"To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.\"], \"links\": [[\"mathematics\", \"mathematics\"], [\"reduce\", \"reduce\"], [\"fraction\", \"fraction\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, mathematics) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"simplify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"topics\": [\"mathematics\", \"sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹiː.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-abbreviate.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg/En-us-abbreviate.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abridge\"}, {\"word\": \"compress\"}, {\"word\": \"condense\"}, {\"word\": \"contract\"}, {\"word\": \"curtail\"}, {\"word\": \"epitomize\"}, {\"word\": \"reduce\"}, {\"word\": \"shorten\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"shkurtoj\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔiḵtaṣara\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"إِخْتَصَرَ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"krčatel\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"կրճատել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hapavel\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"հապավել\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"skaračácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скарача́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"skaracícʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"скараці́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sǎkraštavam\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"съкращавам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"skǎsjavam\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"скъсявам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreujar\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"suōxiě\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"缩写\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"suōlüè\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"缩略\"}, {\"code\": \"kw\", \"lang\": \"Cornish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"berrhe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zkracovat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zkrátit\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"forkorte\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"afkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"verkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"inkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"mallongigi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"lühendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"lyhentää\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abréger\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"kürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abkürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"syntomévo\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"συντομεύω\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"laghu karnā\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"लघु करना\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"skammstafa\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"stytta\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"mempersingkat\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"menyingkatkan\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"memendekkan\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"giorraigh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chidimeru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"縮める\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ryakusu\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"略す\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tanshuku suru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"短縮する\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shōryaku suru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"省略する\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ryakushō suru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"略称する\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengnyakhada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"생략(省略)하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yakhada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"약(略)하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yaksaenghada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"약생(略省)하다)\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"danchukhada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"단축(短縮)하다\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviō\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"skratuva\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"скратува\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"girree\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"aagherr\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"giar\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"jean ny s'girrey\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"whakapoto\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"rap'tichi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviere\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"forkorte\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"مختصر کردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"skracać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skrócić\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"encurtar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"scurta\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abrevia\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sokraščátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"сокраща́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sokratítʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"сократи́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"giorraich\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"förkorta\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"aṭakku\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"அடக்கு\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"kısaltmak\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"ihtisar etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"skoróčuvaty\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скоро́чувати\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"skorotýty\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"скороти́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"brefükön\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"byrhau\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"cwtogi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"talfyrru\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sǎkraštavam\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"съкращавам\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"versimpelen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"kürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"saṅkṣiptakarnā\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"संक्षिप्तकरना\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"accorciare\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"simplifica\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"simplificar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"förkorta\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"saṅkṣēpiñcu\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"సంక్షేపించు\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"ước lược\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"rút gọn\"}], \"word\": \"abbreviate\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "abbreviate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abbreviate/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"amplify\"}, {\"word\": \"dilate\"}, {\"word\": \"elongate\"}, {\"word\": \"enlarge\"}, {\"word\": \"expand\"}, {\"word\": \"expatiate\"}, {\"word\": \"extend\"}, {\"word\": \"lengthen\"}, {\"word\": \"produce\"}, {\"word\": \"prolong\"}, {\"word\": \"stretch\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English back-formations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English doublets\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cornish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abbreviatable\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviately\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviater\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviative\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviatory\"}, {\"word\": \"unabbreviatable\"}, {\"word\": \"unabbreviate\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abbreviaten\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abbreviaten\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"abbreviat\", \"3\": \"-en\", \"alt1\": \"abbreviat(e)\", \"id2\": \"infinitival\", \"nocat\": \"1\", \"pos1\": \"used as the participle of abbreviaten\", \"pos2\": \"verb-forming suffix\", \"t1\": \"abbreviated\"}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abbreviātus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin abbreviātus\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"perfect\"}, \"expansion\": \"perfect\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"passive\"}, \"expansion\": \"passive\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"participle\"}, \"expansion\": \"participle\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"verb\", \"pos1\": \"verb-forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (verb-forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"abbreviation\", \"nocap\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"back-formation from abbreviation\", \"name\": \"back-form\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"abridge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of abridge\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abbreviaten, from abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin abbreviātus, perfect passive participle of abbreviō (“to shorten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), formed from ab- + breviō (“to shorten”), from brevis (“short”). Alternatively, a back-formation from abbreviation. Doublet of abridge.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abbreviates\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abbreviating\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abbreviated\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abbreviated\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviate (third-person singular simple present abbreviates, present participle abbreviating, simple past and past participle abbreviated)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"abbreviation\"}, {\"word\": \"abbreviator\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Dispatch. XXV.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, pages 142–143:\", \"text\": \"But it is one Thing, to Abbreuiate by Contracting, Another by Cutting off: […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To shorten by omitting parts or details.\"], \"links\": [[\"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles\", \"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary\"], [\"Oxford University Press\", \"w:Oxford University Press\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, transitive) To shorten by omitting parts or details.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"To speak or write in a brief manner.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, intransitive) To speak or write in a brief manner.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-21:\", \"text\": \"But as delivery schedules have dwindled into hours, even the gigantic warehouse full of stuff in a central place such as the triangle is proving insufficient. Now, companies also need smaller distribution centres around the country, to respond rapidly to orders and to abbreviate the last mile as much as possible.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned.\"], \"links\": [[\"short\", \"short\"], [\"shorten\", \"shorten\"], [\"abridge\", \"abridge\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known by its abbreviated form BSE.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form.\"], \"links\": [[\"contraction\", \"contraction\"], [\"omission\", \"omission\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To reduce a word or phrase by means of contraction or omission to a shorter recognizable form.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\", \"en:Mathematics\"], \"glosses\": [\"To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.\"], \"links\": [[\"mathematics\", \"mathematics\"], [\"reduce\", \"reduce\"], [\"fraction\", \"fraction\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, mathematics) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"simplify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"topics\": [\"mathematics\", \"sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹiː.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-abbreviate.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg/En-us-abbreviate.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-abbreviate.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abridge\"}, {\"word\": \"compress\"}, {\"word\": \"condense\"}, {\"word\": \"contract\"}, {\"word\": \"curtail\"}, {\"word\": \"epitomize\"}, {\"word\": \"reduce\"}, {\"word\": \"shorten\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"shkurtoj\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔiḵtaṣara\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"إِخْتَصَرَ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"krčatel\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"կրճատել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hapavel\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"հապավել\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"skaračácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скарача́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"skaracícʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"скараці́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sǎkraštavam\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"съкращавам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"skǎsjavam\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"скъсявам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreujar\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"suōxiě\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"缩写\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"suōlüè\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"缩略\"}, {\"code\": \"kw\", \"lang\": \"Cornish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"berrhe\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zkracovat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zkrátit\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"forkorte\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"afkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"verkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"inkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"mallongigi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"lühendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"lyhentää\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abréger\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"kürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abkürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"syntomévo\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"συντομεύω\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"laghu karnā\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"लघु करना\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"skammstafa\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"stytta\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"mempersingkat\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"menyingkatkan\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"memendekkan\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"giorraigh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chidimeru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"縮める\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ryakusu\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"略す\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tanshuku suru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"短縮する\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shōryaku suru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"省略する\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"ryakushō suru\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"略称する\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengnyakhada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"생략(省略)하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yakhada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"약(略)하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yaksaenghada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"약생(略省)하다)\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"danchukhada\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"단축(短縮)하다\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviō\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"skratuva\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"скратува\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"girree\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"aagherr\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"giar\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"jean ny s'girrey\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"whakapoto\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"rap'tichi\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abbreviere\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"forkorte\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"مختصر کردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"skracać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skrócić\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"encurtar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"scurta\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abrevia\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sokraščátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"сокраща́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sokratítʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"сократи́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"giorraich\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"förkorta\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"aṭakku\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"அடக்கு\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"kısaltmak\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"ihtisar etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"skoróčuvaty\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скоро́чувати\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"skorotýty\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"скороти́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"brefükön\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"byrhau\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"cwtogi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to make shorter\", \"word\": \"talfyrru\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sǎkraštavam\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"съкращавам\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"versimpelen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"kürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"saṅkṣiptakarnā\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"संक्षिप्तकरना\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"accorciare\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"simplifica\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"simplificar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"förkorta\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"saṅkṣēpiñcu\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"సంక్షేపించు\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"ước lược\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to reduce to lower terms\", \"word\": \"rút gọn\"}], \"word\": \"abbreviate\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "abbreviate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abbreviate/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abbreviat\", \"4\": \"abbreviat(e)\", \"pos\": \"used as the past participle of <i class=\\\"Latn mention\\\" lang=\\\"enm\\\">abbreviaten</i>\", \"t\": \"abbreviated\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"noun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"subtsantivization\"}, \"expansion\": \"subtsantivization\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"adjective\", \"pos1\": \"adjective forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (adjective forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"substantive\", \"pos1\": \"noun forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (noun forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten); the noun is derived by subtsantivization from the adjective. See -ate (adjective forming suffix), -ate (noun forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more abbreviate\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most abbreviate\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviate (comparative more abbreviate, superlative most abbreviate)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Abbreviated.\"], \"links\": [[\"Abbreviated\", \"abbreviated\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, as a participle) Abbreviated.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"as a participle\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1871, John Earle, The Philology of the English Tongue:\", \"text\": \"The curt form of gent as a less ceremonious substitute for the full expression of ‘gentleman,’ had once made considerable way, but its career was blighted in a court of justice. It is about twenty years ago that two young men, being brought before a London magistrate, described themselves as ‘gents.’ The magistrate said that he considered that a designation little better than ‘blackguard.’ The abbreviate form has never been able to recover that shock.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Abbreviated, abridged, shortened.\"], \"links\": [[\"Abbreviated\", \"abbreviated\"], [\"abridge\", \"abridge\"], [\"shorten\", \"shorten\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, as a participial adjective) Abbreviated, abridged, shortened.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"as a participial adjective\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Biology\"], \"glosses\": [\"Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.\"], \"links\": [[\"biology\", \"biology\"], [\"shorter\", \"shorter\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(biology) Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.ət/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbriviet/\", \"tags\": [\"Scotland\"]}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"abbreviated, abridged\", \"word\": \"lyhennetty\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"abbreviated, abridged\", \"word\": \"abreviado\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"abbreviated, abridged\", \"word\": \"encurtado\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"biology: having one part relatively shorter\", \"word\": \"lyhentynyt\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"biology: having one part relatively shorter\", \"word\": \"tương đối ngắn\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Early Modern English\"], \"word\": \"abbreviate\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "abbreviate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abbreviate/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abbreviat\", \"4\": \"abbreviat(e)\", \"pos\": \"used as the past participle of <i class=\\\"Latn mention\\\" lang=\\\"enm\\\">abbreviaten</i>\", \"t\": \"abbreviated\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"noun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"subtsantivization\"}, \"expansion\": \"subtsantivization\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"adjective\", \"pos1\": \"adjective forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (adjective forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"substantive\", \"pos1\": \"noun forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (noun forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten); the noun is derived by subtsantivization from the adjective. See -ate (adjective forming suffix), -ate (noun forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more abbreviate\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most abbreviate\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviate (comparative more abbreviate, superlative most abbreviate)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Abbreviated.\"], \"links\": [[\"Abbreviated\", \"abbreviated\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, as a participle) Abbreviated.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"as a participle\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1871, John Earle, The Philology of the English Tongue:\", \"text\": \"The curt form of gent as a less ceremonious substitute for the full expression of ‘gentleman,’ had once made considerable way, but its career was blighted in a court of justice. It is about twenty years ago that two young men, being brought before a London magistrate, described themselves as ‘gents.’ The magistrate said that he considered that a designation little better than ‘blackguard.’ The abbreviate form has never been able to recover that shock.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Abbreviated, abridged, shortened.\"], \"links\": [[\"Abbreviated\", \"abbreviated\"], [\"abridge\", \"abridge\"], [\"shorten\", \"shorten\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, as a participial adjective) Abbreviated, abridged, shortened.\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"as a participial adjective\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Biology\"], \"glosses\": [\"Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.\"], \"links\": [[\"biology\", \"biology\"], [\"shorter\", \"shorter\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(biology) Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.ət/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbriviet/\", \"tags\": [\"Scotland\"]}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"abbreviated, abridged\", \"word\": \"lyhennetty\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"abbreviated, abridged\", \"word\": \"abreviado\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"abbreviated, abridged\", \"word\": \"encurtado\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"biology: having one part relatively shorter\", \"word\": \"lyhentynyt\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"biology: having one part relatively shorter\", \"word\": \"tương đối ngắn\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Early Modern English\"], \"word\": \"abbreviate\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "abbreviate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abbreviate/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abbreviat\", \"4\": \"abbreviat(e)\", \"pos\": \"used as the past participle of <i class=\\\"Latn mention\\\" lang=\\\"enm\\\">abbreviaten</i>\", \"t\": \"abbreviated\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"noun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"subtsantivization\"}, \"expansion\": \"subtsantivization\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"adjective\", \"pos1\": \"adjective forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (adjective forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"substantive\", \"pos1\": \"noun forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (noun forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten); the noun is derived by subtsantivization from the adjective. See -ate (adjective forming suffix), -ate (noun forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abbreviates\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviate (plural abbreviates)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"An abridgment.\"], \"links\": [[\"abridgment\", \"abridgment\"], [\"The Dictionary of the Scots Language\", \"w:Dictionary of the Scots Language\"], [\"Scottish Language Dictionaries\", \"w:Scottish Language Dictionaries\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, Scotland) An abridgment.\"], \"tags\": [\"Scotland\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.ət/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbriviet/\", \"tags\": [\"Scotland\"]}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Early Modern English\"], \"word\": \"abbreviate\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abbreviate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abbreviate/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)\", \"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abbreviat\", \"4\": \"abbreviat(e)\", \"pos\": \"used as the past participle of <i class=\\\"Latn mention\\\" lang=\\\"enm\\\">abbreviaten</i>\", \"t\": \"abbreviated\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"noun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"subtsantivization\"}, \"expansion\": \"subtsantivization\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"adjective\", \"pos1\": \"adjective forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (adjective forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"-ate\", \"id1\": \"substantive\", \"pos1\": \"noun forming suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ate (noun forming suffix)\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten); the noun is derived by subtsantivization from the adjective. See -ate (adjective forming suffix), -ate (noun forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abbreviates\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abbreviate (plural abbreviates)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"An abridgment.\"], \"links\": [[\"abridgment\", \"abridgment\"], [\"The Dictionary of the Scots Language\", \"w:Dictionary of the Scots Language\"], [\"Scottish Language Dictionaries\", \"w:Scottish Language Dictionaries\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, Scotland) An abridgment.\"], \"tags\": [\"Scotland\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.ət/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbriviet/\", \"tags\": [\"Scotland\"]}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Early Modern English\"], \"word\": \"abbreviate\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abbreviate",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.