See rend in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rend meaning in English (17.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "berend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rap and rend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rend one's garments"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kret-",
"t": "to hit, beat"
},
"expansion": "*kret- (“to hit, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rends",
"2": "rending",
"3": "rent",
"past2": "rended"
},
"expansion": "rend (third-person singular simple present rends, present participle rending, simple past and past participle rent or rended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 79 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 70 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Powder rends a rock in blasting.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Lightning rends an oak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 317",
"text": "We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"id": "en-rend-en-verb-EmB~pgy4",
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"burst",
"burst"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "скъсвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎdiram",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "съдирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esquinçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esgarrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gatsagaliha",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "ᎦᏣᎦᎵᎭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozervat"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "disŝiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "särkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "pirstoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rompre"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "déchirer"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "zerreißen"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "disskreitan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "tahjan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐍄𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sparássō",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "σπαράσσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "hasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "széthasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "felhasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "repeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "elrepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "szétrepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "megrepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettérepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettéhasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rois"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "spaccare"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "lacerō"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "laniō"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rēofan"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rendan"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yarmak",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "یارمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "sfâșia"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rupe"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdirátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razryvátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разрыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dṛṇāti",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "दृणाति"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "destrozar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "desgajar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "romper"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 7 27",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "brukim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"id": "en-rend-en-verb-QJZwICul",
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"take away",
"take away"
],
[
"amputate",
"amputate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdeljam",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "разделям"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repäistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "riuhtaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "letép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "széttép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "megszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kitép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettétép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettészakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhae"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhaehae"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otryvátʹ",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отрыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "desgarrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "brukim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Relationships may rend if tempers flare.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"id": "en-rend-en-verb-SlTpQSuT",
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam se",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "скъсвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "revetä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "repeytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "pirstoutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "szakad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elszakad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "kettészakad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "hasad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "széthasad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elhasad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "reped"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elreped"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "romperse"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "desgarrarse"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kret-",
"t": "to hit, beat"
},
"expansion": "*kret- (“to hit, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rend (plural rends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light, page xvi",
"text": "She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent separation of parts."
],
"id": "en-rend-en-noun-aupDeGIT"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berend"
},
{
"word": "rap and rend"
},
{
"word": "torend"
},
{
"word": "rend one's garments"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kret-",
"t": "to hit, beat"
},
"expansion": "*kret- (“to hit, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rends",
"2": "rending",
"3": "rent",
"past2": "rended"
},
"expansion": "rend (third-person singular simple present rends, present participle rending, simple past and past participle rent or rended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Powder rends a rock in blasting.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Lightning rends an oak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 317",
"text": "We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"burst",
"burst"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"take away",
"take away"
],
[
"amputate",
"amputate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Relationships may rend if tempers flare.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "скъсвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎdiram",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "съдирам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esquinçar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esgarrar"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gatsagaliha",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "ᎦᏣᎦᎵᎭ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozervat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "disŝiri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "särkeä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "pirstoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rompre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "déchirer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "zerreißen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "disskreitan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "tahjan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐍄𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sparássō",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "σπαράσσω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "hasít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "széthasít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "felhasít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "repeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "elrepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "szétrepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "megrepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettérepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettéhasít"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rois"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "spaccare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "lacerō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "laniō"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rēofan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rendan"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yarmak",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "یارمق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "sfâșia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rupe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdirátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razryvátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разрыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dṛṇāti",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "दृणाति"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "destrozar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "desgajar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "romper"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "brukim"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdeljam",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "разделям"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repäistä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "riuhtaista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repiä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "letép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "széttép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "megszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kitép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettétép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettészakít"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhae"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhaehae"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otryvátʹ",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отрыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "desgarrar"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "brukim"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam se",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "скъсвам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "revetä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "repeytyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "pirstoutua"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "szakad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elszakad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "kettészakad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "hasad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "széthasad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elhasad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "reped"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elreped"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "romperse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "desgarrarse"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kret-",
"t": "to hit, beat"
},
"expansion": "*kret- (“to hit, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rend (plural rends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light, page xvi",
"text": "She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent separation of parts."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.