See rend in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "berend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rap and rend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rend one's garments"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rends",
"2": "rending",
"3": "rent#Verb_2",
"past2": "rended"
},
"expansion": "rend (third-person singular simple present rends, present participle rending, simple past and past participle rent or rended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 80 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 61 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 62 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 2 21 1 12 2 2 26 11 1 5 1 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 18 1 15 1 1 21 14 0 7 1 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 44 15 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 60 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 60 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 65 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "10 50 19 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 64 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 60 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 56 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 60 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 59 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 57 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 57 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 60 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 64 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 64 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 60 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 66 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 50 13 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 62 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 60 14 13",
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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{
"_dis": "12 64 15 9",
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{
"_dis": "14 59 15 12",
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{
"_dis": "12 66 14 8",
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{
"_dis": "4 86 6 4",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Powder rends a rock in blasting.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Lightning rends an oak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak / And peg thee in his knotty entrails till / Thou hast howl'd away twelve winters.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 317:",
"text": "We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"id": "en-rend-en-verb-EmB~pgy4",
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"burst",
"burst"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "скъсвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎdiram",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "съдирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esquinçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esgarrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gatsagaliha",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "ᎦᏣᎦᎵᎭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozervat"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rvát"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "roztrhnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trhat"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "disŝiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "särkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "pirstoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rompre"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "déchirer"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "zerreißen"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "disskreitan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "tahjan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐍄𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sparássō",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "σπαράσσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "hasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "széthasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "felhasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "repeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "elrepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "szétrepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "megrepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettérepeszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettéhasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rois"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "spaccare"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "lacerō"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "laniō"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rēofan"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rendan"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "teran"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yarmak",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "یارمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "sfâșia"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rupe"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdirátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razryvátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разрыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dṛṇāti",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "दृणाति"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "destrozar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "desgajar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "romper"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 7 26",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "brukim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 2:12:",
"text": "And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 51, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 260:",
"text": "For a time, there reigned, too, a sense of peculiar dread at this flitting apparition, as if it were treacherously beckoning us on and on, in order that the monster might turn round upon us, and rend us at last in the remotest and most savage seas.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"id": "en-rend-en-verb-QJZwICul",
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"take away",
"take away"
],
[
"amputate",
"amputate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdeljam",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "разделям"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odervat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repäistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "riuhtaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "letép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "széttép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "megszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszaggat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kitép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettétép"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettészakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhae"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhaehae"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otryvátʹ",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отрыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "desgarrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "brukim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Relationships may rend if tempers flare.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"id": "en-rend-en-verb-SlTpQSuT",
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam se",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "скъсвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pukat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trhat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "revetä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "repeytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "pirstoutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "szakad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elszakad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "kettészakad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "hasad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "széthasad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elhasad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "reped"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elreped"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "romperse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "desgarrarse"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rend (plural rends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light, page xvi:",
"text": "She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent separation of parts."
],
"id": "en-rend-en-noun-aupDeGIT"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berend"
},
{
"word": "rap and rend"
},
{
"word": "torend"
},
{
"word": "rend one's garments"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rending",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rent",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rended",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rends",
"2": "rending",
"3": "rent#Verb_2",
"past2": "rended"
},
"expansion": "rend (third-person singular simple present rends, present participle rending, simple past and past participle rent or rended)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Powder rends a rock in blasting.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Lightning rends an oak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak / And peg thee in his knotty entrails till / Thou hast howl'd away twelve winters.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 317:",
"text": "We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"burst",
"burst"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 2:12:",
"text": "And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 51, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 260:",
"text": "For a time, there reigned, too, a sense of peculiar dread at this flitting apparition, as if it were treacherously beckoning us on and on, in order that the monster might turn round upon us, and rend us at last in the remotest and most savage seas.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"take away",
"take away"
],
[
"amputate",
"amputate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force; to amputate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Relationships may rend if tempers flare.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "скъсвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎdiram",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "съдирам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esquinçar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "esgarrar"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gatsagaliha",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "ᎦᏣᎦᎵᎭ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozervat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rvát"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "roztrhnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trhat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "disŝiri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "särkeä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "pirstoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rompre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "déchirer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "zerreißen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "disskreitan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "tahjan",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "𐍄𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sparássō",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "σπαράσσω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "hasít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "széthasít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "felhasít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "repeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "elrepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "szétrepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "megrepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettérepeszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "kettéhasít"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rois"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "spaccare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "lacerō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "laniō"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rēofan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rendan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "teran"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yarmak",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "یارمق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "sfâșia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rupe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdirátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razryvátʹ",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разрыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dṛṇāti",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "दृणाति"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "destrozar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "desgajar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "romper"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to separate into parts with force",
"word": "brukim"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdeljam",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "разделям"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odervat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repäistä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "riuhtaista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "repiä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "letép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "széttép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "leszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "megszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "szétszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "elszaggat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kitép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettétép"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "kettészakít"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhae"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "tīhaehae"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otryvátʹ",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отрыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "rasgar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "desgarrar"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "to part or tear off forcibly",
"word": "brukim"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsvam se",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "скъсвам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pukat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trhat se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "revetä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "repeytyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "pirstoutua"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "szakad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elszakad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "kettészakad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "hasad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "széthasad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elhasad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "reped"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "elreped"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "romperse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be rent or torn",
"word": "desgarrarse"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "renden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English renden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rendan",
"t": "to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*randijan",
"4": "*(h)randijan",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrindaną",
"t": "to push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrindan",
"t": "to thrust, push"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rent",
"t": "to rend, tear"
},
"expansion": "Scots rent (“to rend, tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "renda",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian renda (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-West Germanic *(h)randijan (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rend (plural rends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light, page xvi:",
"text": "She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent separation of parts."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛnd/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rend.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rend.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnd"
}
],
"word": "rend"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rend meaning in English (20.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.