See preterite in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"ref": "1913 [1856], Robert Caldwell, edited by J.L. Wyatt and T. Ramakrishna Pillai, A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian, or, South-Indian Family of Languages, 3rd edition, London: Kegan Paul, →OCLC, page 496:",
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"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "üldminevik"
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"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "du passé"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
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"roman": "parochiménos",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "παρωχημένος"
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"_dis1": "72 28",
"alt": "かこの",
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"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
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"word": "過去の"
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"_dis1": "72 28",
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"word": "прете́рит"
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"roman": "prošédšeje povestvovátelʹnoje",
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"_dis1": "72 28",
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"ref": "1890, James Russell Lowell, “Cambridge Thirty Years Ago”, in The Writings of James Russell Lowell, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, page 52:",
"text": "Without leaving your elbow-chair, you shall go back with me thirty years, which will bring you among things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa.",
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"ref": "1988, Clifford Geertz, Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author, page 19:",
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"text": "When simple verbs redouble the preterite, the compounds drop the first syllable, as: Pello, pĕpŭli, to drive away, to beat back; Repello, rĕpŭli, and not rĕpĕpŭli, to drive back, to repel.",
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"roman": "minalo vreme",
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"word": "минало време"
},
{
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"masculine"
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{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "præteritum"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "onvoltooid verleden tijd"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "preterito"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "preteriti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prétérit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Präteritum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aóristos",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "αόριστος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "elbeszélő múlt (idő)"
},
{
"alt": "かこ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "過去"
},
{
"alt": "かこじせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako-jisei",
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"word": "過去時制"
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{
"code": "la",
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{
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"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "sîmpl'ye pâssé"
},
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"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
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"word": "czas przeszły"
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{
"code": "pt",
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{
"code": "ro",
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"word": "preterit"
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{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prošédšeje vrémja",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "проше́дшее вре́мя"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pretɛ́rit",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прете́рит"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preterit"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛtəɹɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛtəɹət/",
"note": "weak vowel merger"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "preterit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "praeterite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præterite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "pret."
}
],
"word": "preterite"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
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"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
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],
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"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "preterit"
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"expansion": "Middle English preterit",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "preterit"
},
"expansion": "Old French preterit",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praeteritum"
},
"expansion": "Latin praeteritum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English preterit, from Old French preterit (13th century), from Latin praeteritum (as in tempus praeteritum (“time past”)), the past participle of praetereō (“I go by, go past”), itself from praeter (“beyond, before, above, more than”) (comparative of prae (“before”)) + itum (the past participle of eō (“I go”)).",
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{
"ref": "1913 [1856], Robert Caldwell, edited by J.L. Wyatt and T. Ramakrishna Pillai, A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian, or, South-Indian Family of Languages, 3rd edition, London: Kegan Paul, →OCLC, page 496:",
"text": "The Dravidian preterite tense is ordinarily formed, like the present, by annexing the pronominal signs to the preterite verbal participle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Showing an action at a determined moment in the past."
],
"links": [
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"(grammar, of a tense) Showing an action at a determined moment in the past."
],
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{
"ref": "1890, James Russell Lowell, “Cambridge Thirty Years Ago”, in The Writings of James Russell Lowell, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, page 52:",
"text": "Without leaving your elbow-chair, you shall go back with me thirty years, which will bring you among things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Clifford Geertz, Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author, page 19:",
"text": "Boas, Benedict, Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown, Murdock, Evans-Pritchard, Griaule, Levi-Strauss, to keep the list short, preterite, and variegated, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Belonging wholly to the past; passed by."
],
"links": [
[
"Belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"wholly",
"wholly"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛtəɹɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛtəɹət/",
"note": "weak vowel merger"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "belonging wholly to the past",
"word": "bygone"
},
{
"word": "foregone"
},
{
"word": "past"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
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"word": "preterit"
},
{
"word": "praeterite"
},
{
"tags": [
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},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
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"word": "pret."
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "minal",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "минал"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "pretèrit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "in de verleden tijd"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "in het preteritum"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "üldminevik"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "du passé"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parochiménos",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "παρωχημένος"
},
{
"alt": "かこの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako no",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"tags": [
"adnominal"
],
"word": "過去の"
},
{
"alt": "かこじせいの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako-jisei no",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "過去時制の"
},
{
"alt": "てんかこの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"note": "for Spanish grammar",
"roman": "ten-kako no",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "点過去の"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "praeteritus"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przeszły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pretérit",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прете́рит"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prošédšeje povestvovátelʹnoje",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "проше́дшее повествова́тельное"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "showing an action at a determined moment in the past",
"word": "pretérito"
}
],
"word": "preterite"
}
{
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"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
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"Pages with entries",
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"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Tenses"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"expansion": "Middle English preterit",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Old French preterit",
"name": "der"
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"1": "en",
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"3": "praeteritum"
},
"expansion": "Latin praeteritum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English preterit, from Old French preterit (13th century), from Latin praeteritum (as in tempus praeteritum (“time past”)), the past participle of praetereō (“I go by, go past”), itself from praeter (“beyond, before, above, more than”) (comparative of prae (“before”)) + itum (the past participle of eō (“I go”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "preterites",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "preterite (plural preterites)",
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],
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"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "preterition"
},
{
"word": "preteritive"
},
{
"word": "preterite tense"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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],
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{
"ref": "1772, John Mair, A Radical Vocabulary, Latin and English, Edinburgh: A. Murray, and J. Cochran, for A. Kincaid & W. Creech, and J. Bell, →OCLC, page 101:",
"text": "When simple verbs redouble the preterite, the compounds drop the first syllable, as: Pello, pĕpŭli, to drive away, to beat back; Repello, rĕpŭli, and not rĕpĕpŭli, to drive back, to repel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Dieter Stein, Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Towards a Standard English: 1600-1800, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 115:",
"text": "Nevertheless, a small amount of variation still exists in one area of standard English verbal morphology: the preterite and past participle forms of certain irregular verbs.",
"type": "quote"
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"glosses": [
"A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past."
],
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],
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"(grammar) A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past."
],
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛtəɹɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛtəɹət/",
"note": "weak vowel merger"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "preterit"
},
{
"word": "praeterite"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "præterite"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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"sciences"
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"word": "pret."
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "minalo vreme",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "минало време"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretèrit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "præteritum"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "onvoltooid verleden tijd"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "preterito"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "preteriti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prétérit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Präteritum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aóristos",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "αόριστος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "elbeszélő múlt (idő)"
},
{
"alt": "かこ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "過去"
},
{
"alt": "かこじせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako-jisei",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "過去時制"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sîmpl'ye pâssé"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czas przeszły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preterit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prošédšeje vrémja",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "проше́дшее вре́мя"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pretɛ́rit",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прете́рит"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preterit"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "preterite tense; simple past",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
}
],
"word": "preterite"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preterite meaning in English (14.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.