See incubus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for incubus meaning in English (16.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "incubus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin incubus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "incubō",
"4": "",
"5": "nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper"
},
"expansion": "Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"3": "cubō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "on",
"t2": "to lie down"
},
"expansion": "in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "incubō",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie upon, to hatch",
"pos": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">in-</i> (“on”) + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cubō</i> (“to lie down”)"
},
"expansion": "incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”))",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "incubi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "incubuses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "incubi",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "incubous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "succubus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "European folklore",
"orig": "en:European folklore",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Folklore",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Culture",
"Nature",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "70 7 8 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "en:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: succubus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
],
"id": "en-incubus-en-noun-jhx5aY-I",
"links": [
[
"mediaeval",
"mediaeval"
],
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
],
[
"women",
"women"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"qualifier": "mediaeval folklore",
"raw_glosses": [
"(mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jāṯūm",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَاثُوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kābūs",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَابُوس"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "inkub",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "инкуб"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncub"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncube"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "惡魔"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "èmó",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "恶魔"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "inkubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "miespuolinen demoni"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incube"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Inkubus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "inkubusz"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "lidérc"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inkyubasu",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "インキュバス"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "muma",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "夢魔"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mongma",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "몽마"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "inkubai"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "iṅkyubas",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "इङ्क्युबस"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kâbus",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "کابوس"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "baxtak",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "بختک"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "darfanjak",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "درفنجک"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inkub"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "íncubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incub"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "inkúb",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инку́б"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "démon",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "де́мон"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj dux",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "злой дух"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj génij",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "злой ге́ний"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/gallu/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒋼𒇲"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/udug/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒌜"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/asag/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒀉𒉺"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/ala/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒀀𒇲"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "karabasan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 49 21 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 57 17 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horror",
"orig": "en:Horror",
"parents": [
"Literature",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Fiction",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Artistic works",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Art",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 51 17 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 68 3 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sleep",
"orig": "en:Sleep",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Burton with W.H. Gass, The Anatomy of Melancholy, NYRB Classics ser. (New York: New York Review Books, 2001, orig. 1932), vol. 1, p. 249",
"text": "it increaseth fearful dreams, incubus, night-walking, crying out, and much unquietness […] ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare."
],
"id": "en-incubus-en-noun-bfWDH7lP",
"links": [
[
"sleep paralysis",
"sleep paralysis"
],
[
"nightmare",
"nightmare"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nightmare"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "كابوس"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "حلم"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "košmar",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кошмар"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncub"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncube"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "夢魘"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mèngyǎn",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "梦魇"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "nachtmerrie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cauchemar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "terreurs nocturnes"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incube"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Alptraum"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "lidércnyomás"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akumu",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "悪夢"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koszmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesadelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "košmár",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кошма́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "durnój son",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дурно́й сон"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 85 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pesadilla"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, \"The Treader of the Dust\"",
"text": "Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition."
},
{
"ref": "1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82",
"text": "Ahead of us the lowering smoke-screen of Leeds and her gloomy satellites hung like an incubus over the land.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 132–3",
"text": "Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
],
"id": "en-incubus-en-noun-olRoyl1D",
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bārūk",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "باروك"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "last"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "juk"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "obsessie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "fardeau"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "boulet"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "croix"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "tyran"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "sangsue"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "vampire"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Last"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kreuz"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "omoni",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "重荷"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gruz zabót",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "груз забо́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnjot",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнёт"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brémja",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бре́мя"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruz"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 94 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carga"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Entomology",
"orig": "en:Entomology",
"parents": [
"Arthropodology",
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 26 11 46",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Insects",
"orig": "en:Insects",
"parents": [
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae."
],
"id": "en-incubus-en-noun-nqrzVKzi",
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"insects",
"insects"
],
[
"Aphidiinae",
"Aphidiinae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "incubous"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-incubus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg/En-us-incubus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-incubus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg/En-au-incubus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "incubus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewb-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"en:Horror",
"en:Insects",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Sex",
"en:Sleep"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "incubus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin incubus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "incubō",
"4": "",
"5": "nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper"
},
"expansion": "Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"3": "cubō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "on",
"t2": "to lie down"
},
"expansion": "in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "incubō",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie upon, to hatch",
"pos": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">in-</i> (“on”) + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cubō</i> (“to lie down”)"
},
"expansion": "incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”))",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "incubi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "incubuses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "incubi",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "incubous"
},
{
"word": "succubus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:European folklore"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: succubus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
],
"links": [
[
"mediaeval",
"mediaeval"
],
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
],
[
"women",
"women"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"qualifier": "mediaeval folklore",
"raw_glosses": [
"(mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Burton with W.H. Gass, The Anatomy of Melancholy, NYRB Classics ser. (New York: New York Review Books, 2001, orig. 1932), vol. 1, p. 249",
"text": "it increaseth fearful dreams, incubus, night-walking, crying out, and much unquietness […] ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare."
],
"links": [
[
"sleep paralysis",
"sleep paralysis"
],
[
"nightmare",
"nightmare"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nightmare"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, \"The Treader of the Dust\"",
"text": "Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition."
},
{
"ref": "1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82",
"text": "Ahead of us the lowering smoke-screen of Leeds and her gloomy satellites hung like an incubus over the land.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 132–3",
"text": "Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
],
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Entomology"
],
"glosses": [
"One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae."
],
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"insects",
"insects"
],
[
"Aphidiinae",
"Aphidiinae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "incubous"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-incubus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg/En-us-incubus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-incubus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg/En-au-incubus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jāṯūm",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَاثُوم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kābūs",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَابُوس"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "inkub",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "инкуб"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncub"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncube"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "惡魔"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "èmó",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "恶魔"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "inkubo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "miespuolinen demoni"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incube"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Inkubus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "inkubusz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "lidérc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inkyubasu",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "インキュバス"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "muma",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "夢魔"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mongma",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "몽마"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "inkubai"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "iṅkyubas",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "इङ्क्युबस"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kâbus",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "کابوس"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "baxtak",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "بختک"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "darfanjak",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "درفنجک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inkub"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "íncubo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incub"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "inkúb",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инку́б"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "démon",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "де́мон"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj dux",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "злой дух"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj génij",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "злой ге́ний"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncubo"
},
{
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/gallu/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒋼𒇲"
},
{
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/udug/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒌜"
},
{
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/asag/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒀉𒉺"
},
{
"code": "sux",
"lang": "Sumerian",
"roman": "/ala/",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "𒀀𒇲"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "an evil spirit",
"word": "karabasan"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "كابوس"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "حلم"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "košmar",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кошмар"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncub"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncube"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "夢魘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mèngyǎn",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "梦魇"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "nachtmerrie"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cauchemar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "terreurs nocturnes"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incube"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Alptraum"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "lidércnyomás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akumu",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"word": "悪夢"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "incubo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incubus"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koszmar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesadelo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "íncubo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "košmár",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кошма́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "durnój son",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дурно́й сон"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a nightmare",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pesadilla"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bārūk",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "باروك"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "last"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "juk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "obsessie"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "fardeau"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "boulet"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "croix"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "tyran"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "sangsue"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "vampire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Last"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kreuz"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "omoni",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"word": "重荷"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gruz zabót",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "груз забо́т"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnjot",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнёт"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brémja",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бре́мя"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruz"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carga"
}
],
"word": "incubus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.