"incubus" meaning in English

See incubus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/ [General-American, UK], /ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/ [General-American, UK] Audio: en-us-incubus.ogg , en-au-incubus.ogg Forms: incubi [plural], incubuses [plural]
Etymology: From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*ḱewb-}}, {{bor|en|LL.|incubus}} Late Latin incubus, {{der|en|la|incubō||nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper}} Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), {{af|la|in-|cubō|nocat=1|t1=on|t2=to lie down}} in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”) Head templates: {{en-noun|incubi|+}} incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)
  1. (mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep. Categories (topical): European folklore, Sex Translations (an evil spirit): جَاثُوم (jāṯūm) [masculine] (Arabic), كَابُوس (kābūs) [masculine] (Arabic), инкуб (inkub) (Bulgarian), íncub [masculine] (Catalan), íncube [masculine] (Catalan), 惡魔 (Chinese Mandarin), 恶魔 (èmó) (Chinese Mandarin), incubus [masculine] (Czech), incubus (Dutch), inkubo (Esperanto), incubus (Finnish), miespuolinen demoni (Finnish), incube [masculine] (French), Inkubus [masculine] (German), inkubusz (Hungarian), lidérc (Hungarian), incubo [masculine] (Italian), インキュバス (inkyubasu) (Japanese), 夢魔 (muma) (Japanese), 몽마 (mongma) (Korean), incubus [masculine] (Latin), incubo [masculine] (Latin), inkubai (Lithuanian), इंक्युबस (iṅkyubas) [masculine] (Marathi), کابوس (kâbus) (Persian), بختک (baxtak) (Persian), درفنجک (darfanjak) (Persian), inkub [masculine] (Polish), íncubo (Portuguese), incub [masculine] (Romanian), инку́б (inkúb) [masculine] (Russian), де́мон (démon) [masculine] (Russian), злой дух (zloj dux) [masculine] (Russian), злой ге́ний (zloj génij) [masculine] (Russian), íncubo [masculine] (Spanish), 𒋼𒇲 (/⁠gallu⁠/) (Sumerian), 𒌜 (/⁠udug⁠/) (Sumerian), 𒀉𒉺 (/⁠asag⁠/) (Sumerian), 𒀀𒇲 (/⁠ala⁠/) (Sumerian), incubus (Swedish), karabasan (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-incubus-en-noun-jhx5aY-I Disambiguation of Sex: 76 5 2 17 Categories (other): Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Sumerian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 10 36 30 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 11 39 32 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Sumerian translations: 14 37 31 18 Disambiguation of 'an evil spirit': 100 0 0 0
  2. A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare. Categories (topical): Horror, Mythological creatures, Sleep Synonyms: nightmare Translations (a nightmare): كابوس (Arabic), حلم (Arabic), кошмар (košmar) [masculine] (Bulgarian), íncub [masculine] (Catalan), íncube [masculine] (Catalan), 夢魘 (Chinese Mandarin), 梦魇 (mèngyǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), nachtmerrie (Dutch), cauchemar [masculine] (French), terreurs nocturnes (French), incube [masculine] (French), Albtraum [masculine] (German), lidércnyomás (Hungarian), incubo [masculine] (Italian), 悪夢 (akumu) (Japanese), incubo [feminine] (Latin), incubus [masculine] (Latin), koszmar [masculine] (Polish), pesadelo [masculine] (Portuguese), íncubo [masculine] (Portuguese), кошма́р (košmár) [masculine] (Russian), дурно́й сон (durnój son) [masculine] (Russian), pesadilla [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-incubus-en-noun-bfWDH7lP Disambiguation of Horror: 6 66 13 15 Disambiguation of Mythological creatures: 13 55 13 19 Disambiguation of Sleep: 19 67 4 10 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Marathi translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Sumerian translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 52 17 27 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 10 53 13 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 2 5 2 6 48 13 24 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 3 1 4 51 16 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 9 47 19 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 15 50 15 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 15 49 14 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 10 41 29 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 12 53 15 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 8 53 15 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 15 50 15 20 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 12 54 14 20 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 12 52 16 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 10 36 30 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 8 56 16 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 8 56 16 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 15 49 14 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 8 56 16 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 15 45 12 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Marathi translations: 9 38 34 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 17 52 12 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 11 39 32 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 15 50 15 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 8 56 16 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 9 56 13 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Sumerian translations: 14 37 31 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 14 49 14 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 14 49 14 22 Disambiguation of 'a nightmare': 7 91 0 2
  3. (by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden. Tags: broadly Translations (oppressive thing or person; a burden): باروك (bārūk) [masculine] (Arabic), last (Dutch), juk [neuter] (Dutch), obsessie (Dutch), fardeau (French), boulet (French), croix (French), tyran (French), sangsue (French), vampire (French), Last [feminine] (German), Kreuz [neuter] (German), 重荷 (omoni) (Japanese), груз забо́т (gruz zabót) [masculine] (Russian), гнёт (gnjot) [masculine] (Russian), бре́мя (brémja) [neuter] (Russian), cruz [feminine] (Spanish), carga [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-incubus-en-noun-olRoyl1D Categories (other): Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Marathi translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Sumerian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 10 36 30 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Marathi translations: 9 38 34 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 11 39 32 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Sumerian translations: 14 37 31 18 Disambiguation of 'oppressive thing or person; a burden': 1 0 98 0
  4. (entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae. Categories (topical): Entomology Categories (lifeform): Insects
    Sense id: en-incubus-en-noun-nqrzVKzi Disambiguation of Insects: 13 35 9 43 Categories (other): Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Marathi translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Sumerian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 10 36 30 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Marathi translations: 9 38 34 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 12 39 33 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 11 39 32 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Sumerian translations: 14 37 31 18 Topics: biology, entomology, natural-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: incubous, succubus

Inflected forms

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  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱewb-"
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      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "incubus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin incubus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "incubō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "cubō",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "on",
        "t2": "to lie down"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)).",
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      "form": "incubi",
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        "plural"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "incubi",
        "2": "+"
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      "expansion": "incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)",
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  "related": [
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "incubous"
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          "orig": "en:European folklore",
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            "Reproduction",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Nature"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: succubus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
      ],
      "id": "en-incubus-en-noun-jhx5aY-I",
      "links": [
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          "mediaeval",
          "mediaeval"
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          "folklore"
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        [
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          "evil"
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        [
          "spirit",
          "spirit"
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        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
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        [
          "women",
          "women"
        ],
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
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      ],
      "qualifier": "mediaeval folklore",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "jāṯūm",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "جَاثُوم"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "kābūs",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "كَابُوس"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "inkub",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "инкуб"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "íncub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "íncube"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "惡魔"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "èmó",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "恶魔"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incubus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "incubus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "inkubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "incubus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "miespuolinen demoni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incube"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Inkubus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "inkubusz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "lidérc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "inkyubasu",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "インキュバス"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "muma",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "夢魔"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "mongma",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "몽마"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incubus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "inkubai"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "iṅkyubas",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "इंक्युबस"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "kâbus",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "کابوس"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "baxtak",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "بختک"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "darfanjak",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "درفنجک"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "inkub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "íncubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "inkúb",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "инку́б"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "démon",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "де́мон"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zloj dux",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "злой дух"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zloj génij",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "злой ге́ний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "íncubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "sux",
          "lang": "Sumerian",
          "roman": "/⁠gallu⁠/",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "𒋼𒇲"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "sux",
          "lang": "Sumerian",
          "roman": "/⁠udug⁠/",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "𒌜"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "sux",
          "lang": "Sumerian",
          "roman": "/⁠asag⁠/",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "𒀉𒉺"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "sux",
          "lang": "Sumerian",
          "roman": "/⁠ala⁠/",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "𒀀𒇲"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "incubus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "an evil spirit",
          "word": "karabasan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 66 13 15",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Horror",
          "orig": "en:Horror",
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            "Literature",
            "Speculative fiction",
            "Culture",
            "Entertainment",
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          "orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
          "parents": [
            "Fantasy",
            "Mythology",
            "Fiction",
            "Speculative fiction",
            "Culture",
            "Artistic works",
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        {
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        {
          "ref": "Burton with W.H. Gass, The Anatomy of Melancholy, NYRB Classics ser. (New York: New York Review Books, 2001, orig. 1932), vol. 1, p. 249",
          "text": "it increaseth fearful dreams, incubus, night-walking, crying out, and much unquietness […] ."
        }
      ],
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        "A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare."
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      "id": "en-incubus-en-noun-bfWDH7lP",
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          "sleep paralysis"
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          "word": "nightmare"
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "كابوس"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "حلم"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "košmar",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кошмар"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "íncub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "íncube"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "夢魘"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mèngyǎn",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "梦魇"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "nachtmerrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cauchemar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "terreurs nocturnes"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incube"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Albtraum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "lidércnyomás"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "akumu",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "word": "悪夢"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "incubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "incubus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "koszmar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pesadelo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "íncubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "košmár",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кошма́р"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "durnój son",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "дурно́й сон"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 91 0 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a nightmare",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pesadilla"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
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        {
          "_dis": "11 39 32 18",
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, \"The Treader of the Dust\"",
          "text": "Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82:",
          "text": "Ahead of us the lowering smoke-screen of Leeds and her gloomy satellites hung like an incubus over the land.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 132–3:",
          "text": "Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
      ],
      "id": "en-incubus-en-noun-olRoyl1D",
      "links": [
        [
          "oppressive",
          "oppressive"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "bārūk",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "باروك"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "last"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "juk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "obsessie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "fardeau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "boulet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "croix"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "tyran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "sangsue"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "vampire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Last"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Kreuz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "omoni",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "word": "重荷"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gruz zabót",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "груз забо́т"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gnjot",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гнёт"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "brémja",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "бре́мя"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cruz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 98 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "carga"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Entomology",
          "orig": "en:Entomology",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "_dis": "11 39 32 18",
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        {
          "_dis": "14 37 31 18",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 35 9 43",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Insects",
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            "Arthropods",
            "Animals",
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      "glosses": [
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      "id": "en-incubus-en-noun-nqrzVKzi",
      "links": [
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          "entomology"
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          "insects"
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        [
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          "Aphidiinae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "entomology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-incubus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg/En-us-incubus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-incubus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg/En-au-incubus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "incubous"
    }
  ],
  "word": "incubus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewb-",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Marathi translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Sumerian translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "en:Horror",
    "en:Insects",
    "en:Mythological creatures",
    "en:Sex",
    "en:Sleep"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱewb-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "incubus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin incubus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "incubō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "cubō",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "on",
        "t2": "to lie down"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "incubi",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "incubuses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "incubi",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "incubous"
    },
    {
      "word": "succubus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:European folklore"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: succubus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mediaeval",
          "mediaeval"
        ],
        [
          "folklore",
          "folklore"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "spirit",
          "spirit"
        ],
        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
        ],
        [
          "women",
          "women"
        ],
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "mediaeval folklore",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep."
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "Burton with W.H. Gass, The Anatomy of Melancholy, NYRB Classics ser. (New York: New York Review Books, 2001, orig. 1932), vol. 1, p. 249",
          "text": "it increaseth fearful dreams, incubus, night-walking, crying out, and much unquietness […] ."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sleep paralysis",
          "sleep paralysis"
        ],
        [
          "nightmare",
          "nightmare"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "nightmare"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, \"The Treader of the Dust\"",
          "text": "Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82:",
          "text": "Ahead of us the lowering smoke-screen of Leeds and her gloomy satellites hung like an incubus over the land.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 132–3:",
          "text": "Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oppressive",
          "oppressive"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Entomology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "entomology",
          "entomology"
        ],
        [
          "insects",
          "insects"
        ],
        [
          "Aphidiinae",
          "Aphidiinae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "entomology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-incubus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg/En-us-incubus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-incubus.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-incubus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg/En-au-incubus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-incubus.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "incubous"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "jāṯūm",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "جَاثُوم"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "kābūs",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "كَابُوس"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "inkub",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "инкуб"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "íncub"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "íncube"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "惡魔"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "èmó",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "恶魔"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incubus"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "incubus"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "inkubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "incubus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "miespuolinen demoni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incube"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Inkubus"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "inkubusz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "lidérc"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "inkyubasu",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "インキュバス"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "muma",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "夢魔"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "mongma",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "몽마"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incubus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "inkubai"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "iṅkyubas",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "इंक्युबस"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "kâbus",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "کابوس"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "baxtak",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "بختک"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "darfanjak",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "درفنجک"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "inkub"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "íncubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incub"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "inkúb",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "инку́б"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "démon",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "де́мон"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zloj dux",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "злой дух"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zloj génij",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "злой ге́ний"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "íncubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sux",
      "lang": "Sumerian",
      "roman": "/⁠gallu⁠/",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "𒋼𒇲"
    },
    {
      "code": "sux",
      "lang": "Sumerian",
      "roman": "/⁠udug⁠/",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "𒌜"
    },
    {
      "code": "sux",
      "lang": "Sumerian",
      "roman": "/⁠asag⁠/",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "𒀉𒉺"
    },
    {
      "code": "sux",
      "lang": "Sumerian",
      "roman": "/⁠ala⁠/",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "𒀀𒇲"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "incubus"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "an evil spirit",
      "word": "karabasan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "كابوس"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "حلم"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "košmar",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кошмар"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "íncub"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "íncube"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "夢魘"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mèngyǎn",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "梦魇"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "nachtmerrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cauchemar"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "terreurs nocturnes"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incube"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Albtraum"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "lidércnyomás"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "akumu",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "word": "悪夢"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "incubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incubus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "koszmar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pesadelo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "íncubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "košmár",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кошма́р"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "durnój son",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "дурно́й сон"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a nightmare",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pesadilla"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bārūk",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "باروك"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "last"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "juk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "obsessie"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "fardeau"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "boulet"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "croix"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "tyran"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "sangsue"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "vampire"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Last"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Kreuz"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "omoni",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "word": "重荷"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gruz zabót",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "груз забо́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gnjot",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гнёт"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "brémja",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "бре́мя"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cruz"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "oppressive thing or person; a burden",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "carga"
    }
  ],
  "word": "incubus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for incubus meaning in English (14.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.