See gene in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gene meaning in English (17.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "control gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cream gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene-altered"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene bank"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene cassette"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene complex"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene drive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene-engineered"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene expression"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene family"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene flow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene frequency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene gun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene-manipulated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene-modified"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene-napper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene pool"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene product"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene silencing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene-splicing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene splicing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene therapy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "genetic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "geneticist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "genetics"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene transcription"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene transfer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gene trap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "genome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "genotype"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "histocompatibility gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "homeobox gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "horizontal gene transfer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hox gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jumping gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lateral gene transfer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lethal gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "marker gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oligogene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pseudogene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "selfish gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "suicide gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "toll gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "X-linked gene"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Gen"
},
"expansion": "German Gen",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γενεά",
"4": "",
"5": "generation, descent"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aorist"
},
"expansion": "aorist",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γίγνομαι",
"3": "",
"4": "I come into being"
},
"expansion": "γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pangene"
},
"expansion": "pangene",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "^([sic])",
"name": "sic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by the Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication, from the last syllable of pangene.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "genes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gene (plural genes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pangene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "locus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "allele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dominant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "recessive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genetics",
"orig": "en:Genetics",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 4 2 23 11 6 2 6 11 2 3 2 3 12 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: cistron"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 10",
"text": "The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color."
],
"id": "en-gene-en-noun-CqmdlrCx",
"links": [
[
"genetics",
"genetics"
],
[
"theoretical",
"theory"
],
[
"heredity",
"heredity"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"predetermine",
"predetermine"
],
[
"trait",
"trait"
],
[
"phenotype",
"phenotype"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"genetics",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gjen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muwarriṯa",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُوَرِّثَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جِين"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "գեն"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hjen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "jin",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "জিন"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "boṅśanu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "বংশাণু"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tsudugodvnv nitsalisdodi",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ᏧᏚᎪᏛᏅ ᏂᏣᎵᏍᏙᏗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "ki-in",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "基因"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "遺傳子"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "ûi-thoân-chú",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "遗传子"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīyīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "基因"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geno"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ílega"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arvaeind"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geeni"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "perintötekijä"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "jéno"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gène"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xene"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "geni",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "გენი"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gonídio",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γονίδιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "janīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "જનીન"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גֶּן"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "जीन"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vañśāṇu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "वंशाणु"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pitraik",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "पित्रैक"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gén"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geno"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "géin"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"alt": "いでんし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "idenshi",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "遺伝子"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "vaṃśavāhi",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ವಂಶವಾಹಿ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kattaa bɑntɑɑ puu cɔɔ",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "កត្តាបន្តពូជ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "zaen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ហ្សែន"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "សែន"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yujeonja",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "유전자"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ka la la",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ກະລະລະ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "genum"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "kobóta"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "genas"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "jīṉ",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ജീൻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gēn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ᠭᠧᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "vaṅśāṇu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "वंशाणु"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "žen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ژن"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "genă"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gine"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "jāna",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ජාන"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gén"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gene"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "hene"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "marapaṇu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "மரபணு"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "paramparai alaku",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Sri-Lanka"
],
"word": "பரம்பரை அலகு"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "janyuvu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "జన్యువు"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nùay pan-tú-gam",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "หน่วยพันธุกรรม"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spadkóvenʹ",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "спадко́вень"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جین"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "vārsā",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "وراثہ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "di tố"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gered"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "גען"
}
]
},
{
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"name": "Molecular biology",
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"Biology",
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"text": "A change in a gene is reflected in the protein or RNA molecule that it codes for.",
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},
{
"ref": "2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 7",
"text": "A length of DNA is divided into segments called chromosomes and shorter individual units called genes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein; locus."
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"id": "en-gene-en-noun-61kfVev7",
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"(molecular biology) A segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein; locus."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒiːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
},
{
"homophone": "Gene"
},
{
"homophone": "Jean"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gene.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-us-gene.ogg/En-us-gene.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-us-gene.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "jēn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
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}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English nouns",
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"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Rhymes:English/iːn",
"Rhymes:English/iːn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "control gene"
},
{
"word": "cream gene"
},
{
"word": "gene-altered"
},
{
"word": "gene bank"
},
{
"word": "gene cassette"
},
{
"word": "gene complex"
},
{
"word": "gene drive"
},
{
"word": "gene-engineered"
},
{
"word": "gene expression"
},
{
"word": "gene family"
},
{
"word": "gene flow"
},
{
"word": "gene frequency"
},
{
"word": "gene gun"
},
{
"word": "gene-manipulated"
},
{
"word": "gene-modified"
},
{
"word": "gene-napper"
},
{
"word": "gene pool"
},
{
"word": "gene product"
},
{
"word": "gene silencing"
},
{
"word": "gene-splicing"
},
{
"word": "gene splicing"
},
{
"word": "gene therapy"
},
{
"word": "genetic"
},
{
"word": "geneticist"
},
{
"word": "genetics"
},
{
"word": "gene transcription"
},
{
"word": "gene transfer"
},
{
"word": "gene trap"
},
{
"word": "genome"
},
{
"word": "genotype"
},
{
"word": "histocompatibility gene"
},
{
"word": "homeobox gene"
},
{
"word": "horizontal gene transfer"
},
{
"word": "hox gene"
},
{
"word": "jumping gene"
},
{
"word": "lateral gene transfer"
},
{
"word": "lethal gene"
},
{
"word": "marker gene"
},
{
"word": "oligogene"
},
{
"word": "pseudogene"
},
{
"word": "selfish gene"
},
{
"word": "suicide gene"
},
{
"word": "toll gene"
},
{
"word": "X-linked gene"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"expansion": "German Gen",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "grc",
"3": "γενεά",
"4": "",
"5": "generation, descent"
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"name": "der"
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{
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},
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{
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"4": "I come into being"
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by the Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication, from the last syllable of pangene.",
"forms": [
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"form": "genes",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "gene (plural genes)",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
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"word": "pangene"
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{
"word": "locus"
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{
"word": "allele"
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{
"word": "dominant"
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{
"word": "recessive"
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],
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"categories": [
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"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: cistron"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 10",
"text": "The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"biology",
"genetics",
"medicine",
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},
{
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"text": "A change in a gene is reflected in the protein or RNA molecule that it codes for.",
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"ref": "2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 7",
"text": "A length of DNA is divided into segments called chromosomes and shorter individual units called genes.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"homophone": "Jean"
},
{
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"tags": [
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{
"enpr": "jēn"
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"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gjen"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muwarriṯa",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُوَرِّثَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جِين"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "գեն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hjen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "jin",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "জিন"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "boṅśanu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "বংশাণু"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tsudugodvnv nitsalisdodi",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ᏧᏚᎪᏛᏅ ᏂᏣᎵᏍᏙᏗ"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "ki-in",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "基因"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "遺傳子"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "ûi-thoân-chú",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "遗传子"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīyīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "基因"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geen"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ílega"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arvaeind"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geeni"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "perintötekijä"
},
{
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "jéno"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gène"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xene"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "geni",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "გენი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gonídio",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γονίδιο"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "janīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "જનીન"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גֶּן"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "जीन"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vañśāṇu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "वंशाणु"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pitraik",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "पित्रैक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gén"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "geno"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "géin"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gene"
},
{
"alt": "いでんし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "idenshi",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "遺伝子"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "vaṃśavāhi",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ವಂಶವಾಹಿ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kattaa bɑntɑɑ puu cɔɔ",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "កត្តាបន្តពូជ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "zaen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ហ្សែន"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "សែន"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yujeonja",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "유전자"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ka la la",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ກະລະລະ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "genum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gēns"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "kobóta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "genas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "jīṉ",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ജീൻ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gēn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ᠭᠧᠨ"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "vaṅśāṇu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "वंशाणु"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "žen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ژن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gene"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "genă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gine"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "jāna",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ජාන"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gén"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gene"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "hene"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "marapaṇu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "மரபணு"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "paramparai alaku",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"Sri-Lanka"
],
"word": "பரம்பரை அலகு"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "janyuvu",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "జన్యువు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nùay pan-tú-gam",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "หน่วยพันธุกรรม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ген"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "spadkóvenʹ",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "спадко́вень"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jīn",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جین"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "vārsā",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "وراثہ"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gen"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "di tố"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "gered"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gen",
"sense": "unit of heredity",
"word": "גען"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen"
],
"word": "gene"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.