See past tense on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "past tenses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "past tense (plural past tenses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tenses",
"orig": "en:Tenses",
"parents": [
"Grammar",
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Tomoko Koneko, “The Use of Past Tense Forms by Japanese Learners of English”, in Junsaku Nakamura, Nagayuki Inoue, Tomoji Tabata, editors, English Corpora under Japanese Eyes, Rodopi, page 215:",
"text": "This is a report on a study of the use of the past tense forms in the 53 Japanese samples compiled for the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) project.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Eric W. Vogt, Practice Makes Perfect: Spanish Past-Tense Verbs Up Close, McGraw Hill, page v:",
"text": "As you have studied Spanish, you have probably had the feeling that there are just too many past tenses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Robert I. Binnick, The Past Tenses of the Mongolian Verb, BRILL, page 1:",
"text": "Some members of the [Mongolic language] family have three or more different affixes which seem to be markers of the past tense, so that in Khalkha, for example, irev, irjee, irlee, and irsen all can translate, and be translated by, the English past tense verb came.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"id": "en-past_tense-en-noun-hVXRaIGm",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"transaction",
"transaction"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
],
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "be"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "was"
},
{
"word": "were"
},
{
"word": "aorist"
},
{
"word": "past continuous"
},
{
"word": "past indicative"
},
{
"word": "past perfect"
},
{
"word": "past perfect continuous"
},
{
"word": "past subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "preterite"
}
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "verlede tyd"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kohë e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine"
],
"word": "koha e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fiʕl māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فِعْل مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-fiʕl al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْفِعْل الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal žamanak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ ժամանակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ütkən zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "lehenaldi"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "minúly čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "міну́лы час"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "otit kal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "অতীত কাল"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amzer-dremenet"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínalo vréme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ми́нало вре́ме"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"roman": "üngerhen sag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үнгэрһэн саг"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "mynulŷj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "минулый час"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretèrit"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shítài",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時態 /过去时态"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去式 /过去式"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshí",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時 /过去时"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去式 /过去式"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "irtnĕ văh̬ăt",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "иртнӗ вӑхӑт"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçken zaman"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "minulý čas"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "præteritum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verleden tijd"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "minevik"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tátíð"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "imperfekti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kertoma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "namq̇o",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ნამყო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vergangenheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"preterite"
],
"word": "Präteritum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aóristos",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αόριστος"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bhūtkāḷ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ભૂતકાળ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūtkāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूतकाल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūt kāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूत काल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माज़ी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "múlt idő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "þátíð"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kala lampau"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passato"
},
{
"alt": "かこじせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako jisei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時制"
},
{
"alt": "かこけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakokei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去形"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "öñgrsn tsag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өңгрсн цаг"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ötken şaq",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткен шақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼtəytaʼkaal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "អតីតកាល"
},
{
"alt": "過去時制",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageosije",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거시제"
},
{
"alt": "過去形",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageohyeong",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거형"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "getgen zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гетген заман"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ötkön cak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткөн чак"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tempus praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pagātnes laiks"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pagātne"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "būtasis laikas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "minato vreme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "минато време"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "masa lampau"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "bhūtakālaṁ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ഭൂതകാലം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "wāmua"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "öngörsön cag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "өнгөрсөн цаг"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "tʼáá íídą́ą́ʼ"
},
{
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "ozgan zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "озган заман"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forþġewiten tīd"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâzi",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "zamân-e gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "زَمانِ گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czas przeszły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "timp trecut"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prošédšeje vrémja",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "проше́дшее вре́мя"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràth caithte"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло време"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло вријеме"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vreme"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vrijeme"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "ertken tem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен тем"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "minulý čas"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "préteritum"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preteklik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretekli čas"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "ötkön öy",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ӧткӧн ӧй"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiempo pasado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "dåtid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förfluten tid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfekt"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pangnagdaan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "naganap"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zamon-i guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "замони гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "moz-i",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "мози"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ütkän zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bhūtakālamu",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "భూతకాలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit-dtà-gaan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "อดีตกาล"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "'das pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "འདས་པ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "geçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "öten zaman"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ertken üe",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен үе"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ortćem dyr",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ортчем дыр"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mynúlyj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мину́лий час"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "zamāna-yi māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زَمانَۂ ماضی"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ötken zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ئۆتكەن زامان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "oʻtgan zamon"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thời quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thì quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amser gorffennol"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "doetiid"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "aaspıt kem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ааспыт кэм"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"past tense"
]
}
],
"word": "past tense"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "past tenses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "past tense (plural past tenses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "be"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "was"
},
{
"word": "were"
},
{
"word": "aorist"
},
{
"word": "past continuous"
},
{
"word": "past indicative"
},
{
"word": "past perfect"
},
{
"word": "past perfect continuous"
},
{
"word": "past subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "preterite"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Kumyk terms with redundant transliterations",
"Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Buryat translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chuvash translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gujarati translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kumyk translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nogai translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shor translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"en:Grammar",
"en:Tenses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Tomoko Koneko, “The Use of Past Tense Forms by Japanese Learners of English”, in Junsaku Nakamura, Nagayuki Inoue, Tomoji Tabata, editors, English Corpora under Japanese Eyes, Rodopi, page 215:",
"text": "This is a report on a study of the use of the past tense forms in the 53 Japanese samples compiled for the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) project.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Eric W. Vogt, Practice Makes Perfect: Spanish Past-Tense Verbs Up Close, McGraw Hill, page v:",
"text": "As you have studied Spanish, you have probably had the feeling that there are just too many past tenses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Robert I. Binnick, The Past Tenses of the Mongolian Verb, BRILL, page 1:",
"text": "Some members of the [Mongolic language] family have three or more different affixes which seem to be markers of the past tense, so that in Khalkha, for example, irev, irjee, irlee, and irsen all can translate, and be translated by, the English past tense verb came.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"transaction",
"transaction"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
],
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"past tense"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "verlede tyd"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kohë e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine"
],
"word": "koha e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fiʕl māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فِعْل مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-fiʕl al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْفِعْل الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal žamanak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ ժամանակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ütkən zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "lehenaldi"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "minúly čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "міну́лы час"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "otit kal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "অতীত কাল"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amzer-dremenet"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínalo vréme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ми́нало вре́ме"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"roman": "üngerhen sag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үнгэрһэн саг"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "mynulŷj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "минулый час"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretèrit"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shítài",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時態 /过去时态"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去式 /过去式"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshí",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時 /过去时"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去式 /过去式"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "irtnĕ văh̬ăt",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "иртнӗ вӑхӑт"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçken zaman"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "minulý čas"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "præteritum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verleden tijd"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "minevik"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tátíð"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "imperfekti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kertoma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "namq̇o",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ნამყო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vergangenheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"preterite"
],
"word": "Präteritum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aóristos",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αόριστος"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bhūtkāḷ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ભૂતકાળ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūtkāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूतकाल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūt kāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूत काल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माज़ी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "múlt idő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "þátíð"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kala lampau"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passato"
},
{
"alt": "かこじせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako jisei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時制"
},
{
"alt": "かこけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakokei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去形"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "öñgrsn tsag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өңгрсн цаг"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ötken şaq",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткен шақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼtəytaʼkaal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "អតីតកាល"
},
{
"alt": "過去時制",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageosije",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거시제"
},
{
"alt": "過去形",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageohyeong",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거형"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "getgen zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гетген заман"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ötkön cak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткөн чак"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tempus praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pagātnes laiks"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pagātne"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "būtasis laikas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "minato vreme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "минато време"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "masa lampau"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "bhūtakālaṁ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ഭൂതകാലം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "wāmua"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "öngörsön cag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "өнгөрсөн цаг"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "tʼáá íídą́ą́ʼ"
},
{
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "ozgan zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "озган заман"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forþġewiten tīd"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâzi",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "zamân-e gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "زَمانِ گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czas przeszły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "timp trecut"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prošédšeje vrémja",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "проше́дшее вре́мя"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràth caithte"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло време"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло вријеме"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vreme"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vrijeme"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "ertken tem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен тем"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "minulý čas"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "préteritum"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preteklik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretekli čas"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "ötkön öy",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ӧткӧн ӧй"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiempo pasado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "dåtid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förfluten tid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfekt"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pangnagdaan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "naganap"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zamon-i guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "замони гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "moz-i",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "мози"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ütkän zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bhūtakālamu",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "భూతకాలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit-dtà-gaan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "อดีตกาล"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "'das pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "འདས་པ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "geçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "öten zaman"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ertken üe",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен үе"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ortćem dyr",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ортчем дыр"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mynúlyj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мину́лий час"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "zamāna-yi māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زَمانَۂ ماضی"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ötken zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ئۆتكەن زامان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "oʻtgan zamon"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thời quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thì quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amser gorffennol"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "doetiid"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "aaspıt kem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ааспыт кэм"
}
],
"word": "past tense"
}
Download raw JSONL data for past tense meaning in All languages combined (19.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.