See past tense on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for past tense meaning in All languages combined (17.5kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "past tenses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "past tense (plural past tenses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kumyk terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tenses",
"orig": "en:Tenses",
"parents": [
"Grammar",
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Tomoko Koneko, “The Use of Past Tense Forms by Japanese Learners of English”, in Junsaku Nakamura, Nagayuki Inoue, Tomoji Tabata, editors, English Corpora under Japanese Eyes, Rodopi, page 215",
"text": "This is a report on a study of the use of the past tense forms in the 53 Japanese samples compiled for the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) project.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Eric W. Vogt, Practice Makes Perfect: Spanish Past-Tense Verbs Up Close, McGraw Hill, page v",
"text": "As you have studied Spanish, you have probably had the feeling that there are just too many past tenses.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Robert I. Binnick, The Past Tenses of the Mongolian Verb, BRILL, page 1",
"text": "Some members of the [Mongolic language] family have three or more different affixes which seem to be markers of the past tense, so that in Khalkha, for example, irev, irjee, irlee, and irsen all can translate, and be translated by, the English past tense verb came.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"id": "en-past_tense-en-noun-hVXRaIGm",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"transaction",
"transaction"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
],
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "be"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "was"
},
{
"word": "were"
},
{
"word": "aorist"
},
{
"word": "past continuous"
},
{
"word": "past indicative"
},
{
"word": "past perfect"
},
{
"word": "past perfect continuous"
},
{
"word": "past subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "preterite"
}
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "verlede tyd"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kohë e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine"
],
"word": "koha e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fiʕl māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فِعْل مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-fiʕl al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْفِعْل الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal žamanak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ ժամանակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ütkən zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "lehenaldi"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "minúly čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "міну́лы час"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "otit kal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "অতীত কাল"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amzer-dremenet"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínalo vréme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ми́нало вре́ме"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"roman": "üngerhen sag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үнгэрһэн саг"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "mynulŷj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "минулый час"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretèrit"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時態"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shítài",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去时态"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去式"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去式"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshí",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去时"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去式"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "irtnĕ văh̬ăt",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "иртнӗ вӑхӑт"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçken zaman"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "minulý čas"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "præteritum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verleden tijd"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "minevik"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tátíð"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "imperfekti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kertoma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "namq̇o",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ნამყო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vergangenheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"preterite"
],
"word": "Präteritum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aóristos",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αόριστος"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bhūtkāḷ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ભૂતકાળ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūtkāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूतकाल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūt kāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूत काल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माज़ी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "múlt idő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "þátíð"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kala lampau"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passato"
},
{
"alt": "かこじせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako jisei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時制"
},
{
"alt": "かこけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakokei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去形"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "öñgrsn tsag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өңгрсн цаг"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ötken şaq",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткен шақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼtəytaʼkaal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "អតីតកាល"
},
{
"alt": "過去時制",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageosije",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거시제"
},
{
"alt": "過去形",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageohyeong",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거형"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "getgen zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гетген заман"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ötkön cak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткөн чак"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tempus praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pagātnes laiks"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pagātne"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "būtasis laikas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "minato vreme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "минато време"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "masa lampau"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "bhūtakālaṁ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ഭൂതകാലം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "wāmua"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "öngörsön cag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "өнгөрсөн цаг"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "tʼáá íídą́ą́ʼ"
},
{
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "ozgan zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "озган заман"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâzi",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "zamân-e gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "زَمانِ گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czas przeszły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "timp trecut"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prošédšeje vrémja",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "проше́дшее вре́мя"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràth caithte"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло време"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло вријеме"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vreme"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vrijeme"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "ertken tem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен тем"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preteklik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretekli čas"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "ötkön öy",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ӧткӧн ӧй"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiempo pasado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "dåtid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förfluten tid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfekt"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pangnagdaan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "naganap"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zamoni guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "замони гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "mozi",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "мози"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ütkän zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bhūtakālamu",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "భూతకాలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit-dtà-gaan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "อดีตกาล"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "'das pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "འདས་པ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "geçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "öten zaman"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ertken üe",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен үе"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ortćem dyr",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ортчем дыр"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mynúlyj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мину́лий час"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ötken zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ئۆتكەن زامان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "oʻtgan zamon"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thời quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thì quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amser gorffennol"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "doetiid"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "aaspıt kem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ааспыт кэм"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"past tense"
]
}
],
"word": "past tense"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "past tenses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "past tense (plural past tenses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "be"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "was"
},
{
"word": "were"
},
{
"word": "aorist"
},
{
"word": "past continuous"
},
{
"word": "past indicative"
},
{
"word": "past perfect"
},
{
"word": "past perfect continuous"
},
{
"word": "past subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "preterite"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English terms with quotations",
"Kumyk terms with redundant transliterations",
"Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"en:Grammar",
"en:Tenses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Tomoko Koneko, “The Use of Past Tense Forms by Japanese Learners of English”, in Junsaku Nakamura, Nagayuki Inoue, Tomoji Tabata, editors, English Corpora under Japanese Eyes, Rodopi, page 215",
"text": "This is a report on a study of the use of the past tense forms in the 53 Japanese samples compiled for the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) project.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Eric W. Vogt, Practice Makes Perfect: Spanish Past-Tense Verbs Up Close, McGraw Hill, page v",
"text": "As you have studied Spanish, you have probably had the feeling that there are just too many past tenses.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Robert I. Binnick, The Past Tenses of the Mongolian Verb, BRILL, page 1",
"text": "Some members of the [Mongolic language] family have three or more different affixes which seem to be markers of the past tense, so that in Khalkha, for example, irev, irjee, irlee, and irsen all can translate, and be translated by, the English past tense verb came.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"transaction",
"transaction"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
],
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time)."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"past tense"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "verlede tyd"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kohë e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine"
],
"word": "koha e shkuar"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fiʕl māḍin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فِعْل مَاضٍ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-fiʕl al-māḍī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْفِعْل الْمَاضِي"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal žamanak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ ժամանակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ancʻyal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "անցյալ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ütkən zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "lehenaldi"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "minúly čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "міну́лы час"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "otit kal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "অতীত কাল"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amzer-dremenet"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínalo vréme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ми́нало вре́ме"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"roman": "üngerhen sag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үнгэрһэн саг"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "mynulŷj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "минулый час"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretèrit"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時態"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shítài",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去时态"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去式"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqù shì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去式"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshí",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去时"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去式"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòqùshì",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "过去式"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "irtnĕ văh̬ăt",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "иртнӗ вӑхӑт"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "keçken zaman"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "minulý čas"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "præteritum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verleden tijd"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "minevik"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tátíð"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "imperfekti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kertoma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "namq̇o",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ნამყო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vergangenheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"preterite"
],
"word": "Präteritum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aóristos",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αόριστος"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bhūtkāḷ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ભૂતકાળ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūtkāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूतकाल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūt kāl",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूत काल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माज़ी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "múlt idő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "þátíð"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "kala lampau"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passato"
},
{
"alt": "かこじせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kako jisei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去時制"
},
{
"alt": "かこけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakokei",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "過去形"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "öñgrsn tsag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өңгрсн цаг"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ötken şaq",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткен шақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼtəytaʼkaal",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "អតីតកាល"
},
{
"alt": "過去時制",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageosije",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거시제"
},
{
"alt": "過去形",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwageohyeong",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "과거형"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "getgen zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гетген заман"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ötkön cak",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "өткөн чак"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tempus praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "praeteritum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pagātnes laiks"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pagātne"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "būtasis laikas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "minato vreme",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "минато време"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "masa lampau"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "bhūtakālaṁ",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ഭൂതകാലം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "wāmua"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "öngörsön cag",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "өнгөрсөн цаг"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "tʼáá íídą́ą́ʼ"
},
{
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "ozgan zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "озган заман"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "datid"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâzi",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "zamân-e gozašte",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "زَمانِ گُذَشْتِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czas przeszły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "timp trecut"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prošédšeje vrémja",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "проше́дшее вре́мя"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràth caithte"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло време"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прошло вријеме"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vreme"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prošlo vrijeme"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "ertken tem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен тем"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preteklik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pretekli čas"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "ötkön öy",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ӧткӧн ӧй"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiempo pasado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pretérito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "preteritum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "dåtid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förfluten tid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfekt"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "pangnagdaan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "naganap"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zamoni guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "замони гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "guzašta",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "гузашта"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "mozi",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "мози"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ütkän zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "үткән заман"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bhūtakālamu",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "భూతకాలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit-dtà-gaan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "อดีตกาล"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "'das pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "འདས་པ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "geçmiş zaman"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "öten zaman"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ertken üe",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "эрткен үе"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ortćem dyr",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ортчем дыр"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mynúlyj čas",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мину́лий час"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "māzī",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ماضی"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ötken zaman",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ئۆتكەن زامان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "oʻtgan zamon"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thời quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "thì quá khứ"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amser gorffennol"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "doetiid"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "aaspıt kem",
"sense": "grammatical form",
"word": "ааспыт кэм"
}
],
"word": "past tense"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.