See flail on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for flail meaning in All languages combined (33.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "flail chest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "flail tank"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mine flail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "flayle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flayle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "fleil",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleyl"
},
"expansion": "fleyl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleȝȝl"
},
"expansion": "fleȝȝl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fligel"
},
"expansion": "Old English fligel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "*flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flail",
"t": "a thresher's flail"
},
"expansion": "Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fleil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "flaaiel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "flaaiel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vlegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vlegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "German Flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flagilaz",
"t": "whip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flah-",
"t": "to whip, beat"
},
"expansion": "*flah- (“to whip, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂k-",
"t": "to beat, hit, strike; weep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "flaga",
"t": "sudden attack, bout"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plàkti",
"t": "to whip, lash, flog"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληγνύναι",
"t": "strike, hit, encounter"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plangō",
"t": "lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast"
},
"expansion": "Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"pos": "instrumental suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flag"
},
"expansion": "English flag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flack"
},
"expansion": "flack",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flacker"
},
"expansion": "flacker",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "flagellum",
"t": "winnowing tool, thresher"
},
"expansion": "Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flagrum",
"t": "scourge, whip"
},
"expansion": "flagrum (“scourge, whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰlag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰlaǵ-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "*bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "blekkja",
"t": "to beat, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "flael",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Old French flael (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "flayea",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Walloon flayea (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "flagello",
"3": "",
"4": "scourge, whip, plague"
},
"expansion": "Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Frisian fleil, flaaiel (“flail”), Dutch vlegel (“flail”), German Flegel (“flail”). Possibly a native Germanic word from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”), from Proto-Germanic *flag-, *flah- (“to whip, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”); compare Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”), Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”), Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”), Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). If so, related also to English flag, flack, flacker.\nAlternatively, Proto-West Germanic *flagil may be an early borrowing of Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”), diminutive of flagrum (“scourge, whip”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-, *bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”); compare Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”). Compare also Old French flael (“flail”), Walloon flayea (“flail”) (locally pronounced \"flai\"), Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flail (plural flails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 3 5 27 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 6 17 26 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 5 9 26 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 5 7 24 9 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 6 18 11 10 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 14 16 20 4 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1631, John Milton, L'Allegro",
"text": "When in one night, ere glimpse of morn,\nHis shadowy flail hath threshed the corn\nThat ten day-labourers could not end;",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1816, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan",
"roman": "Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail",
"text": "Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Slave in the Dismal Swamp",
"text": "On him alone the curse of Cain\nFell, like a flail on the garnered grain,\nAnd struck him to the earth!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1879, Henry George, chapter V, in Progress and Poverty",
"text": "If the farmer must use the spade because he has not capital enough for a plough, the sickle instead of the reaping machine, the flail instead of the thresher...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tool used for threshing, consisting of a long handle (handstock) with a shorter stick (swipple or swingle) attached with a short piece of chain, thong or similar material."
],
"id": "en-flail-en-noun-pBJj9gNW",
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
],
[
"swipple",
"swipple"
],
[
"swingle",
"swingle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frail"
},
{
"word": "thrashel"
},
{
"word": "threshel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cep",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цэп"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "freilh"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cep",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цеп"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "batolles"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "連枷"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liánjiā",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "连枷"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiā",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "枷"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiā",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "耞"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frazial"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "plejl"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vlegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dorsvlegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "draŝilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "varsta"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fléau"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mal"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manlle"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manle"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Flegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dreschflegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kópanos",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόπανος"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "cséphadaró"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "súiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "correggiato"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "からざお, karazao, からさお, karasao",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "唐棹"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "vartan",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "вартан"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pertica trituaria"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sprigulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čúkalo",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чу́кало"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vršilka",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вршилка"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "karawhiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "sapondo",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "сапондо"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "sepandy",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "сепанды"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "fleyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "döğen, düğen, döven, düven",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "دوگن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangual"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malho"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "îmblăciu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "squassuir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagè"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "cep",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цеп"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "це̑п"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мла̑т"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cȇp"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mlȃt"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cepec"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "cepy"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mayal"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "slaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "tiyuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "azduz"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "kutes",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "кутэс"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cip",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ціп"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flayea"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffust"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: nunchaku"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A weapon which has the (usually spherical) striking part attached to the handle with a flexible joint such as a chain."
],
"id": "en-flail-en-noun-4C3etQhx",
"links": [
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
],
[
"spherical",
"spherical"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "əmud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "freilh-brezel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mlatílo",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "млати́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "連枷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liánjiā",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "连枷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "řemdih"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kampplejl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stridsplejl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strijdvlegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "ketjukuulanuija"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fléau d’armes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "laxṭi",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "ლახტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Flegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streitflegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kriegsflegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "láncos buzogány"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "súiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mazzafrusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fureiru",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "フレイル"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"alt": "れんせつこん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rensetsukon",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "連接棍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"alt": "れんせつこんぼう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rensetsu konbō",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "連接棍棒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tritorium bellicum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mlat",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "млат"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čúkalo",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чу́кало"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâlix",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "سالیخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep bojowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiścień"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangual"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "buzdugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kisténʹ",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кисте́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мла̀тило"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мла̑т"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "mlàtilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mlȃt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "remdik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "řemdih"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mlat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mayal de armas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "stridsgissel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stridsslaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "azduz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gürz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyrnflaidd"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fleɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɹeɪl/",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg/En-us-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg/En-au-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "flail"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flail about"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "flayle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flayle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "fleil",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleyl"
},
"expansion": "fleyl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleȝȝl"
},
"expansion": "fleȝȝl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fligel"
},
"expansion": "Old English fligel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "*flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flail",
"t": "a thresher's flail"
},
"expansion": "Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fleil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "flaaiel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "flaaiel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vlegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vlegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "German Flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flagilaz",
"t": "whip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flah-",
"t": "to whip, beat"
},
"expansion": "*flah- (“to whip, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂k-",
"t": "to beat, hit, strike; weep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "flaga",
"t": "sudden attack, bout"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plàkti",
"t": "to whip, lash, flog"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληγνύναι",
"t": "strike, hit, encounter"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plangō",
"t": "lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast"
},
"expansion": "Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"pos": "instrumental suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flag"
},
"expansion": "English flag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flack"
},
"expansion": "flack",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flacker"
},
"expansion": "flacker",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "flagellum",
"t": "winnowing tool, thresher"
},
"expansion": "Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flagrum",
"t": "scourge, whip"
},
"expansion": "flagrum (“scourge, whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰlag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰlaǵ-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "*bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "blekkja",
"t": "to beat, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "flael",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Old French flael (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "flayea",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Walloon flayea (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "flagello",
"3": "",
"4": "scourge, whip, plague"
},
"expansion": "Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Frisian fleil, flaaiel (“flail”), Dutch vlegel (“flail”), German Flegel (“flail”). Possibly a native Germanic word from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”), from Proto-Germanic *flag-, *flah- (“to whip, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”); compare Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”), Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”), Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”), Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). If so, related also to English flag, flack, flacker.\nAlternatively, Proto-West Germanic *flagil may be an early borrowing of Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”), diminutive of flagrum (“scourge, whip”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-, *bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”); compare Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”). Compare also Old French flael (“flail”), Walloon flayea (“flail”) (locally pronounced \"flai\"), Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "flailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "flailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "flailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flail (third-person singular simple present flails, present participle flailing, simple past and past participle flailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To beat using a flail or similar implement."
],
"id": "en-flail-en-verb-HUh6CT2I",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To beat using a flail or similar implement."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 October 20, Michael da Silva, “Stoke 3 - 0 Macc Tel-Aviv”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Tangling with Ziv, Cameron caught him with a flailing elbow, causing the Israeli defender to go down a little easily. However, the referee was in no doubt, much to the displeasure of the home fans.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1937, H. P. Lovecraft, The Evil Clergyman",
"text": "He stopped in his tracks – then, flailing his arms wildly in the air, began to stagger backwards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wave or swing vigorously"
],
"id": "en-flail-en-verb-0QV76UBm",
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"swing",
"swing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wave or swing vigorously"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thrash"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "barakti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "huitoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "viuhtoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "puida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "se débattre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "wild um sich schlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sfadázo",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "σφαδάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "hadonászik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "csapkod"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "vagdalkozik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmáxivatʹ",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разма́хивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "maxátʹ",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "маха́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "размахи́вати"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "млата̀рати"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "razmahívati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "mlatàrati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "sacudirse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "agitarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "debatirse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "fäkta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "vifta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To thresh."
],
"id": "en-flail-en-verb-Rx7OsrVM",
"links": [
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To thresh."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎršeja rǎčno",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "вършея ръчно"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "dorsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "draŝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "puida"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "battre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "passer à tabac"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "rosser"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "mallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "dreschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "csépel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajikeru",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "弾ける"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vrši",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "врши"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mláti",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "мла́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "malhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "debulhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "espalhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molotítʹ",
"sense": "to thresh",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "молоти́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to thresh",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "мла́тити"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to thresh",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "mlátiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "desgranar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 12 87 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "tröska"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was flailing wildly, but didn't land a blow.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 46",
"text": "Undismayed he continued to flail with the broken half of it, denting many a helmet[.]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move like a flail."
],
"id": "en-flail-en-verb-uT8u9s3Z",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move like a flail."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fleɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɹeɪl/",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg/En-us-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg/En-au-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "flail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Tools",
"en:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "flail chest"
},
{
"word": "flail tank"
},
{
"word": "mine flail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "flayle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flayle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "fleil",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleyl"
},
"expansion": "fleyl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleȝȝl"
},
"expansion": "fleȝȝl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fligel"
},
"expansion": "Old English fligel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "*flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flail",
"t": "a thresher's flail"
},
"expansion": "Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fleil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "flaaiel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "flaaiel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vlegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vlegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "German Flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flagilaz",
"t": "whip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flah-",
"t": "to whip, beat"
},
"expansion": "*flah- (“to whip, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂k-",
"t": "to beat, hit, strike; weep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "flaga",
"t": "sudden attack, bout"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plàkti",
"t": "to whip, lash, flog"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληγνύναι",
"t": "strike, hit, encounter"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plangō",
"t": "lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast"
},
"expansion": "Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"pos": "instrumental suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flag"
},
"expansion": "English flag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flack"
},
"expansion": "flack",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flacker"
},
"expansion": "flacker",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "flagellum",
"t": "winnowing tool, thresher"
},
"expansion": "Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flagrum",
"t": "scourge, whip"
},
"expansion": "flagrum (“scourge, whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰlag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰlaǵ-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "*bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "blekkja",
"t": "to beat, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "flael",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Old French flael (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "flayea",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Walloon flayea (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "flagello",
"3": "",
"4": "scourge, whip, plague"
},
"expansion": "Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Frisian fleil, flaaiel (“flail”), Dutch vlegel (“flail”), German Flegel (“flail”). Possibly a native Germanic word from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”), from Proto-Germanic *flag-, *flah- (“to whip, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”); compare Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”), Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”), Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”), Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). If so, related also to English flag, flack, flacker.\nAlternatively, Proto-West Germanic *flagil may be an early borrowing of Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”), diminutive of flagrum (“scourge, whip”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-, *bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”); compare Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”). Compare also Old French flael (“flail”), Walloon flayea (“flail”) (locally pronounced \"flai\"), Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flail (plural flails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1631, John Milton, L'Allegro",
"text": "When in one night, ere glimpse of morn,\nHis shadowy flail hath threshed the corn\nThat ten day-labourers could not end;",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1816, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan",
"roman": "Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail",
"text": "Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Slave in the Dismal Swamp",
"text": "On him alone the curse of Cain\nFell, like a flail on the garnered grain,\nAnd struck him to the earth!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1879, Henry George, chapter V, in Progress and Poverty",
"text": "If the farmer must use the spade because he has not capital enough for a plough, the sickle instead of the reaping machine, the flail instead of the thresher...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tool used for threshing, consisting of a long handle (handstock) with a shorter stick (swipple or swingle) attached with a short piece of chain, thong or similar material."
],
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
],
[
"swipple",
"swipple"
],
[
"swingle",
"swingle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frail"
},
{
"word": "thrashel"
},
{
"word": "threshel"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: nunchaku"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A weapon which has the (usually spherical) striking part attached to the handle with a flexible joint such as a chain."
],
"links": [
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
],
[
"spherical",
"spherical"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fleɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɹeɪl/",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg/En-us-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg/En-au-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cep",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цэп"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "freilh"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cep",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цеп"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "batolles"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "連枷"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liánjiā",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "连枷"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiā",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "枷"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiā",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "耞"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frazial"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "plejl"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vlegel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dorsvlegel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "draŝilo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "varsta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fléau"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manlle"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manle"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Flegel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dreschflegel"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kópanos",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόπανος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "cséphadaró"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "súiste"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "correggiato"
},
{
"alt": "からざお, karazao, からさお, karasao",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "唐棹"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "vartan",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "вартан"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pertica trituaria"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sprigulis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čúkalo",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чу́кало"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vršilka",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вршилка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "karawhiu"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "sapondo",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "сапондо"
},
{
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "sepandy",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "сепанды"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "fleyl"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "döğen, düğen, döven, düven",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "دوگن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangual"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "îmblăciu"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "squassuir"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagè"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "cep",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цеп"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "це̑п"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мла̑т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cȇp"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mlȃt"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cepec"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "cepy"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mayal"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "slaga"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "tiyuka"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "azduz"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "kutes",
"sense": "tool",
"word": "кутэс"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cip",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ціп"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flayea"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffust"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "əmud"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "freilh-brezel"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mlatílo",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "млати́ло"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "連枷"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liánjiā",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "连枷"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "řemdih"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kampplejl"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stridsplejl"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strijdvlegel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "ketjukuulanuija"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fléau d’armes"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "laxṭi",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "ლახტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Flegel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streitflegel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kriegsflegel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "láncos buzogány"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "súiste"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mazzafrusto"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fureiru",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "フレイル"
},
{
"alt": "れんせつこん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rensetsukon",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "連接棍"
},
{
"alt": "れんせつこんぼう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rensetsu konbō",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "連接棍棒"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tritorium bellicum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mlat",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "млат"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čúkalo",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чу́кало"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâlix",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "سالیخ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cep bojowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiścień"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangual"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "buzdugan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kisténʹ",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кисте́нь"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мла̀тило"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мла̑т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "mlàtilo"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mlȃt"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "remdik"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "řemdih"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mlat"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mayal de armas"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "stridsgissel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stridsslaga"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "azduz"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gürz"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dyrnflaidd"
}
],
"word": "flail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Tools",
"en:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "flail about"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "flayle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flayle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "fleil",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleyl"
},
"expansion": "fleyl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fleȝȝl"
},
"expansion": "fleȝȝl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fligel"
},
"expansion": "Old English fligel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "*flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flail",
"t": "a thresher's flail"
},
"expansion": "Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fleil"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fleil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "flaaiel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "flaaiel (“flail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vlegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vlegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flegel",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "German Flegel (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flagilaz",
"t": "whip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*flag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flah-",
"t": "to whip, beat"
},
"expansion": "*flah- (“to whip, beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂k-",
"t": "to beat, hit, strike; weep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "flaga",
"t": "sudden attack, bout"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plàkti",
"t": "to whip, lash, flog"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληγνύναι",
"t": "strike, hit, encounter"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plangō",
"t": "lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast"
},
"expansion": "Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"pos": "instrumental suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flag"
},
"expansion": "English flag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flack"
},
"expansion": "flack",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flacker"
},
"expansion": "flacker",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*flagil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "flagellum",
"t": "winnowing tool, thresher"
},
"expansion": "Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flagrum",
"t": "scourge, whip"
},
"expansion": "flagrum (“scourge, whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰlag-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰlaǵ-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "*bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "blekkja",
"t": "to beat, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "flael",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Old French flael (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "flayea",
"t": "flail"
},
"expansion": "Walloon flayea (“flail”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "flagello",
"3": "",
"4": "scourge, whip, plague"
},
"expansion": "Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Frisian fleil, flaaiel (“flail”), Dutch vlegel (“flail”), German Flegel (“flail”). Possibly a native Germanic word from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”), from Proto-Germanic *flag-, *flah- (“to whip, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”); compare Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”), Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”), Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”), Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). If so, related also to English flag, flack, flacker.\nAlternatively, Proto-West Germanic *flagil may be an early borrowing of Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”), diminutive of flagrum (“scourge, whip”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-, *bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”); compare Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”). Compare also Old French flael (“flail”), Walloon flayea (“flail”) (locally pronounced \"flai\"), Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "flailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "flailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "flailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "flail (third-person singular simple present flails, present participle flailing, simple past and past participle flailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To beat using a flail or similar implement."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To beat using a flail or similar implement."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 October 20, Michael da Silva, “Stoke 3 - 0 Macc Tel-Aviv”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Tangling with Ziv, Cameron caught him with a flailing elbow, causing the Israeli defender to go down a little easily. However, the referee was in no doubt, much to the displeasure of the home fans.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1937, H. P. Lovecraft, The Evil Clergyman",
"text": "He stopped in his tracks – then, flailing his arms wildly in the air, began to stagger backwards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wave or swing vigorously"
],
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"swing",
"swing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wave or swing vigorously"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thrash"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To thresh."
],
"links": [
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To thresh."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was flailing wildly, but didn't land a blow.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 46",
"text": "Undismayed he continued to flail with the broken half of it, denting many a helmet[.]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move like a flail."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move like a flail."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fleɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɹeɪl/",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg/En-us-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-us-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-flail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg/En-au-flail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/En-au-flail.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "barakti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "huitoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "viuhtoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "puida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "se débattre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "wild um sich schlagen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sfadázo",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "σφαδάζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "hadonászik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "csapkod"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "vagdalkozik"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmáxivatʹ",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разма́хивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "maxátʹ",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "маха́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "размахи́вати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "млата̀рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "razmahívati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "mlatàrati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "sacudirse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "agitarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "debatirse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "fäkta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wave or swing vigorously",
"word": "vifta"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎršeja rǎčno",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "вършея ръчно"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "dorsen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "draŝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "puida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "battre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "passer à tabac"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "rosser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "mallar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "dreschen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "csépel"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajikeru",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "弾ける"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vrši",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "врши"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mláti",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "мла́ти"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "malhar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "debulhar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "espalhar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molotítʹ",
"sense": "to thresh",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "молоти́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to thresh",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "мла́тити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to thresh",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "mlátiti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "desgranar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to thresh",
"word": "tröska"
}
],
"word": "flail"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.