"abase" meaning in All languages combined

See abase on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /əˈbeɪs/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-us-abase.ogg , en-ca-abase.ogg , en-au-abase.ogg Forms: abases [present, singular, third-person], abasing [participle, present], abased [participle, past], abased [past]
Rhymes: -eɪs Etymology: From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base. There exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*gʷem-}}, {{inh|en|enm|abaishen}} Middle English abaishen, {{der|en|frm|abaisser}} Middle French abaisser, {{der|en|fro|abaissier}} Old French abaissier, {{cog|fro|esbahir||to amaze}} Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), {{cog|VL.|abbassiāre||to lower}} Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”), {{der|en|la|ad||toward, to}} Latin ad (“toward, to”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂éd||at, to}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”), {{der|en|ML.|bassus||short of stature, low; base}} Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), {{der|en|grc|βᾰ́σῐς||foot; base, foundation}} Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʷem-||to step}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”), {{prefix|en|a|base|gloss1=towards}} a- (“towards”) + base, {{cog|ca|abaixar||lower; abase}} Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”), {{cog|oc|abaissar}} Occitan abaissar, {{cog|es|abajo||down, downstairs; below}} Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} abase (third-person singular simple present abases, present participle abasing, simple past and past participle abased)
  1. (transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. Tags: transitive Synonyms (to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings): degrade, demean, depress, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, humble, humiliate, sink Translations (to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings): ذَلّ (ḏall) (Arabic), ذل (zall) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), унижа́вам (unižávam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), понижа́вам (ponižávam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), humiliar (Catalan), 羞辱 (xiūrǔ) (Chinese Mandarin), 貶低 (Chinese Mandarin), 贬低 (biǎndī) (Chinese Mandarin), ponížit [perfective] (Czech), pokořit [perfective] (Czech), ydmyge (Danish), vernederen (Dutch), kleineren (Dutch), alentaa (note: in rank) (Finnish), nöyryyttää (english: to hurt) (Finnish), baisser (French), abaisser (French), rabaisser (French), humilier (French), rebaixar (Galician), erniedrigen (German), 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (haunjan) (Gothic), εξευτελίζω (exeftelízo) (Greek), auðmýkja (Icelandic), niðurlægja (Icelandic), abasar (Ido), abassar (Interlingua), uirísligh (Irish), degradare (Italian), umiliare (Italian), abbassare (Italian), 卑しめる (iyashimeru) (Japanese), 貶める (otoshimeru) (Japanese), 格下げする (kakusage suru) (Japanese), 卑下する (hige suru) (Japanese), 낮추다 (natchuda) (Korean), пони́зува (ponízuva) [imperfective] (Macedonian), injillee (Manx), whakapāpaku (Maori), fornedre (Norwegian), ydmyke (Norwegian), rebaixar (Portuguese), humilhar (Portuguese), abater (Portuguese), abaixar (Portuguese), umili (Romanian), înjosi (Romanian), унижа́ть (unižátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), уни́зить (unízitʹ) [perfective] (Russian), fa'amaulalo (Samoan), rebajar (Spanish), degradar (Spanish), humillar (Spanish), darostwng (Welsh), iselhau (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-abase-en-verb-i6G-EbzS Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with a-, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Gothic translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hokkien translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Interlingua translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Manx translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Samoan translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 53 33 13 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with a-: 32 40 27 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 59 24 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 72 17 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 73 16 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 66 26 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 70 22 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 76 16 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 76 17 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 68 19 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations: 68 24 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 65 23 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 74 15 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Gothic translations: 63 31 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 55 25 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hokkien translations: 78 13 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 78 14 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Interlingua translations: 81 12 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 70 21 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 76 15 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 76 15 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 73 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 70 15 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Manx translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 71 20 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 64 28 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 72 19 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 76 15 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Samoan translations: 73 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 72 17 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 73 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 68 19 13 Disambiguation of 'to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings': 90 6 4 Disambiguation of 'to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings': 90 6 4
  2. (transitive, archaic) To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop. Tags: archaic, transitive Synonyms (to lower physically): bring down, lower, reduce Translations (to lower physically): 降低 (zh-min-nan) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 降低 (jiàngdī) (Chinese Mandarin), neerhalen (Dutch), strijken (Dutch), laskea (Finnish), alentaa (Finnish), abbassare (Italian), 下げる (sageru) (Japanese), whakapāpaku (Maori)
    Sense id: en-abase-en-verb-S1B~G2bJ Categories (other): English terms with collocations, English terms prefixed with a- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with a-: 32 40 27 Disambiguation of 'to lower physically': 12 80 7 Disambiguation of 'to lower physically': 12 80 7
  3. (transitive, obsolete) To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase. Tags: obsolete, transitive Synonyms (to lower in value): downgrade
    Sense id: en-abase-en-verb-hbAaYaAu Categories (other): English terms prefixed with a- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with a-: 32 40 27 Disambiguation of 'to lower in value': 21 11 68
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: abasedly, abasement, abaser Related terms: abash, base

Interjection [Ido]

IPA: /aˈba.se/
Etymology: From abas + -e. Etymology templates: {{suf|io|abas|e<id:adverb>}} abas + -e Head templates: {{head|io|interjection}} abase
  1. down with
    Sense id: en-abase-io-intj-szeUiZeO Categories (other): Ido entries with incorrect language header, Ido terms suffixed with -e (adverb), Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Verb [Scots]

Head templates: {{head|sco|verb}} abase
  1. Alternative form of abuise Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: abuise
    Sense id: en-abase-sco-verb-mFCGLCPZ Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Scots entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "aggrandise"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "dignify"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "elevate"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "exalt"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "extol"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "honor"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "promote"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "raise"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "uplift"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "abasedly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "abasement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "abaser"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷem-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "abaishen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English abaishen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "abaisser"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French abaisser",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "abaissier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French abaissier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "esbahir",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to amaze"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esbahir (“to amaze”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "VL.",
        "2": "abbassiāre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lower"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ad",
        "4": "",
        "5": "toward, to"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ad (“toward, to”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂éd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "at, to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "bassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "short of stature, low; base"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "βᾰ́σῐς",
        "4": "",
        "5": "foot; base, foundation"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷem-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to step"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "base",
        "gloss1": "towards"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (“towards”) + base",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "abaixar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower; abase"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "abaissar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan abaissar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "abajo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "down, downstairs; below"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base.\nThere exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abases",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abasing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abased",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abased",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "abase (third-person singular simple present abases, present participle abasing, simple past and past participle abased)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "abash"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "base"
    }
  ],
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 14:11:",
          "text": "For whoſoeuer exalteth himſelfe ſhalbe abaſed: and hee that humbleth himſelfe, ſhalbe exalted.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1657, John Ball, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […], 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], →OCLC, page 106:",
          "text": "Our adverſaries object againe, that by praying that Chriſts merits may be made ours in particular, we greatly abaſe them. As though the Prophet David did abaſe God in making him his in particular, ſaying, the Lord is my rock, my fortreſſe, my God, and my ſtrength, my ſhield, the horne of my ſalvation, and my refuge: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1868 December, T. W., “Lao-Tzu. 老子: A Study in Chinese Philosophy.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume I, number 8, Foochow: Printed by Rozario, Marçal & Co., →OCLC, chapter VI (Politics), page 158, column 2:",
          "text": "When a large kingdom abases itself to a small principality, it acquires that principality, and when a small state abases itself to a large one, it obtains service (or protection) under the large one. It is for this purpose that the small state submits, and the large kingdom annexes the small states for the purpose of uniting and maintaining the people.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate."
      ],
      "id": "en-abase-en-verb-i6G-EbzS",
      "links": [
        [
          "lower",
          "lower#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ],
        [
          "office",
          "office"
        ],
        [
          "rank",
          "rank#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "feelings",
          "feelings"
        ],
        [
          "degrade",
          "degrade"
        ],
        [
          "depress",
          "depress"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "humiliate",
          "humiliate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "degrade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "demean"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "depress"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "discredit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "disgrace"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "dishonor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "humble"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "humiliate"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "sink"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḏall",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "ذَلّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "arz",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "zall",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "ذل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "unižávam",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "унижа́вам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ponižávam",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "понижа́вам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "humiliar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiūrǔ",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "羞辱"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "貶低"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "biǎndī",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "贬低"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "ponížit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "pokořit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "ydmyge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "vernederen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "kleineren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "note": "in rank",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "alentaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "to hurt",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "nöyryyttää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "baisser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "abaisser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "rabaisser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "humilier"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "rebaixar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "erniedrigen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "haunjan",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "exeftelízo",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "εξευτελίζω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "auðmýkja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "niðurlægja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "abasar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "abassar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "uirísligh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "degradare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "umiliare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "abbassare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "iyashimeru",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "卑しめる"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "otoshimeru",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "貶める"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kakusage suru",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "格下げする"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hige suru",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "卑下する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "natchuda",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "낮추다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ponízuva",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "пони́зува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "injillee"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "whakapāpaku"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "fornedre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "ydmyke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "rebaixar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "humilhar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "abater"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "abaixar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "umili"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "înjosi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "unižátʹ",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "унижа́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "unízitʹ",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "уни́зить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "sm",
          "lang": "Samoan",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "fa'amaulalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "rebajar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "degradar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "humillar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "darostwng"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 6 4",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
          "word": "iselhau"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 40 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to abase the eye",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 32, page 214:",
          "text": "Her gracious words their rancour did appall, / And ſuncke ſo deepe into their boyling breſts, / That downe they lett their cruel weapons fall, / And lowly did abaſe their lofty creſts, / To her faire preſence, and diſcrete beheſts.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1612–1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Of that which Befell to Our Knight, after He had Departed from the Inne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 1, page 30:",
          "text": "[A]ll of you together ſhall pay for the great blaſphemy thou haſt ſpoken againſt ſo immenſe a beautie, as is that of my Miſtreſſe. And ſaying ſo, he abaſed his Launce againſt him that had anſwered with ſuch furie and anger, as if good fortune had not ſo ordayned it, that Rozinante ſhould ſtumble, and fal in the midst of the Carrier, it had gone very ill with the bold Merchant.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop."
      ],
      "id": "en-abase-en-verb-S1B~G2bJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "physically",
          "physically"
        ],
        [
          "depress",
          "depress"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "stoop",
          "stoop#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "bring down"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "lower"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "reduce"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "zh-min-nan",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "降低"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiàngdī",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "降低"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "neerhalen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "strijken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "laskea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "alentaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "abbassare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "sageru",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "下げる"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 80 7",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to lower physically",
          "word": "whakapāpaku"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 40 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1629 February 12, John Donne, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes, volume V, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 450:",
          "text": "Though in the nature thereof, that with which a purer metal is mixed, be not base; yet, it abases the purer metal. […] [T]hough silver be a precious metal, yet it abases gold. Grace, and peace, and faith, are precious parts of our treasure here; yet, if we mingle them, that is, compare them with the joys, and glory of heaven; […] we abase, and over-alloy these joys, and that glory.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1840, Rogers Ruding, “Elizabeth”, in Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies; from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for John Hearne, […], by Manning and Mason, […], →OCLC, page 341:",
          "text": "[H]er majesty [Elizabeth I of England] let them all to understand, that she never intended (God's grace assisting her) to leese the fruit of so famous an act, by abasing the coin of the realm, which she found to be for the more part copper, and had now recovered it to be as fine, or rather finer, sterling silver, than ever it was in the realm by the space of two hundred years or more; a matter worth marking and memory.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase."
      ],
      "id": "en-abase-en-verb-hbAaYaAu",
      "links": [
        [
          "value",
          "value#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "alter",
          "alter"
        ],
        [
          "content",
          "content#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "alloys",
          "alloy#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "coins",
          "coin#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "debase",
          "debase"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "21 11 68",
          "sense": "to lower in value",
          "word": "downgrade"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbeɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-abase.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg/En-us-abase.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-ca-abase.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg/En-ca-abase.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-abase.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg/En-au-abase.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪs"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "abaisse"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abase"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "abas",
        "3": "e<id:adverb>"
      },
      "expansion": "abas + -e",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From abas + -e.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "abase",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ido",
  "lang_code": "io",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ido terms suffixed with -e (adverb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "down with"
      ],
      "id": "en-abase-io-intj-szeUiZeO",
      "links": [
        [
          "down with",
          "down with#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈba.se/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abase"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "abase",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "abuise"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Mr Wellwood had never been known “to abuse poor people's children.”",
          "ref": "1898, Border Magazine:",
          "text": "Mr Wellwood had never been known “tae abase puir folks' bairns.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of abuise"
      ],
      "id": "en-abase-sco-verb-mFCGLCPZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "abuise",
          "abuise#Scots"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "abase"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "aggrandise"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "dignify"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "elevate"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "exalt"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "extol"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "honor"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "promote"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "raise"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”",
      "word": "uplift"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms prefixed with a-",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Persian translations",
    "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪs",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Gothic translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hokkien translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Manx translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Samoan translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "abasedly"
    },
    {
      "word": "abasement"
    },
    {
      "word": "abaser"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷem-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "abaishen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English abaishen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "abaisser"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French abaisser",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "abaissier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French abaissier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "esbahir",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to amaze"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esbahir (“to amaze”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "VL.",
        "2": "abbassiāre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lower"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ad",
        "4": "",
        "5": "toward, to"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ad (“toward, to”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂éd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "at, to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "bassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "short of stature, low; base"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "βᾰ́σῐς",
        "4": "",
        "5": "foot; base, foundation"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷem-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to step"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "base",
        "gloss1": "towards"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (“towards”) + base",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "abaixar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower; abase"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "abaissar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan abaissar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "abajo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "down, downstairs; below"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base.\nThere exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abases",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abasing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abased",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abased",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "abase (third-person singular simple present abases, present participle abasing, simple past and past participle abased)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "abash"
    },
    {
      "word": "base"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 14:11:",
          "text": "For whoſoeuer exalteth himſelfe ſhalbe abaſed: and hee that humbleth himſelfe, ſhalbe exalted.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1657, John Ball, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […], 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], →OCLC, page 106:",
          "text": "Our adverſaries object againe, that by praying that Chriſts merits may be made ours in particular, we greatly abaſe them. As though the Prophet David did abaſe God in making him his in particular, ſaying, the Lord is my rock, my fortreſſe, my God, and my ſtrength, my ſhield, the horne of my ſalvation, and my refuge: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1868 December, T. W., “Lao-Tzu. 老子: A Study in Chinese Philosophy.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume I, number 8, Foochow: Printed by Rozario, Marçal & Co., →OCLC, chapter VI (Politics), page 158, column 2:",
          "text": "When a large kingdom abases itself to a small principality, it acquires that principality, and when a small state abases itself to a large one, it obtains service (or protection) under the large one. It is for this purpose that the small state submits, and the large kingdom annexes the small states for the purpose of uniting and maintaining the people.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lower",
          "lower#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ],
        [
          "office",
          "office"
        ],
        [
          "rank",
          "rank#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "feelings",
          "feelings"
        ],
        [
          "degrade",
          "degrade"
        ],
        [
          "depress",
          "depress"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "humiliate",
          "humiliate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with collocations",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to abase the eye",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 32, page 214:",
          "text": "Her gracious words their rancour did appall, / And ſuncke ſo deepe into their boyling breſts, / That downe they lett their cruel weapons fall, / And lowly did abaſe their lofty creſts, / To her faire preſence, and diſcrete beheſts.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1612–1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Of that which Befell to Our Knight, after He had Departed from the Inne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 1, page 30:",
          "text": "[A]ll of you together ſhall pay for the great blaſphemy thou haſt ſpoken againſt ſo immenſe a beautie, as is that of my Miſtreſſe. And ſaying ſo, he abaſed his Launce againſt him that had anſwered with ſuch furie and anger, as if good fortune had not ſo ordayned it, that Rozinante ſhould ſtumble, and fal in the midst of the Carrier, it had gone very ill with the bold Merchant.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physically",
          "physically"
        ],
        [
          "depress",
          "depress"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "stoop",
          "stoop#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1629 February 12, John Donne, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes, volume V, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 450:",
          "text": "Though in the nature thereof, that with which a purer metal is mixed, be not base; yet, it abases the purer metal. […] [T]hough silver be a precious metal, yet it abases gold. Grace, and peace, and faith, are precious parts of our treasure here; yet, if we mingle them, that is, compare them with the joys, and glory of heaven; […] we abase, and over-alloy these joys, and that glory.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1840, Rogers Ruding, “Elizabeth”, in Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies; from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for John Hearne, […], by Manning and Mason, […], →OCLC, page 341:",
          "text": "[H]er majesty [Elizabeth I of England] let them all to understand, that she never intended (God's grace assisting her) to leese the fruit of so famous an act, by abasing the coin of the realm, which she found to be for the more part copper, and had now recovered it to be as fine, or rather finer, sterling silver, than ever it was in the realm by the space of two hundred years or more; a matter worth marking and memory.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "value",
          "value#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "alter",
          "alter"
        ],
        [
          "content",
          "content#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "alloys",
          "alloy#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "coins",
          "coin#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "debase",
          "debase"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbeɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-abase.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg/En-us-abase.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-ca-abase.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg/En-ca-abase.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-abase.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg/En-au-abase.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪs"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "abaisse"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "degrade"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "demean"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "depress"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "discredit"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "disgrace"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "dishonor"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "humble"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "humiliate"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "sink"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "bring down"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "lower"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "reduce"
    },
    {
      "sense": "to lower in value",
      "word": "downgrade"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḏall",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "ذَلّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "arz",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "zall",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "ذل"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "unižávam",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "унижа́вам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ponižávam",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "понижа́вам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "humiliar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiūrǔ",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "羞辱"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "貶低"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "biǎndī",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "贬低"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "ponížit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "pokořit"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "ydmyge"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "vernederen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "kleineren"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "in rank",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "alentaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "to hurt",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "nöyryyttää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "baisser"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "abaisser"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "rabaisser"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "humilier"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "rebaixar"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "erniedrigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "haunjan",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "exeftelízo",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "εξευτελίζω"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "auðmýkja"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "niðurlægja"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "abasar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "abassar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "uirísligh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "degradare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "umiliare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "abbassare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "iyashimeru",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "卑しめる"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "otoshimeru",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "貶める"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kakusage suru",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "格下げする"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hige suru",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "卑下する"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "natchuda",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "낮추다"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ponízuva",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пони́зува"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "injillee"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "whakapāpaku"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "fornedre"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "ydmyke"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "rebaixar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "humilhar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "abater"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "abaixar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "umili"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "înjosi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "unižátʹ",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "унижа́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "unízitʹ",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "уни́зить"
    },
    {
      "code": "sm",
      "lang": "Samoan",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "fa'amaulalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "rebajar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "degradar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "humillar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "darostwng"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings",
      "word": "iselhau"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "zh-min-nan",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "降低"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiàngdī",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "降低"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "neerhalen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "strijken"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "laskea"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "alentaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "abbassare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sageru",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "下げる"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to lower physically",
      "word": "whakapāpaku"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abase"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "abas",
        "3": "e<id:adverb>"
      },
      "expansion": "abas + -e",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From abas + -e.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "io",
        "2": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "abase",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ido",
  "lang_code": "io",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ido interjections",
        "Ido lemmas",
        "Ido terms suffixed with -e (adverb)",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "down with"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "down with",
          "down with#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈba.se/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abase"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "abase",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "abuise"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
        "Scots lemmas",
        "Scots terms with quotations",
        "Scots verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Mr Wellwood had never been known “to abuse poor people's children.”",
          "ref": "1898, Border Magazine:",
          "text": "Mr Wellwood had never been known “tae abase puir folks' bairns.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of abuise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abuise",
          "abuise#Scots"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "abase"
}

Download raw JSONL data for abase meaning in All languages combined (23.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": kàng-kē vs. zh-min-nan",
  "path": [
    "abase"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "abase",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "abase/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"aggrandise\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"dignify\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"elevate\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"exalt\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"extol\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"honor\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"promote\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"raise\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"uplift\"}], \"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪs\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Gothic translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Samoan translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abasedly\"}, {\"word\": \"abasement\"}, {\"word\": \"abaser\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷem-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abaishen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abaishen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"abaisser\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French abaisser\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"abaissier\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French abaissier\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"esbahir\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to amaze\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French esbahir (“to amaze”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"VL.\", \"2\": \"abbassiāre\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to lower\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"ad\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"toward, to\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin ad (“toward, to”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₂éd\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"at, to\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"bassus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"short of stature, low; base\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"βᾰ́σῐς\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"foot; base, foundation\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷem-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to step\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"base\", \"gloss1\": \"towards\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (“towards”) + base\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"abaixar\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"lower; abase\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"oc\", \"2\": \"abaissar\"}, \"expansion\": \"Occitan abaissar\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"abajo\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"down, downstairs; below\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base.\\nThere exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abases\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abasing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abased\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abased\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abase (third-person singular simple present abases, present participle abasing, simple past and past participle abased)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"abash\"}, {\"word\": \"base\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 14:11:\", \"text\": \"For whoſoeuer exalteth himſelfe ſhalbe abaſed: and hee that humbleth himſelfe, ſhalbe exalted.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1657, John Ball, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […], 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], →OCLC, page 106:\", \"text\": \"Our adverſaries object againe, that by praying that Chriſts merits may be made ours in particular, we greatly abaſe them. As though the Prophet David did abaſe God in making him his in particular, ſaying, the Lord is my rock, my fortreſſe, my God, and my ſtrength, my ſhield, the horne of my ſalvation, and my refuge: […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1868 December, T. W., “Lao-Tzu. 老子: A Study in Chinese Philosophy.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume I, number 8, Foochow: Printed by Rozario, Marçal & Co., →OCLC, chapter VI (Politics), page 158, column 2:\", \"text\": \"When a large kingdom abases itself to a small principality, it acquires that principality, and when a small state abases itself to a large one, it obtains service (or protection) under the large one. It is for this purpose that the small state submits, and the large kingdom annexes the small states for the purpose of uniting and maintaining the people.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.\"], \"links\": [[\"lower\", \"lower#Verb\"], [\"condition\", \"condition#Noun\"], [\"life\", \"life\"], [\"office\", \"office\"], [\"rank\", \"rank#Noun\"], [\"cause\", \"cause#Verb\"], [\"pain\", \"pain#Noun\"], [\"hurt\", \"hurt#Verb\"], [\"feelings\", \"feelings\"], [\"degrade\", \"degrade\"], [\"depress\", \"depress\"], [\"humble\", \"humble#Verb\"], [\"humiliate\", \"humiliate\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"to abase the eye\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 32, page 214:\", \"text\": \"Her gracious words their rancour did appall, / And ſuncke ſo deepe into their boyling breſts, / That downe they lett their cruel weapons fall, / And lowly did abaſe their lofty creſts, / To her faire preſence, and diſcrete beheſts.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1612–1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Of that which Befell to Our Knight, after He had Departed from the Inne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 1, page 30:\", \"text\": \"[A]ll of you together ſhall pay for the great blaſphemy thou haſt ſpoken againſt ſo immenſe a beautie, as is that of my Miſtreſſe. And ſaying ſo, he abaſed his Launce againſt him that had anſwered with ſuch furie and anger, as if good fortune had not ſo ordayned it, that Rozinante ſhould ſtumble, and fal in the midst of the Carrier, it had gone very ill with the bold Merchant.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop.\"], \"links\": [[\"physically\", \"physically\"], [\"depress\", \"depress\"], [\"cast\", \"cast#Verb\"], [\"throw\", \"throw#Verb\"], [\"stoop\", \"stoop#Verb\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, archaic) To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1629 February 12, John Donne, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes, volume V, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 450:\", \"text\": \"Though in the nature thereof, that with which a purer metal is mixed, be not base; yet, it abases the purer metal. […] [T]hough silver be a precious metal, yet it abases gold. Grace, and peace, and faith, are precious parts of our treasure here; yet, if we mingle them, that is, compare them with the joys, and glory of heaven; […] we abase, and over-alloy these joys, and that glory.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1840, Rogers Ruding, “Elizabeth”, in Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies; from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for John Hearne, […], by Manning and Mason, […], →OCLC, page 341:\", \"text\": \"[H]er majesty [Elizabeth I of England] let them all to understand, that she never intended (God's grace assisting her) to leese the fruit of so famous an act, by abasing the coin of the realm, which she found to be for the more part copper, and had now recovered it to be as fine, or rather finer, sterling silver, than ever it was in the realm by the space of two hundred years or more; a matter worth marking and memory.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase.\"], \"links\": [[\"value\", \"value#Noun\"], [\"alter\", \"alter\"], [\"content\", \"content#Noun\"], [\"alloys\", \"alloy#Noun\"], [\"coins\", \"coin#Noun\"], [\"debase\", \"debase\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, obsolete) To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbeɪs/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg/En-us-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-ca-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg/En-ca-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg/En-au-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪs\"}, {\"homophone\": \"abaisse\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degrade\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"demean\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"depress\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"discredit\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"disgrace\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"dishonor\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humble\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humiliate\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"sink\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"bring down\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"lower\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"reduce\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower in value\", \"word\": \"downgrade\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḏall\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ذَلّ\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"zall\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"ذل\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"unižávam\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"унижа́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ponižávam\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"понижа́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humiliar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xiūrǔ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"羞辱\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"貶低\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"biǎndī\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"贬低\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ponížit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"pokořit\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ydmyge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"vernederen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"kleineren\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"in rank\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"alentaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"to hurt\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"nöyryyttää\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"baisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abaisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rabaisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humilier\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"erniedrigen\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"haunjan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"exeftelízo\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"εξευτελίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"auðmýkja\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"niðurlægja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abasar\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abassar\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"uirísligh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degradare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"umiliare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abbassare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"iyashimeru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"卑しめる\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"otoshimeru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"貶める\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kakusage suru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"格下げする\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"hige suru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"卑下する\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"natchuda\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"낮추다\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"ponízuva\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пони́зува\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"injillee\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"whakapāpaku\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"fornedre\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ydmyke\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humilhar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abater\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"umili\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"înjosi\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"unižátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"унижа́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"unízitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"уни́зить\"}, {\"code\": \"sm\", \"lang\": \"Samoan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"fa'amaulalo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebajar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degradar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humillar\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"darostwng\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"iselhau\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"zh-min-nan\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"降低\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiàngdī\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"降低\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"neerhalen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"strijken\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"laskea\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"alentaa\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"abbassare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sageru\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"下げる\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"whakapāpaku\"}], \"word\": \"abase\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "abase",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "abase/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"aggrandise\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"dignify\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"elevate\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"exalt\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"extol\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"honor\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"promote\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"raise\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"uplift\"}], \"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪs\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Gothic translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Samoan translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abasedly\"}, {\"word\": \"abasement\"}, {\"word\": \"abaser\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷem-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abaishen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abaishen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"abaisser\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French abaisser\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"abaissier\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French abaissier\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"esbahir\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to amaze\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French esbahir (“to amaze”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"VL.\", \"2\": \"abbassiāre\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to lower\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"ad\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"toward, to\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin ad (“toward, to”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₂éd\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"at, to\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"bassus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"short of stature, low; base\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"βᾰ́σῐς\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"foot; base, foundation\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷem-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to step\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"base\", \"gloss1\": \"towards\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (“towards”) + base\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"abaixar\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"lower; abase\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"oc\", \"2\": \"abaissar\"}, \"expansion\": \"Occitan abaissar\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"abajo\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"down, downstairs; below\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base.\\nThere exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abases\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abasing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abased\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abased\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abase (third-person singular simple present abases, present participle abasing, simple past and past participle abased)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"abash\"}, {\"word\": \"base\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 14:11:\", \"text\": \"For whoſoeuer exalteth himſelfe ſhalbe abaſed: and hee that humbleth himſelfe, ſhalbe exalted.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1657, John Ball, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […], 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], →OCLC, page 106:\", \"text\": \"Our adverſaries object againe, that by praying that Chriſts merits may be made ours in particular, we greatly abaſe them. As though the Prophet David did abaſe God in making him his in particular, ſaying, the Lord is my rock, my fortreſſe, my God, and my ſtrength, my ſhield, the horne of my ſalvation, and my refuge: […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1868 December, T. W., “Lao-Tzu. 老子: A Study in Chinese Philosophy.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume I, number 8, Foochow: Printed by Rozario, Marçal & Co., →OCLC, chapter VI (Politics), page 158, column 2:\", \"text\": \"When a large kingdom abases itself to a small principality, it acquires that principality, and when a small state abases itself to a large one, it obtains service (or protection) under the large one. It is for this purpose that the small state submits, and the large kingdom annexes the small states for the purpose of uniting and maintaining the people.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.\"], \"links\": [[\"lower\", \"lower#Verb\"], [\"condition\", \"condition#Noun\"], [\"life\", \"life\"], [\"office\", \"office\"], [\"rank\", \"rank#Noun\"], [\"cause\", \"cause#Verb\"], [\"pain\", \"pain#Noun\"], [\"hurt\", \"hurt#Verb\"], [\"feelings\", \"feelings\"], [\"degrade\", \"degrade\"], [\"depress\", \"depress\"], [\"humble\", \"humble#Verb\"], [\"humiliate\", \"humiliate\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"to abase the eye\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 32, page 214:\", \"text\": \"Her gracious words their rancour did appall, / And ſuncke ſo deepe into their boyling breſts, / That downe they lett their cruel weapons fall, / And lowly did abaſe their lofty creſts, / To her faire preſence, and diſcrete beheſts.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1612–1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Of that which Befell to Our Knight, after He had Departed from the Inne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 1, page 30:\", \"text\": \"[A]ll of you together ſhall pay for the great blaſphemy thou haſt ſpoken againſt ſo immenſe a beautie, as is that of my Miſtreſſe. And ſaying ſo, he abaſed his Launce againſt him that had anſwered with ſuch furie and anger, as if good fortune had not ſo ordayned it, that Rozinante ſhould ſtumble, and fal in the midst of the Carrier, it had gone very ill with the bold Merchant.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop.\"], \"links\": [[\"physically\", \"physically\"], [\"depress\", \"depress\"], [\"cast\", \"cast#Verb\"], [\"throw\", \"throw#Verb\"], [\"stoop\", \"stoop#Verb\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, archaic) To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1629 February 12, John Donne, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes, volume V, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 450:\", \"text\": \"Though in the nature thereof, that with which a purer metal is mixed, be not base; yet, it abases the purer metal. […] [T]hough silver be a precious metal, yet it abases gold. Grace, and peace, and faith, are precious parts of our treasure here; yet, if we mingle them, that is, compare them with the joys, and glory of heaven; […] we abase, and over-alloy these joys, and that glory.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1840, Rogers Ruding, “Elizabeth”, in Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies; from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for John Hearne, […], by Manning and Mason, […], →OCLC, page 341:\", \"text\": \"[H]er majesty [Elizabeth I of England] let them all to understand, that she never intended (God's grace assisting her) to leese the fruit of so famous an act, by abasing the coin of the realm, which she found to be for the more part copper, and had now recovered it to be as fine, or rather finer, sterling silver, than ever it was in the realm by the space of two hundred years or more; a matter worth marking and memory.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase.\"], \"links\": [[\"value\", \"value#Noun\"], [\"alter\", \"alter\"], [\"content\", \"content#Noun\"], [\"alloys\", \"alloy#Noun\"], [\"coins\", \"coin#Noun\"], [\"debase\", \"debase\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, obsolete) To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbeɪs/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg/En-us-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-ca-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg/En-ca-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg/En-au-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪs\"}, {\"homophone\": \"abaisse\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degrade\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"demean\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"depress\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"discredit\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"disgrace\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"dishonor\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humble\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humiliate\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"sink\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"bring down\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"lower\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"reduce\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower in value\", \"word\": \"downgrade\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḏall\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ذَلّ\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"zall\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"ذل\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"unižávam\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"унижа́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ponižávam\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"понижа́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humiliar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xiūrǔ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"羞辱\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"貶低\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"biǎndī\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"贬低\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ponížit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"pokořit\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ydmyge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"vernederen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"kleineren\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"in rank\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"alentaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"to hurt\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"nöyryyttää\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"baisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abaisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rabaisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humilier\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"erniedrigen\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"haunjan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"exeftelízo\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"εξευτελίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"auðmýkja\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"niðurlægja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abasar\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abassar\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"uirísligh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degradare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"umiliare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abbassare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"iyashimeru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"卑しめる\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"otoshimeru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"貶める\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kakusage suru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"格下げする\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"hige suru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"卑下する\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"natchuda\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"낮추다\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"ponízuva\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пони́зува\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"injillee\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"whakapāpaku\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"fornedre\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ydmyke\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humilhar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abater\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"umili\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"înjosi\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"unižátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"унижа́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"unízitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"уни́зить\"}, {\"code\": \"sm\", \"lang\": \"Samoan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"fa'amaulalo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebajar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degradar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humillar\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"darostwng\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"iselhau\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"zh-min-nan\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"降低\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiàngdī\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"降低\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"neerhalen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"strijken\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"laskea\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"alentaa\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"abbassare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sageru\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"下げる\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"whakapāpaku\"}], \"word\": \"abase\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "abase",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "abase/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"aggrandise\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"dignify\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"elevate\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"exalt\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"extol\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"honor\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"promote\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"raise\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”\", \"word\": \"uplift\"}], \"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 3 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪs\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Gothic translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Samoan translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abasedly\"}, {\"word\": \"abasement\"}, {\"word\": \"abaser\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷem-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abaishen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abaishen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"abaisser\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French abaisser\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"abaissier\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French abaissier\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"esbahir\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to amaze\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French esbahir (“to amaze”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"VL.\", \"2\": \"abbassiāre\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to lower\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"ad\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"toward, to\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin ad (“toward, to”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₂éd\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"at, to\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"bassus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"short of stature, low; base\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"βᾰ́σῐς\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"foot; base, foundation\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷem-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to step\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"base\", \"gloss1\": \"towards\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (“towards”) + base\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"abaixar\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"lower; abase\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"oc\", \"2\": \"abaissar\"}, \"expansion\": \"Occitan abaissar\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"abajo\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"down, downstairs; below\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base.\\nThere exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abases\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abasing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abased\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abased\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abase (third-person singular simple present abases, present participle abasing, simple past and past participle abased)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"abash\"}, {\"word\": \"base\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 14:11:\", \"text\": \"For whoſoeuer exalteth himſelfe ſhalbe abaſed: and hee that humbleth himſelfe, ſhalbe exalted.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1657, John Ball, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […], 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], →OCLC, page 106:\", \"text\": \"Our adverſaries object againe, that by praying that Chriſts merits may be made ours in particular, we greatly abaſe them. As though the Prophet David did abaſe God in making him his in particular, ſaying, the Lord is my rock, my fortreſſe, my God, and my ſtrength, my ſhield, the horne of my ſalvation, and my refuge: […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1868 December, T. W., “Lao-Tzu. 老子: A Study in Chinese Philosophy.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume I, number 8, Foochow: Printed by Rozario, Marçal & Co., →OCLC, chapter VI (Politics), page 158, column 2:\", \"text\": \"When a large kingdom abases itself to a small principality, it acquires that principality, and when a small state abases itself to a large one, it obtains service (or protection) under the large one. It is for this purpose that the small state submits, and the large kingdom annexes the small states for the purpose of uniting and maintaining the people.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.\"], \"links\": [[\"lower\", \"lower#Verb\"], [\"condition\", \"condition#Noun\"], [\"life\", \"life\"], [\"office\", \"office\"], [\"rank\", \"rank#Noun\"], [\"cause\", \"cause#Verb\"], [\"pain\", \"pain#Noun\"], [\"hurt\", \"hurt#Verb\"], [\"feelings\", \"feelings\"], [\"degrade\", \"degrade\"], [\"depress\", \"depress\"], [\"humble\", \"humble#Verb\"], [\"humiliate\", \"humiliate\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"to abase the eye\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 32, page 214:\", \"text\": \"Her gracious words their rancour did appall, / And ſuncke ſo deepe into their boyling breſts, / That downe they lett their cruel weapons fall, / And lowly did abaſe their lofty creſts, / To her faire preſence, and diſcrete beheſts.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1612–1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Of that which Befell to Our Knight, after He had Departed from the Inne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 1, page 30:\", \"text\": \"[A]ll of you together ſhall pay for the great blaſphemy thou haſt ſpoken againſt ſo immenſe a beautie, as is that of my Miſtreſſe. And ſaying ſo, he abaſed his Launce againſt him that had anſwered with ſuch furie and anger, as if good fortune had not ſo ordayned it, that Rozinante ſhould ſtumble, and fal in the midst of the Carrier, it had gone very ill with the bold Merchant.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop.\"], \"links\": [[\"physically\", \"physically\"], [\"depress\", \"depress\"], [\"cast\", \"cast#Verb\"], [\"throw\", \"throw#Verb\"], [\"stoop\", \"stoop#Verb\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, archaic) To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1629 February 12, John Donne, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes, volume V, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 450:\", \"text\": \"Though in the nature thereof, that with which a purer metal is mixed, be not base; yet, it abases the purer metal. […] [T]hough silver be a precious metal, yet it abases gold. Grace, and peace, and faith, are precious parts of our treasure here; yet, if we mingle them, that is, compare them with the joys, and glory of heaven; […] we abase, and over-alloy these joys, and that glory.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1840, Rogers Ruding, “Elizabeth”, in Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies; from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for John Hearne, […], by Manning and Mason, […], →OCLC, page 341:\", \"text\": \"[H]er majesty [Elizabeth I of England] let them all to understand, that she never intended (God's grace assisting her) to leese the fruit of so famous an act, by abasing the coin of the realm, which she found to be for the more part copper, and had now recovered it to be as fine, or rather finer, sterling silver, than ever it was in the realm by the space of two hundred years or more; a matter worth marking and memory.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase.\"], \"links\": [[\"value\", \"value#Noun\"], [\"alter\", \"alter\"], [\"content\", \"content#Noun\"], [\"alloys\", \"alloy#Noun\"], [\"coins\", \"coin#Noun\"], [\"debase\", \"debase\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, obsolete) To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbeɪs/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg/En-us-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-ca-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg/En-ca-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-abase.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg/En-au-abase.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪs\"}, {\"homophone\": \"abaisse\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degrade\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"demean\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"depress\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"discredit\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"disgrace\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"dishonor\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humble\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humiliate\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"sink\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"bring down\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"lower\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"reduce\"}, {\"sense\": \"to lower in value\", \"word\": \"downgrade\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḏall\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ذَلّ\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"zall\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"ذل\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"unižávam\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"унижа́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ponižávam\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"понижа́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humiliar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xiūrǔ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"羞辱\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"貶低\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"biǎndī\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"贬低\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ponížit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"pokořit\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ydmyge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"vernederen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"kleineren\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"in rank\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"alentaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"to hurt\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"nöyryyttää\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"baisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abaisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rabaisser\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humilier\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"erniedrigen\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"haunjan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"exeftelízo\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"εξευτελίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"auðmýkja\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"niðurlægja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abasar\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abassar\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"uirísligh\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degradare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"umiliare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abbassare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"iyashimeru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"卑しめる\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"otoshimeru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"貶める\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kakusage suru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"格下げする\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"hige suru\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"卑下する\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"natchuda\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"낮추다\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"ponízuva\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пони́зува\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"injillee\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"whakapāpaku\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"fornedre\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"ydmyke\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humilhar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abater\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"abaixar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"umili\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"înjosi\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"unižátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"унижа́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"unízitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"уни́зить\"}, {\"code\": \"sm\", \"lang\": \"Samoan\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"fa'amaulalo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"rebajar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"degradar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"humillar\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"darostwng\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings\", \"word\": \"iselhau\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"zh-min-nan\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"降低\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiàngdī\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"降低\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"neerhalen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"strijken\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"laskea\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"alentaa\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"abbassare\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sageru\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"下げる\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to lower physically\", \"word\": \"whakapāpaku\"}], \"word\": \"abase\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "abase",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.