See demean on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "demeaner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "misdemean"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "mean",
"t2": "lowly, base, common"
},
"expansion": "de- + mean (“lowly, base, common”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mene"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mene",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġemǣne",
"t": "mean, common"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġemǣne (“mean, common”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bemean"
},
"expansion": "English bemean",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "(1595) From de- + mean (“lowly, base, common”), from Middle English mene, aphetic variation of imene (“mean, base, common”), from Old English ġemǣne (“mean, common”). Compare English bemean.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "demeans",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "demean (third-person singular simple present demeans, present participle demeaning, simple past and past participle demeaned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 6, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was, of course, Mrs. Sedley's opinion that her son would demean himself by a marriage with an artist's daughter.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To debase; to lower; to degrade."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-verb-mSvOxWnz",
"links": [
[
"debase",
"debase"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "unižavam",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "унижавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "alentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "halventaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "herabwürdigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "entwürdigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "erniedrigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "herabsetzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "otoshimeru",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "貶める"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "whakatūtūā"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "whakatautauhea"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 16 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "whakapāpaku"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To humble, humble oneself; to humiliate."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-verb-nbsMY2Ce",
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"humiliate",
"humiliate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 34 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mortify."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-verb-0J23LnQQ",
"links": [
[
"mortify",
"mortify"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
},
{
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "debase"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "degrade"
}
],
"word": "demean"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "demenen",
"4": "demenen, demeinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English demenen, demeinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "demener"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman demener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "demener"
},
"expansion": "Old French demener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mino",
"4": "mināre"
},
"expansion": "Latin mināre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English demenen, demeinen, from Anglo-Norman demener, from Old French demener, from de- + mener (“to conduct, lead”), from Latin mināre, from minārī (“to threaten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "demeans",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "demean (third-person singular simple present demeans, present participle demeaning, simple past and past participle demeaned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC:",
"text": "But now, as our obdurate clergy have with violence demeaned the matter.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To manage; to conduct; to treat."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-verb-L87nx3VD",
"links": [
[
"manage",
"manage"
],
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
],
[
"treat",
"treat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To manage; to conduct; to treat."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "unižavam",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "унижавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "nöyrtyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "kleinmachen"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "demütigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "erniedrigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "gedragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "behandelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "käyttäytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "behandeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "führen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "conducir"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "gestionar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 3 13 4 4 3 5 45 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 12 5 4 6 5 37 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 13 8 6 9 8 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with de-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 12 5 5 5 6 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 5 7 4 5 5 7 45 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 8 4 3 5 4 55 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 5 11 10 12 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 5 8 11 7 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 5 5 6 7 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 12 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 9 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 8 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 14 9 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "they have demean'd themselves\nLike men born to renown by life or death.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:",
"text": "They answered […] that they should demean themselves according to their instructions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To conduct; to behave; to comport; followed by the reflexive pronoun."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-verb-YuyOHYnK",
"links": [
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"comport",
"comport"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) To conduct; to behave; to comport; followed by the reflexive pronoun."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to mortify",
"word": "häpäistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to mortify",
"word": "beschämen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎrža se",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "държа се"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "käyttäytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "benehmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "verhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "führen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "aufführen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
},
{
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "neerhalen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "vernederen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "alentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "halventaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "vähätellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "erniedrigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "herabwürdigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "herabsetzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "svilire"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "degradar"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "menospreciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "humillar"
}
],
"word": "demean"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "demenen",
"4": "demenen, demeinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English demenen, demeinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "demener"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman demener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "demener"
},
"expansion": "Old French demener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mino",
"4": "mināre"
},
"expansion": "Latin mināre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English demenen, demeinen, from Anglo-Norman demener, from Old French demener, from de- + mener (“to conduct, lead”), from Latin mināre, from minārī (“to threaten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "demeans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "demean (usually uncountable, plural demeans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "demeanor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18:",
"text": "Pursu'd him streight, in mynd to bene ywroken / Of all the vile demeane, and vsage bad",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Management; treatment."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-noun-azVGTa9R",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Management; treatment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "management; treatment",
"word": "beheer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "management; treatment",
"word": "behandeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "management; treatment",
"word": "kohtelu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 13 8 6 9 8 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with de-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "‘When thou hast all this doen, then bring me newes / Of his demeane […].’",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1739, Gilbert West, A canto of the Fairy Queen (later called On the Abuse of Travelling)",
"text": "with grave demean and solemn vanity"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-noun-I4waYIpL",
"links": [
[
"demeanor",
"demeanor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎržanie",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "държание"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"word": "gedrag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"word": "houding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fi",
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"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"word": "käytös"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "uk",
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"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
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]
}
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{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Variant of demesne.",
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"plural"
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{
"_dis": "10 11 10 13 8 6 9 8 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with de-",
"parents": [],
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"demesne."
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"resources; means."
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[
"resources",
"resources"
],
[
"means",
"means"
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{
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"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "demeaning",
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{
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"pos": "verb",
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"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Statistics",
"orig": "en:Statistics",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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{
"_dis": "10 11 10 13 8 6 9 8 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with de-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Hans-Jürgen Andreß, Katrin Golsch, Alexander W. Schmidt, Applied Panel Data Analysis for Economic and Social Surveys, page 177:",
"text": "Concerning FE estimation, it makes no difference whether you demean the data with unit-specific means computed on (balanced) T observations per unit, or with unit-specific means computed on (unbalanced) Tᵢ observations per unit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"To subtract the mean from (a value, or every observation in a data set)."
],
"id": "en-demean-en-verb-PcrF88kg",
"links": [
[
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[
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[
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(statistics, transitive) To subtract the mean from (a value, or every observation in a data set)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"statistics"
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"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
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"word": "demean"
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"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms prefixed with de-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːn",
"Rhymes:English/iːn/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Maori translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "demeaner"
},
{
"word": "misdemean"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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"name": "prefix"
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{
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"3": "mene"
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "English bemean",
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"etymology_text": "(1595) From de- + mean (“lowly, base, common”), from Middle English mene, aphetic variation of imene (“mean, base, common”), from Old English ġemǣne (“mean, common”). Compare English bemean.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
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{
"form": "demeaning",
"tags": [
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"past"
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{
"form": "demeaned",
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"pos": "verb",
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],
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"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 6, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was, of course, Mrs. Sedley's opinion that her son would demean himself by a marriage with an artist's daughter.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To debase; to lower; to degrade."
],
"links": [
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"debase"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
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[
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{
"glosses": [
"To humble, humble oneself; to humiliate."
],
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"humiliate",
"humiliate"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To mortify."
],
"links": [
[
"mortify",
"mortify"
]
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
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"synonyms": [
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"word": "debase"
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{
"word": "lower"
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{
"word": "degrade"
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"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "unižavam",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "унижавам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "alentaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "halventaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "herabwürdigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "entwürdigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "erniedrigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "herabsetzen"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "otoshimeru",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "貶める"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "whakatūtūā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "whakatautauhea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to debase",
"word": "whakapāpaku"
}
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"word": "demean"
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"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
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{
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"2": "la",
"3": "mino",
"4": "mināre"
},
"expansion": "Latin mināre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English demenen, demeinen, from Anglo-Norman demener, from Old French demener, from de- + mener (“to conduct, lead”), from Latin mināre, from minārī (“to threaten”).",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
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{
"form": "demeaning",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
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"form": "demeaned",
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},
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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"English terms with quotations"
],
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{
"ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC:",
"text": "But now, as our obdurate clergy have with violence demeaned the matter.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To manage; to conduct; to treat."
],
"links": [
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"manage",
"manage"
],
[
"conduct",
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],
[
"treat",
"treat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To manage; to conduct; to treat."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "they have demean'd themselves\nLike men born to renown by life or death.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:",
"text": "They answered […] that they should demean themselves according to their instructions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To conduct; to behave; to comport; followed by the reflexive pronoun."
],
"links": [
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"conduct",
"conduct"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"comport",
"comport"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) To conduct; to behave; to comport; followed by the reflexive pronoun."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
},
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"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "neerhalen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "vernederen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "alentaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "halventaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "vähätellä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "erniedrigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "herabwürdigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "herabsetzen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "svilire"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "degradar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "menospreciar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to debase; to lower; to degrade",
"word": "humillar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "unižavam",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "унижавам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "nöyrtyä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "kleinmachen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "demütigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to humble, humble oneself; to humiliate",
"word": "erniedrigen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to mortify",
"word": "häpäistä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to mortify",
"word": "beschämen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "gedragen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "behandelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "käyttäytyä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "behandeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "führen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "conducir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to manage; to conduct; to treat",
"word": "gestionar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎrža se",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "държа се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "käyttäytyä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "benehmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "verhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "führen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to conduct; to behave; to comport",
"word": "aufführen"
}
],
"word": "demean"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with de-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːn",
"Rhymes:English/iːn/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "demenen",
"4": "demenen, demeinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English demenen, demeinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "demener"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman demener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "demener"
},
"expansion": "Old French demener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mino",
"4": "mināre"
},
"expansion": "Latin mināre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English demenen, demeinen, from Anglo-Norman demener, from Old French demener, from de- + mener (“to conduct, lead”), from Latin mināre, from minārī (“to threaten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "demeans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "demean (usually uncountable, plural demeans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "demeanor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18:",
"text": "Pursu'd him streight, in mynd to bene ywroken / Of all the vile demeane, and vsage bad",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Management; treatment."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Management; treatment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "‘When thou hast all this doen, then bring me newes / Of his demeane […].’",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1739, Gilbert West, A canto of the Fairy Queen (later called On the Abuse of Travelling)",
"text": "with grave demean and solemn vanity"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor."
],
"links": [
[
"demeanor",
"demeanor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-demean.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "management; treatment",
"word": "beheer"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "management; treatment",
"word": "behandeling"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "management; treatment",
"word": "kohtelu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎržanie",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "държание"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"word": "gedrag"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"word": "houding"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"word": "käytös"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povedinka",
"sense": "behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor",
"word": "поведінка"
}
],
"word": "demean"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with de-",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːn",
"Rhymes:English/iːn/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Variant of demesne.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "demeans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "demean (plural demeans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"demesne."
],
"links": [
[
"demesne",
"demesne"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"resources; means."
],
"links": [
[
"resources",
"resources"
],
[
"means",
"means"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-demean.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "demean"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms prefixed with de-",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːn",
"Rhymes:English/iːn/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "subtract"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de-",
"3": "mean"
},
"expansion": "de- + mean",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "de- + mean",
"forms": [
{
"form": "demeans",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "demeaned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "demean (third-person singular simple present demeans, present participle demeaning, simple past and past participle demeaned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Statistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Hans-Jürgen Andreß, Katrin Golsch, Alexander W. Schmidt, Applied Panel Data Analysis for Economic and Social Surveys, page 177:",
"text": "Concerning FE estimation, it makes no difference whether you demean the data with unit-specific means computed on (balanced) T observations per unit, or with unit-specific means computed on (unbalanced) Tᵢ observations per unit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subtract the mean from (a value, or every observation in a data set)."
],
"links": [
[
"statistics",
"statistics"
],
[
"subtract",
"subtract"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"data set",
"data set"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(statistics, transitive) To subtract the mean from (a value, or every observation in a data set)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"statistics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌdiːˈmiːn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demean2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demean2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demean2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demean2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demean2.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈmiːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-demean.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-demean.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "demean"
}
Download raw JSONL data for demean meaning in All languages combined (19.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.