See 堅 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 堅 meaning in All languages combined (21.5kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"堅 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水土 (SEG), four-corner 7710₄, composition ⿱臤土)"
],
"id": "en-堅-mul-character-0f8mWW2D",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"臤",
"臤#Translingual"
],
[
"土",
"土#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "一念堅貞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "一念坚贞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhōngjiān",
"word": "中堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhōngjiān",
"word": "中坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "乘堅策肥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "乘坚策肥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "乘堅驅良"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "乘坚驱良"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "內秉堅孤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "内秉坚孤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "四個堅持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "四个坚持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānbùkěcuī",
"word": "堅不可摧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānbùkěcuī",
"word": "坚不可摧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxìn",
"word": "堅信"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxìn",
"word": "坚信"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxìnlǐ",
"word": "堅信禮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxìnlǐ",
"word": "坚信礼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjìng",
"word": "堅勁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjìng",
"word": "坚劲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅城深池"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚城深池"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhí",
"word": "堅執"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhí",
"word": "坚执"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānbì",
"word": "堅壁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānbì",
"word": "坚壁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānbìqīngyě",
"word": "堅壁清野"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānbìqīngyě",
"word": "坚壁清野"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrúpánshí",
"word": "堅如磐石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrúpánshí",
"word": "坚如磐石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅如鐵石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚如铁石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshǒu",
"word": "堅守"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshǒu",
"word": "坚守"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāndìng",
"word": "堅定"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāndìng",
"word": "坚定"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāndìngbùyí",
"word": "堅定不移"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāndìngbùyí",
"word": "坚定不移"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "堅實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "坚实"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅巧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚巧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "堅強"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "坚强"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrěn",
"word": "堅忍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrěn",
"word": "坚忍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅忍不拔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚忍不拔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅拒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚拒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchí",
"word": "堅持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchí",
"word": "坚持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "堅持不懈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "坚持不懈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅持到底"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚持到底"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāntǐng",
"word": "堅挺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāntǐng",
"word": "坚挺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhèn",
"word": "堅振"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhèn",
"word": "坚振"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhènlǐ",
"word": "堅振禮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhènlǐ",
"word": "坚振礼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānmù",
"word": "堅木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānmù",
"word": "坚木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānguǒ",
"word": "堅果"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānguǒ",
"word": "坚果"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "堅毅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "坚毅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅毅不拔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚毅不拔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅毅不撓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚毅不挠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Jiānjiāng",
"word": "堅江"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Jiānjiāng",
"word": "坚江"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjué",
"word": "堅決"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjué",
"word": "坚决"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅牡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚牡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānláo",
"word": "堅牢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānláo",
"word": "坚牢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅瓠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚瓠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjiǎlìbīng",
"word": "堅甲利兵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjiǎlìbīng",
"word": "坚甲利兵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅白"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚白"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅白同異"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚白同异"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅白石論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚白石论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "堅硬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "坚硬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchēng",
"word": "堅稱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchēng",
"word": "坚称"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅緻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚致"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅臥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚卧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅臥煙霞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚卧烟霞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅臥白門"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚卧白门"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "堅苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "坚苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅苦卓絕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚苦卓绝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅請"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚请"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhēn",
"word": "堅貞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhēn",
"word": "坚贞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhēnbùqū",
"word": "堅貞不屈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānzhēnbùqū",
"word": "坚贞不屈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅辭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚辞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "堅韌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "坚韧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrènbùbá",
"word": "堅韌不拔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānrènbùbá",
"word": "坚韧不拔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "夷堅志"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "夷坚志"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "履霜堅冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "履霜坚冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "心堅石穿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "心坚石穿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "心如堅石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "心如坚石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhìjiān",
"word": "志堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhìjiān",
"word": "志坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "披堅執銳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "披坚执锐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧堅殪敵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧坚殪敌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧堅獲醜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧坚获丑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧堅陷陣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摧坚陷阵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngjiān",
"word": "攻堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngjiān",
"word": "攻坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngjiānzhàn",
"word": "攻堅戰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngjiānzhàn",
"word": "攻坚战"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "攻無堅城"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "攻无坚城"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "松柏之堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "松柏之坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深溝堅壁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深沟坚壁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深溝堅壘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深沟坚垒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wújiānbùcuī",
"word": "無堅不摧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wújiānbùcuī",
"word": "无坚不摧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "窮且益堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "穷且益坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "窮當益堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "穷当益坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "精堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "精坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "老而彌堅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "老而弥坚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chuánjiānpàolì",
"word": "船堅炮利"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chuánjiānpàolì",
"word": "船坚炮利"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "衝堅陷陣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "冲坚陷阵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "被堅執銳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "被坚执锐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鑽堅仰高"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "钻坚仰高"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "陷堅破陣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "陷坚破阵"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "堅",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"id": "en-堅-zh-character-7VRluSIN",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong; firm"
],
"id": "en-堅-zh-character-nRrwNvDX",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"resolute"
],
"id": "en-堅-zh-character-jVxHLN4~",
"links": [
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"real; genuine"
],
"id": "en-堅-zh-character-gpuggzB6",
"links": [
[
"real",
"real"
],
[
"genuine",
"genuine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) real; genuine"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"really; very"
],
"id": "en-堅-zh-character-2~-uYsoR",
"links": [
[
"really",
"really"
],
[
"very",
"very"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) really; very"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 22 24 2 4 41 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"72nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"hardness\" (𝍍)"
],
"id": "en-堅-zh-character-XxmeIrCq",
"links": [
[
"tetragram",
"tetragram"
],
[
"Taixuanjing",
"Taixuanjing"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"𝍍",
"𝍍"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gíng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "giĕng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "giêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "giang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kian⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "gíng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiŋ⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "giĕng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiefn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kieng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ken"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤi[ŋ]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kiːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kian⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiŋ⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*kiːn/"
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "堅",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hokkien Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "喙堅"
},
{
"word": "喙坚"
},
{
"word": "堅乾"
},
{
"word": "坚干"
},
{
"word": "堅𠕆"
},
{
"word": "坚𠕆"
},
{
"word": "堅凍"
},
{
"word": "坚冻"
},
{
"word": "堅巴"
},
{
"word": "坚巴"
},
{
"word": "堅疕"
},
{
"word": "坚疕"
},
{
"word": "堅痡"
},
{
"word": "坚痡"
},
{
"word": "收堅"
},
{
"word": "收坚"
},
{
"word": "焦堅"
},
{
"word": "焦坚"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become dry and form a crust; to congeal"
],
"id": "en-堅-zh-character-WhCOD5j5",
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"congeal",
"congeal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hokkien) to become dry and form a crust; to congeal"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiefn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kieen"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn²⁴/"
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "堅強"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "堅持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "堅実"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "堅忍不抜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "堅牢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "具志堅"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, firm"
],
"id": "en-堅-ja-character-adttkl9j",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tough"
],
"id": "en-堅-ja-character-3t4eAAQH",
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strict"
],
"id": "en-堅-ja-character-OjEn9eoC",
"links": [
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "けん"
},
"expansion": "堅(けん) • (Ken)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 20 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 7 6 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 8 6 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 7 5 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 8 6 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 8 6 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"id": "en-堅-ja-name-h8YdwBAs",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "굳을 견",
"roman": "gudeul gyeon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "굳다",
"2": "굳을",
"3": "견"
},
"expansion": "堅 (eumhun 굳을 견 (gudeul gyeon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hard, stiff",
"word": "경"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 경 (“hard, stiff”)."
],
"id": "en-堅-ko-character-UNlbVF55",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"경",
"경#Korean"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kiên",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"id": "en-堅-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min adjectives",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "一念堅貞"
},
{
"word": "一念坚贞"
},
{
"word": "不堅"
},
{
"word": "不坚"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngjiān",
"word": "中堅"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngjiān",
"word": "中坚"
},
{
"word": "乘堅策肥"
},
{
"word": "乘坚策肥"
},
{
"word": "乘堅驅良"
},
{
"word": "乘坚驱良"
},
{
"word": "內秉堅孤"
},
{
"word": "内秉坚孤"
},
{
"word": "四個堅持"
},
{
"word": "四个坚持"
},
{
"roman": "jiānbùkěcuī",
"word": "堅不可摧"
},
{
"roman": "jiānbùkěcuī",
"word": "坚不可摧"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxìn",
"word": "堅信"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxìn",
"word": "坚信"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxìnlǐ",
"word": "堅信禮"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxìnlǐ",
"word": "坚信礼"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjìng",
"word": "堅勁"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjìng",
"word": "坚劲"
},
{
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"word": "堅城深池"
},
{
"word": "坚城深池"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhí",
"word": "堅執"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhí",
"word": "坚执"
},
{
"roman": "jiānbì",
"word": "堅壁"
},
{
"roman": "jiānbì",
"word": "坚壁"
},
{
"roman": "jiānbìqīngyě",
"word": "堅壁清野"
},
{
"roman": "jiānbìqīngyě",
"word": "坚壁清野"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrúpánshí",
"word": "堅如磐石"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrúpánshí",
"word": "坚如磐石"
},
{
"word": "堅如鐵石"
},
{
"word": "坚如铁石"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshǒu",
"word": "堅守"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshǒu",
"word": "坚守"
},
{
"roman": "jiāndìng",
"word": "堅定"
},
{
"roman": "jiāndìng",
"word": "坚定"
},
{
"roman": "jiāndìngbùyí",
"word": "堅定不移"
},
{
"roman": "jiāndìngbùyí",
"word": "坚定不移"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "堅實"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "坚实"
},
{
"word": "堅巧"
},
{
"word": "坚巧"
},
{
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "堅強"
},
{
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "坚强"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrěn",
"word": "堅忍"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrěn",
"word": "坚忍"
},
{
"word": "堅忍不拔"
},
{
"word": "坚忍不拔"
},
{
"word": "堅拒"
},
{
"word": "坚拒"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchí",
"word": "堅持"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchí",
"word": "坚持"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "堅持不懈"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "坚持不懈"
},
{
"word": "堅持到底"
},
{
"word": "坚持到底"
},
{
"roman": "jiāntǐng",
"word": "堅挺"
},
{
"roman": "jiāntǐng",
"word": "坚挺"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhèn",
"word": "堅振"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhèn",
"word": "坚振"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhènlǐ",
"word": "堅振禮"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhènlǐ",
"word": "坚振礼"
},
{
"roman": "jiānmù",
"word": "堅木"
},
{
"roman": "jiānmù",
"word": "坚木"
},
{
"roman": "jiānguǒ",
"word": "堅果"
},
{
"roman": "jiānguǒ",
"word": "坚果"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "堅毅"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "坚毅"
},
{
"word": "堅毅不拔"
},
{
"word": "坚毅不拔"
},
{
"word": "堅毅不撓"
},
{
"word": "坚毅不挠"
},
{
"roman": "Jiānjiāng",
"word": "堅江"
},
{
"roman": "Jiānjiāng",
"word": "坚江"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjué",
"word": "堅決"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjué",
"word": "坚决"
},
{
"word": "堅牡"
},
{
"word": "坚牡"
},
{
"roman": "jiānláo",
"word": "堅牢"
},
{
"roman": "jiānláo",
"word": "坚牢"
},
{
"word": "堅瓠"
},
{
"word": "坚瓠"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjiǎlìbīng",
"word": "堅甲利兵"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjiǎlìbīng",
"word": "坚甲利兵"
},
{
"word": "堅白"
},
{
"word": "坚白"
},
{
"word": "堅白同異"
},
{
"word": "坚白同异"
},
{
"word": "堅白石論"
},
{
"word": "坚白石论"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "堅硬"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "坚硬"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchēng",
"word": "堅稱"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchēng",
"word": "坚称"
},
{
"word": "堅緻"
},
{
"word": "坚致"
},
{
"word": "堅臥"
},
{
"word": "坚卧"
},
{
"word": "堅臥煙霞"
},
{
"word": "坚卧烟霞"
},
{
"word": "堅臥白門"
},
{
"word": "坚卧白门"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "堅苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "坚苦"
},
{
"word": "堅苦卓絕"
},
{
"word": "坚苦卓绝"
},
{
"word": "堅請"
},
{
"word": "坚请"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhēn",
"word": "堅貞"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhēn",
"word": "坚贞"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhēnbùqū",
"word": "堅貞不屈"
},
{
"roman": "jiānzhēnbùqū",
"word": "坚贞不屈"
},
{
"word": "堅辭"
},
{
"word": "坚辞"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "堅韌"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "坚韧"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrènbùbá",
"word": "堅韌不拔"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrènbùbá",
"word": "坚韧不拔"
},
{
"word": "夷堅志"
},
{
"word": "夷坚志"
},
{
"word": "履霜堅冰"
},
{
"word": "履霜坚冰"
},
{
"word": "心堅石穿"
},
{
"word": "心坚石穿"
},
{
"word": "心如堅石"
},
{
"word": "心如坚石"
},
{
"roman": "zhìjiān",
"word": "志堅"
},
{
"roman": "zhìjiān",
"word": "志坚"
},
{
"word": "披堅執銳"
},
{
"word": "披坚执锐"
},
{
"word": "摧堅"
},
{
"word": "摧坚"
},
{
"word": "摧堅殪敵"
},
{
"word": "摧坚殪敌"
},
{
"word": "摧堅獲醜"
},
{
"word": "摧坚获丑"
},
{
"word": "摧堅陷陣"
},
{
"word": "摧坚陷阵"
},
{
"roman": "gōngjiān",
"word": "攻堅"
},
{
"roman": "gōngjiān",
"word": "攻坚"
},
{
"roman": "gōngjiānzhàn",
"word": "攻堅戰"
},
{
"roman": "gōngjiānzhàn",
"word": "攻坚战"
},
{
"word": "攻無堅城"
},
{
"word": "攻无坚城"
},
{
"word": "松柏之堅"
},
{
"word": "松柏之坚"
},
{
"word": "深溝堅壁"
},
{
"word": "深沟坚壁"
},
{
"word": "深溝堅壘"
},
{
"word": "深沟坚垒"
},
{
"roman": "wújiānbùcuī",
"word": "無堅不摧"
},
{
"roman": "wújiānbùcuī",
"word": "无坚不摧"
},
{
"word": "窮且益堅"
},
{
"word": "穷且益坚"
},
{
"word": "窮當益堅"
},
{
"word": "穷当益坚"
},
{
"word": "精堅"
},
{
"word": "精坚"
},
{
"word": "老而彌堅"
},
{
"word": "老而弥坚"
},
{
"roman": "chuánjiānpàolì",
"word": "船堅炮利"
},
{
"roman": "chuánjiānpàolì",
"word": "船坚炮利"
},
{
"word": "衝堅陷陣"
},
{
"word": "冲坚陷阵"
},
{
"word": "被堅執銳"
},
{
"word": "被坚执锐"
},
{
"word": "鑽堅仰高"
},
{
"word": "钻坚仰高"
},
{
"word": "陷堅破陣"
},
{
"word": "陷坚破阵"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "堅",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong; firm"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"resolute"
],
"links": [
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"real; genuine"
],
"links": [
[
"real",
"real"
],
[
"genuine",
"genuine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) real; genuine"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"really; very"
],
"links": [
[
"really",
"really"
],
[
"very",
"very"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) really; very"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"72nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"hardness\" (𝍍)"
],
"links": [
[
"tetragram",
"tetragram"
],
[
"Taixuanjing",
"Taixuanjing"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"𝍍",
"𝍍"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gíng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "giĕng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "giêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "giang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kian⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "gíng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiŋ⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "giĕng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiefn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kieng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ken"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤi[ŋ]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kiːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kian⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiŋ⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kieŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*kiːn/"
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "喙堅"
},
{
"word": "喙坚"
},
{
"word": "堅乾"
},
{
"word": "坚干"
},
{
"word": "堅𠕆"
},
{
"word": "坚𠕆"
},
{
"word": "堅凍"
},
{
"word": "坚冻"
},
{
"word": "堅巴"
},
{
"word": "坚巴"
},
{
"word": "堅疕"
},
{
"word": "坚疕"
},
{
"word": "堅痡"
},
{
"word": "坚痡"
},
{
"word": "收堅"
},
{
"word": "收坚"
},
{
"word": "焦堅"
},
{
"word": "焦坚"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "堅",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hokkien Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"to become dry and form a crust; to congeal"
],
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"congeal",
"congeal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hokkien) to become dry and form a crust; to congeal"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiefn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kieen"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn²⁴/"
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading けん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かた-い",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading きん",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 堅",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "堅強"
},
{
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"word": "堅持"
},
{
"word": "堅実"
},
{
"word": "堅忍不抜"
},
{
"word": "堅牢"
},
{
"word": "具志堅"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, firm"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tough"
],
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strict"
],
"links": [
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading けん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かた-い",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading きん",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 堅",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "けん"
},
"expansion": "堅(けん) • (Ken)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "굳을 견",
"roman": "gudeul gyeon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "굳다",
"2": "굳을",
"3": "견"
},
"expansion": "堅 (eumhun 굳을 견 (gudeul gyeon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hard, stiff",
"word": "경"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 경 (“hard, stiff”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"경",
"경#Korean"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"堅 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水土 (SEG), four-corner 7710₄, composition ⿱臤土)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"臤",
"臤#Translingual"
],
[
"土",
"土#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kiên",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "堅"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"堅"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "堅",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.