See 堅持 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 堅持 meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "fàngqì",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to persist with”",
"word": "放棄"
},
{
"roman": "fàngqì",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to persist with”",
"word": "放弃"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "堅持不懈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "坚持不懈"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "堅持",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǎochí",
"word": "保持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "維持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "维持"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to keep going; to carry on",
"roman": "jiānchí xiàqù",
"text": "堅持下去／坚持下去",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to keep working despite being ill",
"roman": "dàibìng jiānchí gōngzuò",
"text": "帶病堅持工作／带病坚持工作",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Persistence is victory; Success belongs to the persevering.",
"roman": "Jiānchí jiùshì shènglì.",
"text": "堅持就是勝利。／坚持就是胜利。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to insist on; to persist with; to keep on (doing something); to stick to; to stick with; to persevere"
],
"id": "en-堅持-zh-verb-WkpJOKqK",
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"stick to",
"stick to"
],
[
"stick with",
"stick with"
],
[
"persevere",
"persevere"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Beginning Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to uphold the truth",
"roman": "jiānchí zhēnlǐ",
"text": "堅持真理／坚持真理",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to uphold principles",
"roman": "jiānchí yuánzé",
"text": "堅持原則／坚持原则",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You need to assert yourself more.",
"ref": "你需要進一步堅持自己的想法。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你需要进一步坚持自己的想法。 [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ xūyào jìnyībù jiānchí zìjǐ de xiǎngfǎ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to uphold; to assert; to stick up for; to safeguard; to protect; to maintain"
],
"id": "en-堅持-zh-verb-1Vds5ZPo",
"links": [
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
],
[
"assert",
"assert"
],
[
"stick up",
"stick up"
],
[
"safeguard",
"safeguard"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānchí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄔˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-chhî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-tî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "giang¹ ti⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānchí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jianchíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹-chʻih²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān-chŕ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jianchyr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзяньчи"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹči"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīn chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´ ciiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ ci²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´ ciiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ ci²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-tshî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kienchii"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-tî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiendii"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ti¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiang thî"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ti¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǎo",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "保"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "保庇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǎohù",
"word": "保護"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǎohù",
"word": "保护"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǎozhàng",
"word": "保障"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yǎnhù",
"word": "掩護"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yǎnhù",
"word": "掩护"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "維持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "维持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wéihù",
"word": "維護"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wéihù",
"word": "维护"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìhù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "蔽護"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìhù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "蔽护"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hù",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "護"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hù",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "护"
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅持",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けんじ"
},
"expansion": "堅(けん)持(じ) • (kenji)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"insist, persistence, tenacity, adherence"
],
"id": "en-堅持-ja-noun-ADlUqKsa",
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
],
[
"persistence",
"persistence"
],
[
"tenacity",
"tenacity"
],
[
"adherence",
"adherence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "koshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"固執",
"こしつ"
]
],
"word": "固執"
},
{
"roman": "koji",
"ruby": [
[
"固持",
"こじ"
]
],
"word": "固持"
}
]
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅持する",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持し",
"roman": "kenji shi",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持した",
"roman": "kenji shita",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"insist, persist"
],
"id": "en-堅持-ja-verb-VZDvlxy~",
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
]
]
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "堅持",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "堅持",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of kiên trì (“to persist; to persevere”)."
],
"id": "en-堅持-vi-verb-ZpNLUPyb",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"kiên trì",
"kiên trì#Vietnamese"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
],
[
"persevere",
"persevere"
]
]
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "fàngqì",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to persist with”",
"word": "放棄"
},
{
"roman": "fàngqì",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to persist with”",
"word": "放弃"
}
],
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "堅持不懈"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchíbùxiè",
"word": "坚持不懈"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "堅持",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "bǎochí",
"word": "保持"
},
{
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "維持"
},
{
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "维持"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to keep going; to carry on",
"roman": "jiānchí xiàqù",
"text": "堅持下去／坚持下去",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to keep working despite being ill",
"roman": "dàibìng jiānchí gōngzuò",
"text": "帶病堅持工作／带病坚持工作",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Persistence is victory; Success belongs to the persevering.",
"roman": "Jiānchí jiùshì shènglì.",
"text": "堅持就是勝利。／坚持就是胜利。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to insist on; to persist with; to keep on (doing something); to stick to; to stick with; to persevere"
],
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"stick to",
"stick to"
],
[
"stick with",
"stick with"
],
[
"persevere",
"persevere"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to uphold the truth",
"roman": "jiānchí zhēnlǐ",
"text": "堅持真理／坚持真理",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to uphold principles",
"roman": "jiānchí yuánzé",
"text": "堅持原則／坚持原则",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You need to assert yourself more.",
"ref": "你需要進一步堅持自己的想法。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你需要进一步坚持自己的想法。 [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ xūyào jìnyībù jiānchí zìjǐ de xiǎngfǎ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to uphold; to assert; to stick up for; to safeguard; to protect; to maintain"
],
"links": [
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
],
[
"assert",
"assert"
],
[
"stick up",
"stick up"
],
[
"safeguard",
"safeguard"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānchí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄔˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-chhî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-tî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "giang¹ ti⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānchí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jianchíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹-chʻih²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān-chŕ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jianchyr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзяньчи"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹči"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gīn chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gin¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´ ciiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ ci²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-chhṳ̀"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´ ciiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ ci²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-tshî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kienchii"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-tî"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiendii"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ti¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiang thî"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ti¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "bǎo",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "保"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "保庇"
},
{
"roman": "bǎohù",
"word": "保護"
},
{
"roman": "bǎohù",
"word": "保护"
},
{
"roman": "bǎozhàng",
"word": "保障"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhù",
"word": "掩護"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhù",
"word": "掩护"
},
{
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "維持"
},
{
"roman": "wéichí",
"word": "维持"
},
{
"roman": "wéihù",
"word": "維護"
},
{
"roman": "wéihù",
"word": "维护"
},
{
"roman": "bìhù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "蔽護"
},
{
"roman": "bìhù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "蔽护"
},
{
"roman": "hù",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "護"
},
{
"roman": "hù",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "护"
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅持",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けんじ"
},
"expansion": "堅(けん)持(じ) • (kenji)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"insist, persistence, tenacity, adherence"
],
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
],
[
"persistence",
"persistence"
],
[
"tenacity",
"tenacity"
],
[
"adherence",
"adherence"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "koshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"固執",
"こしつ"
]
],
"word": "固執"
},
{
"roman": "koji",
"ruby": [
[
"固持",
"こじ"
]
],
"word": "固持"
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅持する",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持し",
"roman": "kenji shi",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持した",
"roman": "kenji shita",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"けん"
],
[
"持",
"じ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅持すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "けんじすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenji sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"insist, persist"
],
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
]
]
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "堅持",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "堅持",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of kiên trì (“to persist; to persevere”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"kiên trì",
"kiên trì#Vietnamese"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
],
[
"persevere",
"persevere"
]
]
}
],
"word": "堅持"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"堅持"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "堅持",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.