See Hokkien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "福建",
"t": "Fujian / Fukien",
"tr": "Hok-kiàn"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Fukien",
"3": "Fujian"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Hokkien",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southeast Asian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 22 6 40 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 2 61 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 3 32 22 6 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 3 41 18 9 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 5 40 30 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 4 52 22 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 19 3 50 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 5 46 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Farefare translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 4 41 26 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hakka translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 30 2 38 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 3 42 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 3 55 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 6 43 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 4 42 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 4 51 23 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 4 38 31 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 3 55 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 11 5 44 29 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 4 40 31 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 4 41 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 16 2 51 26 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "en:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Shelley Rigger, Why Taiwan Matters: Small Island, Global Powerhouse, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:",
"text": "Almost 90 percent of Taiwan's 6 million occupants at the end of World War II spoke Hokkien.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Tsung-lun Alan Wan, “Language Revitalization and Perceived Language Shift: A Case of Kinmenese Hokkien”, in Jens Damm, Hauke Neddermann, editors, Intercultural Dialogue across Borders: China between Tradition and Modernity, Zürich: LIT Verlag, →ISBN, page 106:",
"text": "Because Hokkien is the most widely spoken local language (after Mandarin) in both Taiwan and Kinmen, this national language policy – when implemented in Kinmen – resulted in a different perceived language policy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 June 22, Zoe Yu, “Endangered Languages Are Worth Saving”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22, Student Editorial Contest Winner:",
"text": "Under colonial rule, learning or speaking my grandma’s native Hokkien, along with dozens of indigenous languages, was illegal by law.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 July 2, Ben Blanchard, “Taiwan celebrates linguistic diversity at annual music awards”, in William Mallard, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-03, Asia Pacific:",
"text": "The awards celebrate not only Mandopop but also artists singing in Taiwanese - also known as Hokkien - Hakka and indigenous languages, a visible sign of the government's efforts to promote tongues other than Mandarin.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:Hokkien."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A linguistic subgroup of the Southern Min (Min Nan) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
],
"id": "en-Hokkien-en-name-Wl8v~1uW",
"links": [
[
"subgroup",
"subgroup"
],
[
"Southern Min",
"Southern Min"
],
[
"Min Nan",
"Min Nan"
],
[
"Min",
"Min"
],
[
"Sinitic",
"Sinitic"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"Sino-Tibetan",
"Sino-Tibetan"
],
[
"mainland China",
"mainland China"
],
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"overseas Chinese",
"overseas Chinese"
],
[
"Hoklo",
"Hoklo"
],
[
"Malaysia",
"Malaysia"
],
[
"Singapore",
"Singapore"
],
[
"Philippines",
"Philippines"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
],
[
"Thailand",
"Thailand"
],
[
"Myanmar",
"Myanmar"
],
[
"Cambodia",
"Cambodia"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Southeast Asia) A linguistic subgroup of the Southern Min (Min Nan) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "71 26 3",
"english": "Chaoshan Division",
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Teochew"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 26 3",
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Zhenan Min Division"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 26 3",
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Zhongshan Min Division"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 26 3",
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Qiongwen Division"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 26 3",
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Leizhou Min Division"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 26 3",
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Longyan Min Division"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southeast Asian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Southern Min"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Min Nan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Minnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Minnanese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Quanzhou–Zhangzhou"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Chinchew–Changchew"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Quanzhou dialect"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Chinchew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Taiwanese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Xiamen dialect"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Amoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Xiamenese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Zhangzhou dialect"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Changchew"
}
],
"id": "en-Hokkien-en-name-KIC8nwG~",
"links": [
[
"Han Chinese",
"Han Chinese"
],
[
"ancestral",
"ancestral"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Southeast Asia) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Fujian"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Hoklo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Fukien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Fukienese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"word": "Fujianese"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Any person from Fujian."
],
"id": "en-Hokkien-en-name-6g1Zijtn",
"links": [
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Any person from Fujian."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhok.kjɛn/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lakhranyca.ka:",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "လက်ရှည်စကား"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "angkyihranyca.ka:",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "အင်္ကျီရှည်စကား"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"alt": "fuk¹ gin³ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "man⁵ naam⁴ jyu⁵",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "閩南話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"alt": "man⁵ naam⁴ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "闽南话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "鶴佬話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"alt": "hok³ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "鹤佬话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"alt": "fuk¹ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "學老話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "Ho̍k-ló-fa",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "学老话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福建話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Hok-kiàn-ōe",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福建话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福佬話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Hok-ló-oē",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福佬话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "河洛話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Hō-ló-oē, Ho̍h-ló-oē",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "河洛话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "咱人話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Lán-lâng-ōe",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "咱人话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "咱厝話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Lán-chhù-ōe",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "咱厝话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Fújiànhuà",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Mǐnnányǔ",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬話"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Fúlǎohuà",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬话"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "Hokkien"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "gur",
"lang": "Farefare",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "fukkenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "bahasa Hokkien"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"alt": "ふっけんご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fukkengo",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建語"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "hok kien",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "ហុកកៀន"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "chən hok kien",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "ចិនហុកគៀន"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "bahasa Hokkien"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hokkien"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xókkijen",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хо́ккиен"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fuczjanʹxuá",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фуцзяньхуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fuczjánʹskij",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фуцзя́ньский"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "Fukien"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "paasăa jeen hókgîan",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "ภาษาจีนฮกเกี้ยน"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "tiếng Mân Nam"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 46 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "tiếng Phúc Kiến"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "Hokkien"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "福建",
"t": "Fujian / Fukien",
"tr": "Hok-kiàn"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Fukien",
"3": "Fujian"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the Fujianese people."
],
"id": "en-Hokkien-en-adj-WkJNOXgi",
"links": [
[
"Fujianese",
"Fujianese"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southeast Asian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
],
"id": "en-Hokkien-en-adj-e-aLzSMB",
"links": [
[
"Hokkien",
"Hokkien"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"dialect",
"dialect"
],
[
"variant",
"variant"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Southeast Asia) Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hokkian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hok Kian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hok-kian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hokien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hukkien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "Hokyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hok-kien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "Hok-Kien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hokkeen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hok-keen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"word": "Hokkeën"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Hokkëèn"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
],
"id": "en-Hokkien-en-adj-~b2O-ZWy",
"links": [
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
],
[
"China",
"China"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhok.kjɛn/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "Hokkien"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hokkien",
"English terms derived from Hokkien",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Farefare translations",
"Terms with Hakka translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Languages",
"tl:Languages"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "福建",
"t": "Fujian / Fukien",
"tr": "Hok-kiàn"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Fukien",
"3": "Fujian"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Hokkien",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "Southern Min"
},
{
"word": "Min Nan"
},
{
"word": "Minnan"
},
{
"word": "Minnanese"
},
{
"word": "Quanzhou–Zhangzhou"
},
{
"word": "Chinchew–Changchew"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Quanzhou dialect"
},
{
"word": "Chinchew"
},
{
"word": "Taiwanese"
},
{
"word": "Xiamen dialect"
},
{
"word": "Amoy"
},
{
"word": "Xiamenese"
},
{
"word": "Zhangzhou dialect"
},
{
"word": "Changchew"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Fujian"
},
{
"english": "Chaoshan Division",
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Teochew"
},
{
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Zhenan Min Division"
},
{
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Zhongshan Min Division"
},
{
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Qiongwen Division"
},
{
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Leizhou Min Division"
},
{
"sense": "Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility)",
"word": "Longyan Min Division"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Southeast Asian English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Shelley Rigger, Why Taiwan Matters: Small Island, Global Powerhouse, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:",
"text": "Almost 90 percent of Taiwan's 6 million occupants at the end of World War II spoke Hokkien.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Tsung-lun Alan Wan, “Language Revitalization and Perceived Language Shift: A Case of Kinmenese Hokkien”, in Jens Damm, Hauke Neddermann, editors, Intercultural Dialogue across Borders: China between Tradition and Modernity, Zürich: LIT Verlag, →ISBN, page 106:",
"text": "Because Hokkien is the most widely spoken local language (after Mandarin) in both Taiwan and Kinmen, this national language policy – when implemented in Kinmen – resulted in a different perceived language policy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 June 22, Zoe Yu, “Endangered Languages Are Worth Saving”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22, Student Editorial Contest Winner:",
"text": "Under colonial rule, learning or speaking my grandma’s native Hokkien, along with dozens of indigenous languages, was illegal by law.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 July 2, Ben Blanchard, “Taiwan celebrates linguistic diversity at annual music awards”, in William Mallard, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-03, Asia Pacific:",
"text": "The awards celebrate not only Mandopop but also artists singing in Taiwanese - also known as Hokkien - Hakka and indigenous languages, a visible sign of the government's efforts to promote tongues other than Mandarin.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:Hokkien."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A linguistic subgroup of the Southern Min (Min Nan) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"subgroup",
"subgroup"
],
[
"Southern Min",
"Southern Min"
],
[
"Min Nan",
"Min Nan"
],
[
"Min",
"Min"
],
[
"Sinitic",
"Sinitic"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"Sino-Tibetan",
"Sino-Tibetan"
],
[
"mainland China",
"mainland China"
],
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"overseas Chinese",
"overseas Chinese"
],
[
"Hoklo",
"Hoklo"
],
[
"Malaysia",
"Malaysia"
],
[
"Singapore",
"Singapore"
],
[
"Philippines",
"Philippines"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
],
[
"Thailand",
"Thailand"
],
[
"Myanmar",
"Myanmar"
],
[
"Cambodia",
"Cambodia"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Southeast Asia) A linguistic subgroup of the Southern Min (Min Nan) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Southeast Asian English"
],
"glosses": [
"A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
],
"links": [
[
"Han Chinese",
"Han Chinese"
],
[
"ancestral",
"ancestral"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Southeast Asia) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Any person from Fujian."
],
"links": [
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Any person from Fujian."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhok.kjɛn/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Hoklo"
},
{
"word": "Fukien"
},
{
"word": "Fukienese"
},
{
"word": "Fujianese"
},
{
"word": "Hokkian"
},
{
"word": "Hok Kian"
},
{
"word": "Hok-kian"
},
{
"word": "Hokien"
},
{
"word": "Hukkien"
},
{
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "Hokyen"
},
{
"word": "Hok-kien"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "Hok-Kien"
},
{
"word": "Hokkeen"
},
{
"word": "Hok-keen"
},
{
"word": "Hokkeën"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Hokkëèn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lakhranyca.ka:",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "လက်ရှည်စကား"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "angkyihranyca.ka:",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "အင်္ကျီရှည်စကား"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建話"
},
{
"alt": "fuk¹ gin³ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建话"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "man⁵ naam⁴ jyu⁵",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "閩南話"
},
{
"alt": "man⁵ naam⁴ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "闽南话"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "鶴佬話"
},
{
"alt": "hok³ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "鹤佬话"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬話"
},
{
"alt": "fuk¹ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬话"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "學老話"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "Ho̍k-ló-fa",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "学老话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福建話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Hok-kiàn-ōe",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福建话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福佬話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Hok-ló-oē",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "福佬话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "河洛話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Hō-ló-oē, Ho̍h-ló-oē",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "河洛话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "咱人話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Lán-lâng-ōe",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "咱人话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "咱厝話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Lán-chhù-ōe",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "咱厝话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Fújiànhuà",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Mǐnnányǔ",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Fúlǎohuà",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福佬话"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "Hokkien"
},
{
"code": "gur",
"lang": "Farefare",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "fukkenne"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "bahasa Hokkien"
},
{
"alt": "ふっけんご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fukkengo",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "福建語"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "hok kien",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "ហុកកៀន"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "chən hok kien",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "ចិនហុកគៀន"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "bahasa Hokkien"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hokkien"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xókkijen",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хо́ккиен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fuczjanʹxuá",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фуцзяньхуа́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fuczjánʹskij",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фуцзя́ньский"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "Fukien"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "paasăa jeen hókgîan",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "ภาษาจีนฮกเกี้ยน"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "tiếng Mân Nam"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
"word": "tiếng Phúc Kiến"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "Hokkien"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hokkien",
"English terms derived from Hokkien",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Farefare translations",
"Terms with Hakka translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Languages",
"tl:Languages"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "福建",
"t": "Fujian / Fukien",
"tr": "Hok-kiàn"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Fukien",
"3": "Fujian"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the Fujianese people."
],
"links": [
[
"Fujianese",
"Fujianese"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Southeast Asian English"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
],
"links": [
[
"Hokkien",
"Hokkien"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"dialect",
"dialect"
],
[
"variant",
"variant"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Southeast Asia) Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
],
"links": [
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
],
[
"China",
"China"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhok.kjɛn/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Hokkian"
},
{
"word": "Hok Kian"
},
{
"word": "Hok-kian"
},
{
"word": "Hokien"
},
{
"word": "Hukkien"
},
{
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "Hokyen"
},
{
"word": "Hok-kien"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "Hok-Kien"
},
{
"word": "Hokkeen"
},
{
"word": "Hok-keen"
},
{
"word": "Hokkeën"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Hokkëèn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "Hokkien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Hokkien meaning in English (16.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": Bân-lâm-gú, Bân-lâm-gí vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"Hokkien"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "Hokkien",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.