"Hokkien" meaning in English

See Hokkien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈhɒkiɛn/ [Received-Pronunciation, Singapore], /ˈhɑkiˌɛn/ [General-American], /ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/ [General-American]
Etymology: Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|nan-hok|福建|t=Fujian / Fukien|tr=Hok-kiàn}} Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”), {{doublet|en|Fukien|Fujian}} Doublet of Fukien and Fujian Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} Hokkien (not comparable)
  1. Of or relating to the Fujianese people. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-Hokkien-en-adj-WkJNOXgi
  2. (chiefly Southeast Asia) Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants. Tags: not-comparable Categories (topical): Languages
    Sense id: en-Hokkien-en-adj-e-aLzSMB Disambiguation of Languages: 2 23 2 33 37 2 Categories (other): Southeast Asian English Synonyms: Hokkian, Hok Kian, Hok-kian, Hokien, Hukkien [proscribed], Hok-kien, Hok-Kien [archaic], Hokkeen, Hok-keen, Hokkeën, Hokkëèn [obsolete]
  3. (dated) Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China. Tags: dated, not-comparable
    Sense id: en-Hokkien-en-adj-~b2O-ZWy

Proper name

IPA: /ˈhɒkiɛn/ [Received-Pronunciation, Singapore], /ˈhɑkiˌɛn/ [General-American], /ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/ [General-American]
Etymology: Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|nan-hok|福建|t=Fujian / Fukien|tr=Hok-kiàn}} Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”), {{doublet|en|Fukien|Fujian}} Doublet of Fukien and Fujian Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Hokkien
  1. (chiefly Southeast Asia) A linguistic subgroup of the Min Nan (Southern Min) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc. Categories (topical): Languages Related terms (Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)): Teochew (english: Chaoshan Division), Zhenan Min Division, Zhongshan Min Division, Qiongwen Division, Leizhou Min Division, Longyan Min Division
    Sense id: en-Hokkien-en-name-VuwjTowi Disambiguation of Languages: 2 23 2 33 37 2 Categories (other): Southeast Asian English Disambiguation of 'Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)': 77 20 3
  2. (chiefly Southeast Asia) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language. Categories (topical): Languages Synonyms: Hoklo, Fukien, Fukienese, Fujianese Hypernyms: Min Nan, Minnan, Minnanese, Southern Min, Quanzhou–Zhangzhou, Chinchew–Changchew Hyponyms: Taiwanese, Quanzhou dialect, Chinchew, Xiamen dialect, Amoy, Xiamenese, Zhangzhou dialect, Changchew Related terms: Fujian
    Sense id: en-Hokkien-en-name-KIC8nwG~ Disambiguation of Languages: 2 23 2 33 37 2 Categories (other): Southeast Asian English
  3. (dated) Any person from Fujian. Tags: dated
    Sense id: en-Hokkien-en-name-6g1Zijtn
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations (dialect of the Chinese language): လက်ရှည်စကား (lakhranyca.ka:) (Burmese), အင်္ကျီရှည်စကား (angkyihranyca.ka:) (Burmese), 福建話 (Chinese Cantonese), 福建话 (alt: fuk¹ gin³ waa⁶⁻²) (Chinese Cantonese), 閩南語 (Chinese Cantonese), 闽南语 (man⁵ naam⁴ jyu⁵) (Chinese Cantonese), 閩南話 (Chinese Cantonese), 闽南话 (alt: man⁵ naam⁴ waa⁶⁻²) (Chinese Cantonese), 鶴佬話 (Chinese Cantonese), 鹤佬话 (alt: hok³ lou² waa⁶⁻²) (Chinese Cantonese), 福佬話 (Chinese Cantonese), 福佬话 (alt: fuk¹ lou² waa⁶⁻²) (Chinese Cantonese), 福建話 (Chinese Mandarin), 福建话 (Fújiànhuà) (Chinese Mandarin), 閩南語 (Chinese Mandarin), 闽南语 (Mǐnnányǔ) (Chinese Mandarin), 福佬話 (Chinese Mandarin), 福佬话 (Fúlǎohuà) (Chinese Mandarin), Hokkien (Dutch), fukkenne (Farefare), 學老話 (Hakka Chinese), 学老话 (Ho̍k-ló-fa) (Hakka Chinese), bahasa Hokkien (Indonesian), 福建語 (fukkengo) (alt: ふっけんご) (Japanese), ហុកកៀន (hok kien) (Khmer), ចិនហុកគៀន (chən hok kien) (Khmer), bahasa Hokkien (Malay), 福建話 (Min Nan Chinese), 福建话 (Hok-kiàn-ōe) (Min Nan Chinese), 閩南語 (Min Nan Chinese), 闽南语 (Bân-lâm-gú, Bân-lâm-gí) (Min Nan Chinese), 福佬話 (Min Nan Chinese), 福佬话 (Hok-ló-oē) (Min Nan Chinese), 河洛話 (Min Nan Chinese), 河洛话 (Hō-ló-oē, Ho̍h-ló-oē) (Min Nan Chinese), 咱人話 (Min Nan Chinese), 咱人话 (Lán-lâng-ōe) [Quanzhou, Zhangzhou] (Min Nan Chinese), 咱厝話 (Min Nan Chinese), 咱厝话 (Lán-chhù-ōe) [Quanzhou, Zhangzhou] (Min Nan Chinese), hokkien [masculine] (Portuguese), хо́ккиен (xókkijen) [masculine] (Russian), фуцзяньхуа́ (fuczjanʹxuá) [masculine] (Russian), фуцзя́ньский (fuczjánʹskij) [masculine] (Russian), Fukien (Tagalog), ภาษาจีนฮกเกี้ยน (paasăa jeen hókgîan) (Thai), tiếng Mân Nam (Vietnamese)
Disambiguation of 'dialect of the Chinese language': 51 48 1

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for Hokkien meaning in English (16.3kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nan-hok",
        "3": "福建",
        "t": "Fujian / Fukien",
        "tr": "Hok-kiàn"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Fukien",
        "3": "Fujian"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Hokkien",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southeast Asian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 23 2 33 37 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Languages",
          "orig": "en:Languages",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Names",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2011, Shelley Rigger, Why Taiwan Matters: Small Island, Global Powerhouse, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, page 28",
          "text": "Almost 90 percent of Taiwan's 6 million occupants at the end of World War II spoke Hokkien.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, Tsung-lun Alan Wan, “Language Revitalization and Perceived Language Shift: A Case of Kinmenese Hokkien”, in Jens Damm, Hauke Neddermann, editors, Intercultural Dialogue across Borders: China between Tradition and Modernity, Zürich: LIT Verlag, page 106",
          "text": "Because Hokkien is the most widely spoken local language (after Mandarin) in both Taiwan and Kinmen, this national language policy – when implemented in Kinmen – resulted in a different perceived language policy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "June 22, 2022, Zoe Yu, “Endangered Languages Are Worth Saving”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22, Student Editorial Contest Winner",
          "text": "Under colonial rule, learning or speaking my grandma’s native Hokkien, along with dozens of indigenous languages, was illegal by law.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "July 2, 2023, Ben Blanchard, “Taiwan celebrates linguistic diversity at annual music awards”, in William Mallard, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-03, Asia Pacific",
          "text": "The awards celebrate not only Mandopop but also artists singing in Taiwanese - also known as Hokkien - Hakka and indigenous languages, a visible sign of the government's efforts to promote tongues other than Mandarin.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:Hokkien."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A linguistic subgroup of the Min Nan (Southern Min) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hokkien-en-name-VuwjTowi",
      "links": [
        [
          "subgroup",
          "subgroup"
        ],
        [
          "Min Nan",
          "Min Nan"
        ],
        [
          "Southern Min",
          "Southern Min"
        ],
        [
          "Min",
          "Min"
        ],
        [
          "Sinitic",
          "Sinitic"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Sino-Tibetan",
          "Sino-Tibetan"
        ],
        [
          "mainland China",
          "mainland China"
        ],
        [
          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
        ],
        [
          "Taiwan",
          "Taiwan"
        ],
        [
          "overseas Chinese",
          "overseas Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Hoklo",
          "Hoklo"
        ],
        [
          "Malaysia",
          "Malaysia"
        ],
        [
          "Singapore",
          "Singapore"
        ],
        [
          "Philippines",
          "Philippines"
        ],
        [
          "Indonesia",
          "Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Thailand",
          "Thailand"
        ],
        [
          "Myanmar",
          "Myanmar"
        ],
        [
          "Cambodia",
          "Cambodia"
        ],
        [
          "Vietnam",
          "Vietnam"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Southeast Asia) A linguistic subgroup of the Min Nan (Southern Min) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "77 20 3",
          "english": "Chaoshan Division",
          "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
          "word": "Teochew"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 20 3",
          "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
          "word": "Zhenan Min Division"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 20 3",
          "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
          "word": "Zhongshan Min Division"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 20 3",
          "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
          "word": "Qiongwen Division"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 20 3",
          "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
          "word": "Leizhou Min Division"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 20 3",
          "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
          "word": "Longyan Min Division"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southeast Asian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 23 2 33 37 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Languages",
          "orig": "en:Languages",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Names",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Min Nan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Minnan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Minnanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Southern Min"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Quanzhou–Zhangzhou"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Chinchew–Changchew"
        }
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Taiwanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Quanzhou dialect"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Chinchew"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Xiamen dialect"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Amoy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Xiamenese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Zhangzhou dialect"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Changchew"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-Hokkien-en-name-KIC8nwG~",
      "links": [
        [
          "Han Chinese",
          "Han Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "ancestral",
          "ancestral"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Southeast Asia) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Fujian"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Hoklo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Fukien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Fukienese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0",
          "word": "Fujianese"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Any person from Fujian."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hokkien-en-name-6g1Zijtn",
      "links": [
        [
          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Any person from Fujian."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "lakhranyca.ka:",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "လက်ရှည်စကား"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "angkyihranyca.ka:",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "အင်္ကျီရှည်စကား"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "alt": "fuk¹ gin³ waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南語"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "man⁵ naam⁴ jyu⁵",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南语"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "alt": "man⁵ naam⁴ waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "鶴佬話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "alt": "hok³ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "鹤佬话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "alt": "fuk¹ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "hak",
      "lang": "Hakka Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "學老話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "hak",
      "lang": "Hakka Chinese",
      "roman": "Ho̍k-ló-fa",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "学老话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Fújiànhuà",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南語"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Mǐnnányǔ",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南语"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Fúlǎohuà",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Hok-kiàn-ōe",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南語"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Bân-lâm-gú, Bân-lâm-gí",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南语"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Hok-ló-oē",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "河洛話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Hō-ló-oē, Ho̍h-ló-oē",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "河洛话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "咱人話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Lán-lâng-ōe",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "咱人话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "咱厝話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Lán-chhù-ōe",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "咱厝话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "Hokkien"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "gur",
      "lang": "Farefare",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "fukkenne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "bahasa Hokkien"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "alt": "ふっけんご",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "fukkengo",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建語"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "hok kien",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "ហុកកៀន"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "chən hok kien",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "ចិនហុកគៀន"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "bahasa Hokkien"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hokkien"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xókkijen",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хо́ккиен"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fuczjanʹxuá",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "фуцзяньхуа́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fuczjánʹskij",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "фуцзя́ньский"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "Fukien"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "paasăa jeen hókgîan",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "ภาษาจีนฮกเกี้ยน"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 48 1",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "tiếng Mân Nam"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hokkien"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nan-hok",
        "3": "福建",
        "t": "Fujian / Fukien",
        "tr": "Hok-kiàn"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Fukien",
        "3": "Fujian"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the Fujianese people."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hokkien-en-adj-WkJNOXgi",
      "links": [
        [
          "Fujianese",
          "Fujianese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southeast Asian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 23 2 33 37 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Languages",
          "orig": "en:Languages",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Names",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hokkien-en-adj-e-aLzSMB",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hokkien",
          "Hokkien"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "dialect",
          "dialect"
        ],
        [
          "variant",
          "variant"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Southeast Asia) Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hokkian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hok Kian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hok-kian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hokien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "tags": [
            "proscribed"
          ],
          "word": "Hukkien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hok-kien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "Hok-Kien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hokkeen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hok-keen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "word": "Hokkeën"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 38 0 0 62 0",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "Hokkëèn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hokkien-en-adj-~b2O-ZWy",
      "links": [
        [
          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hokkien"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "en:Languages"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nan-hok",
        "3": "福建",
        "t": "Fujian / Fukien",
        "tr": "Hok-kiàn"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Fukien",
        "3": "Fujian"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Hokkien",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "word": "Min Nan"
    },
    {
      "word": "Minnan"
    },
    {
      "word": "Minnanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Southern Min"
    },
    {
      "word": "Quanzhou–Zhangzhou"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chinchew–Changchew"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "word": "Taiwanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Quanzhou dialect"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chinchew"
    },
    {
      "word": "Xiamen dialect"
    },
    {
      "word": "Amoy"
    },
    {
      "word": "Xiamenese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zhangzhou dialect"
    },
    {
      "word": "Changchew"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Fujian"
    },
    {
      "english": "Chaoshan Division",
      "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
      "word": "Teochew"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
      "word": "Zhenan Min Division"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
      "word": "Zhongshan Min Division"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
      "word": "Qiongwen Division"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
      "word": "Leizhou Min Division"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Other branches of Min Nan (limited mutual intelligibility)",
      "word": "Longyan Min Division"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Southeast Asian English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2011, Shelley Rigger, Why Taiwan Matters: Small Island, Global Powerhouse, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, page 28",
          "text": "Almost 90 percent of Taiwan's 6 million occupants at the end of World War II spoke Hokkien.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, Tsung-lun Alan Wan, “Language Revitalization and Perceived Language Shift: A Case of Kinmenese Hokkien”, in Jens Damm, Hauke Neddermann, editors, Intercultural Dialogue across Borders: China between Tradition and Modernity, Zürich: LIT Verlag, page 106",
          "text": "Because Hokkien is the most widely spoken local language (after Mandarin) in both Taiwan and Kinmen, this national language policy – when implemented in Kinmen – resulted in a different perceived language policy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "June 22, 2022, Zoe Yu, “Endangered Languages Are Worth Saving”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22, Student Editorial Contest Winner",
          "text": "Under colonial rule, learning or speaking my grandma’s native Hokkien, along with dozens of indigenous languages, was illegal by law.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "July 2, 2023, Ben Blanchard, “Taiwan celebrates linguistic diversity at annual music awards”, in William Mallard, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-03, Asia Pacific",
          "text": "The awards celebrate not only Mandopop but also artists singing in Taiwanese - also known as Hokkien - Hakka and indigenous languages, a visible sign of the government's efforts to promote tongues other than Mandarin.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:Hokkien."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A linguistic subgroup of the Min Nan (Southern Min) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "subgroup",
          "subgroup"
        ],
        [
          "Min Nan",
          "Min Nan"
        ],
        [
          "Southern Min",
          "Southern Min"
        ],
        [
          "Min",
          "Min"
        ],
        [
          "Sinitic",
          "Sinitic"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Sino-Tibetan",
          "Sino-Tibetan"
        ],
        [
          "mainland China",
          "mainland China"
        ],
        [
          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
        ],
        [
          "Taiwan",
          "Taiwan"
        ],
        [
          "overseas Chinese",
          "overseas Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Hoklo",
          "Hoklo"
        ],
        [
          "Malaysia",
          "Malaysia"
        ],
        [
          "Singapore",
          "Singapore"
        ],
        [
          "Philippines",
          "Philippines"
        ],
        [
          "Indonesia",
          "Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Thailand",
          "Thailand"
        ],
        [
          "Myanmar",
          "Myanmar"
        ],
        [
          "Cambodia",
          "Cambodia"
        ],
        [
          "Vietnam",
          "Vietnam"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Southeast Asia) A linguistic subgroup of the Min Nan (Southern Min) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and by overseas Chinese of Hoklo descent, such as in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Southeast Asian English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Han Chinese",
          "Han Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "ancestral",
          "ancestral"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Southeast Asia) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any person from Fujian."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Any person from Fujian."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Hoklo"
    },
    {
      "word": "Fukien"
    },
    {
      "word": "Fukienese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Fujianese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hokkian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok Kian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok-kian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hokien"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "proscribed"
      ],
      "word": "Hukkien"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok-kien"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "Hok-Kien"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hokkeen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok-keen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hokkeën"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "Hokkëèn"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "lakhranyca.ka:",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "လက်ရှည်စကား"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "angkyihranyca.ka:",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "အင်္ကျီရှည်စကား"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建話"
    },
    {
      "alt": "fuk¹ gin³ waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建话"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南語"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "man⁵ naam⁴ jyu⁵",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南语"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南話"
    },
    {
      "alt": "man⁵ naam⁴ waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南话"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "鶴佬話"
    },
    {
      "alt": "hok³ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "鹤佬话"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬話"
    },
    {
      "alt": "fuk¹ lou² waa⁶⁻²",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬话"
    },
    {
      "code": "hak",
      "lang": "Hakka Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "學老話"
    },
    {
      "code": "hak",
      "lang": "Hakka Chinese",
      "roman": "Ho̍k-ló-fa",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "学老话"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建話"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Fújiànhuà",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建话"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南語"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Mǐnnányǔ",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南语"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬話"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Fúlǎohuà",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬话"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建話"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Hok-kiàn-ōe",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建话"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "閩南語"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Bân-lâm-gú, Bân-lâm-gí",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "闽南语"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬話"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Hok-ló-oē",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福佬话"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "河洛話"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Hō-ló-oē, Ho̍h-ló-oē",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "河洛话"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "咱人話"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Lán-lâng-ōe",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "咱人话"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "咱厝話"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan",
      "lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
      "roman": "Lán-chhù-ōe",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "咱厝话"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "Hokkien"
    },
    {
      "code": "gur",
      "lang": "Farefare",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "fukkenne"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "bahasa Hokkien"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ふっけんご",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "fukkengo",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "福建語"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "hok kien",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "ហុកកៀន"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "chən hok kien",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "ចិនហុកគៀន"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "bahasa Hokkien"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hokkien"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xókkijen",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хо́ккиен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fuczjanʹxuá",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "фуцзяньхуа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fuczjánʹskij",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "фуцзя́ньский"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "Fukien"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "paasăa jeen hókgîan",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "ภาษาจีนฮกเกี้ยน"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "dialect of the Chinese language",
      "word": "tiếng Mân Nam"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hokkien"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "en:Languages"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nan-hok",
        "3": "福建",
        "t": "Fujian / Fukien",
        "tr": "Hok-kiàn"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Fukien",
        "3": "Fujian"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of Fukien and Fujian",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the Fujianese people."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Fujianese",
          "Fujianese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Southeast Asian English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hokkien",
          "Hokkien"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "dialect",
          "dialect"
        ],
        [
          "variant",
          "variant"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Southeast Asia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Southeast Asia) Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɒkiɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Hokkian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok Kian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok-kian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hokien"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "proscribed"
      ],
      "word": "Hukkien"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok-kien"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "Hok-Kien"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hokkeen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hok-keen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hokkeën"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "Hokkëèn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hokkien"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.