堅韌 in All languages combined

IPA: /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐn²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kiːn⁵⁵ jɐn²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kiɛn³³ lim⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lim²²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zim²²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zim³³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zim³³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zim⁵²/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/, /kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐn²²/, /kiːn⁵⁵ jɐn²²/, /kiɛn³³ lim⁴¹/, /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lim²²/, /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zim²²/, /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zim³³/, /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zim³³/, /kiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zim⁵²/ Chinese transliterations: jiānrèn [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄐㄧㄢㄖㄣˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gin¹ ngan⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], gin¹ jan⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], kian-līm [Hokkien, POJ], kian-jīm [Hokkien, POJ], giang¹ rim² [Peng'im, Teochew], jiānrèn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄐㄧㄢㄖㄣˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], jianrèn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], chien¹-jên⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], jyān-rèn [Mandarin, Yale, standard], jianrenn [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], цзяньжэнь [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], czjanʹžɛnʹ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], gīn ngahn [Cantonese, Yale], gīn yahn [Cantonese, Yale], gin¹ ngan⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gin¹ jan⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gin¹ ngen⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], gin¹ yen⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], kian-līm [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kienlim [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kian-jīm [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kienjim [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kiang jím [POJ, Teochew] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Head templates: {{head|zh|adjective}} 堅韌

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "堅韌",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wánqiáng",
      "word": "頑強"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wánqiáng",
      "word": "顽强"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tough and tensile"
      ],
      "id": "en-堅韌-zh-adj-L3tYILMc",
      "links": [
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ],
        [
          "tensile",
          "tensile"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "firm and tenacious"
      ],
      "id": "en-堅韌-zh-adj-GBmDR~N6",
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ],
        [
          "tenacious",
          "tenacious"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiānrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄖㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ ngan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ jan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-līm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-jīm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "giang¹ rim²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiānrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄖㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jianrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chien¹-jên⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyān-rèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jianrenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзяньжэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czjanʹžɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gīn ngahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gīn yahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ ngan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ jan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ ngen⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ yen⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ jɐn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-līm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kienlim"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn³³ lim⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lim²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-jīm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kienjim"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zim²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zim³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zim³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiang jím"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zim⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ jɐn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn³³ lim⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lim²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zim²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zim³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zim³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zim⁵²/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "堅韌"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "堅韌",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "wánqiáng",
      "word": "頑強"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wánqiáng",
      "word": "顽强"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tough and tensile"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ],
        [
          "tensile",
          "tensile"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "firm and tenacious"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ],
        [
          "tenacious",
          "tenacious"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiānrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄖㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ ngan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ jan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-līm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-jīm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "giang¹ rim²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiānrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄖㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jianrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chien¹-jên⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyān-rèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jianrenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзяньжэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czjanʹžɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gīn ngahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gīn yahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ ngan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ jan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ ngen⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gin¹ yen⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ jɐn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-līm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kienlim"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn³³ lim⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lim²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kian-jīm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kienjim"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zim²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zim³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zim³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiang jím"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zim⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiːn⁵⁵ jɐn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn³³ lim⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lim²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zim²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zim³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zim³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zim⁵²/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "堅韌"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"堅韌" meaning in All languages combined

Adjective [Chinese]