See 頑強 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "顽强",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "頑強",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "頑強不屈"
},
{
"word": "顽强不屈"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Disabled in both legs and abandoned by her parents, she lived tenaciously and became a multimillionaire.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Shuāngtuǐ cánjí, bèi fùmǔ pāoqì, tā wánqiáng shēnghuó, chéngwéi qiānwàn fùháo.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "雙腿殘疾，被父母拋棄，她頑強生活，成為千萬富豪。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Disabled in both legs and abandoned by her parents, she lived tenaciously and became a multimillionaire.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Shuāngtuǐ cánjí, bèi fùmǔ pāoqì, tā wánqiáng shēnghuó, chéngwéi qiānwàn fùháo.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "双腿残疾，被父母抛弃，她顽强生活，成为千万富豪。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"staunch; tenacious; indomitable"
],
"id": "en-頑強-zh-adj-kERpqI6-",
"links": [
[
"staunch",
"staunch"
],
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
],
[
"indomitable",
"indomitable"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "堅韌"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "坚韧"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "倔強"
},
{
"word": "倔强"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "儼硬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "俨硬"
},
{
"roman": "gāngqiáng",
"word": "剛強"
},
{
"roman": "gāngqiáng",
"word": "刚强"
},
{
"roman": "gāngbì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "剛愎"
},
{
"roman": "gāngbì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "刚愎"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyì",
"word": "剛毅"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyì",
"word": "刚毅"
},
{
"roman": "gāngliè",
"word": "剛烈"
},
{
"roman": "gāngliè",
"word": "刚烈"
},
{
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "堅強"
},
{
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "坚强"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "堅毅"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "坚毅"
},
{
"roman": "xìngzhí",
"word": "婞直"
},
{
"roman": "xìngzhí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "悻直"
},
{
"roman": "nìng",
"word": "擰"
},
{
"roman": "nìng",
"word": "拧"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wánqiáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄤˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "waan⁴ koeng⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "goân-kiông"
},
{
"zh-pron": "goân-kiâng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "oán-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wánqiáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wánciáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wan²-chʻiang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wán-chyáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wanchyang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ваньцян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "vanʹcjan"
},
{
"ipa": "/wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wàahn kèuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "waan⁴ koeng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁴ kêng⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/waːn²¹ kʰœːŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "goân-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "guân-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "goankioong"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "goân-kiâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "guân-kiâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "goankiaang"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan¹³⁻²² kiaŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "oán-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "uán-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "oafnkioong"
},
{
"ipa": "/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"other": "/ goân-kiâng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/waːn²¹ kʰœːŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan¹³⁻²² kiaŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ²⁴/"
}
],
"word": "頑強"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かんきょう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ɡwankjau/ → /ɡwankjɔː/ → /ɡwankjoː/ → /ɡankjoː/\nProbably from Middle Chinese compound 頑強 /顽强 (ŋuan gǐaŋ, literally “obstinate + strong”). Compare modern Cantonese reading waan⁴ koeng⁴, Mandarin wánqiáng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "頑強",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gwankyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"roman": "gankyō na",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"roman": "gankyō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "がんきょう",
"hhira": "ぐわんきやう",
"infl": "な"
},
"expansion": "頑(がん)強(きょう) • (gankyō) ^(←ぐわんきやう (gwankyau)?)-na (adnominal 頑(がん)強(きょう)な (gankyō na), adverbial 頑(がん)強(きょう)に (gankyō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "がんきょう",
"lemma": "頑強",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, tough, hardy"
],
"id": "en-頑強-ja-adj-V7Mn3w0S",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tenacious, stubborn, obstinate, adamant"
],
"id": "en-頑強-ja-adj-RLFln9xz",
"links": [
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"adamant",
"adamant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がんきょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "頑強"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "頑強不屈"
},
{
"word": "顽强不屈"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "顽强",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "頑強",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "堅韌"
},
{
"roman": "jiānrèn",
"word": "坚韧"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 強",
"Chinese terms spelled with 頑",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Disabled in both legs and abandoned by her parents, she lived tenaciously and became a multimillionaire.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Shuāngtuǐ cánjí, bèi fùmǔ pāoqì, tā wánqiáng shēnghuó, chéngwéi qiānwàn fùháo.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "雙腿殘疾，被父母拋棄，她頑強生活，成為千萬富豪。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Disabled in both legs and abandoned by her parents, she lived tenaciously and became a multimillionaire.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Shuāngtuǐ cánjí, bèi fùmǔ pāoqì, tā wánqiáng shēnghuó, chéngwéi qiānwàn fùháo.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "双腿残疾，被父母抛弃，她顽强生活，成为千万富豪。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"staunch; tenacious; indomitable"
],
"links": [
[
"staunch",
"staunch"
],
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
],
[
"indomitable",
"indomitable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wánqiáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄤˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "waan⁴ koeng⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "goân-kiông"
},
{
"zh-pron": "goân-kiâng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "oán-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wánqiáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wánciáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wan²-chʻiang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wán-chyáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wanchyang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ваньцян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "vanʹcjan"
},
{
"ipa": "/wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wàahn kèuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "waan⁴ koeng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁴ kêng⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/waːn²¹ kʰœːŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "goân-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "guân-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "goankioong"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "goân-kiâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "guân-kiâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "goankiaang"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan¹³⁻²² kiaŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "oán-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "uán-kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "oafnkioong"
},
{
"ipa": "/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"other": "/ goân-kiâng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/waːn²¹ kʰœːŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuan¹³⁻²² kiaŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ²⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "倔強"
},
{
"word": "倔强"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "儼硬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "俨硬"
},
{
"roman": "gāngqiáng",
"word": "剛強"
},
{
"roman": "gāngqiáng",
"word": "刚强"
},
{
"roman": "gāngbì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "剛愎"
},
{
"roman": "gāngbì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "刚愎"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyì",
"word": "剛毅"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyì",
"word": "刚毅"
},
{
"roman": "gāngliè",
"word": "剛烈"
},
{
"roman": "gāngliè",
"word": "刚烈"
},
{
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "堅強"
},
{
"roman": "jiānqiáng",
"word": "坚强"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "堅毅"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyì",
"word": "坚毅"
},
{
"roman": "xìngzhí",
"word": "婞直"
},
{
"roman": "xìngzhí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "悻直"
},
{
"roman": "nìng",
"word": "擰"
},
{
"roman": "nìng",
"word": "拧"
}
],
"word": "頑強"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かんきょう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ɡwankjau/ → /ɡwankjɔː/ → /ɡwankjoː/ → /ɡankjoː/\nProbably from Middle Chinese compound 頑強 /顽强 (ŋuan gǐaŋ, literally “obstinate + strong”). Compare modern Cantonese reading waan⁴ koeng⁴, Mandarin wánqiáng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "頑強",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gwankyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"roman": "gankyō na",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"roman": "gankyō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "がんきょう",
"hhira": "ぐわんきやう",
"infl": "な"
},
"expansion": "頑(がん)強(きょう) • (gankyō) ^(←ぐわんきやう (gwankyau)?)-na (adnominal 頑(がん)強(きょう)な (gankyō na), adverbial 頑(がん)強(きょう)に (gankyō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "がんきょう",
"lemma": "頑強",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"strong, tough, hardy"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tenacious, stubborn, obstinate, adamant"
],
"links": [
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"adamant",
"adamant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がんきょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "頑強"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 頑強 meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.