See 頑強 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for 頑強 meaning in Japanese (10.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かんきょう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ɡwankjau/ → /ɡwankjɔː/ → /ɡwankjoː/ → /ɡankjoː/\nProbably from Middle Chinese compound 頑強／顽强 (ŋuan gǐaŋ, literally “obstinate + strong”). Compare modern Cantonese reading waan⁴ koeng⁴, Mandarin wánqiáng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "頑強",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gwankyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"roman": "gankyō na",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"roman": "gankyō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "がんきょう",
"hhira": "ぐわんきやう",
"infl": "な"
},
"expansion": "頑(がん)強(きょう) • (gankyō) ^(←ぐわんきやう (gwankyau)?)-na (adnominal 頑(がん)強(きょう)な (gankyō na), adverbial 頑(がん)強(きょう)に (gankyō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "がんきょう",
"lemma": "頑強",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, tough, hardy"
],
"id": "en-頑強-ja-adj-V7Mn3w0S",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tenacious, stubborn, obstinate, adamant"
],
"id": "en-頑強-ja-adj-RLFln9xz",
"links": [
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"adamant",
"adamant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がんきょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "頑強"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かんきょう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ɡwankjau/ → /ɡwankjɔː/ → /ɡwankjoː/ → /ɡankjoː/\nProbably from Middle Chinese compound 頑強／顽强 (ŋuan gǐaŋ, literally “obstinate + strong”). Compare modern Cantonese reading waan⁴ koeng⁴, Mandarin wánqiáng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "頑強",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gwankyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"roman": "gankyō na",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"roman": "gankyō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "頑強さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "がんきょうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "gankyōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "がんきょう",
"hhira": "ぐわんきやう",
"infl": "な"
},
"expansion": "頑(がん)強(きょう) • (gankyō) ^(←ぐわんきやう (gwankyau)?)-na (adnominal 頑(がん)強(きょう)な (gankyō na), adverbial 頑(がん)強(きょう)に (gankyō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "がんきょう",
"lemma": "頑強",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"strong, tough, hardy"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tenacious, stubborn, obstinate, adamant"
],
"links": [
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"adamant",
"adamant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がんきょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "頑強"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"頑強"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "頑強",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"頑強"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "頑強",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.