See кал on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта́",
"roman": "kaltá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<(f)/n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 3 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 5 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud, dirt"
],
"id": "en-кал-bg-noun-eDUZc7nb",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɫ"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala",
"4": "",
"5": "fish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kala"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kala",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "кӯлль"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кол"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кол (kol)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "hal"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian hal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yrk",
"2": "халя"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Nenets халя (xalya)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кал"
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 3 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 5 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?",
"ref": "1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21:",
"text": "I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "roach",
"roman": "sëŕge",
"word": "сэрьге"
}
],
"id": "en-кал-myv-noun-tHSpmicF",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калца",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "калиште",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калот",
"roman": "kalot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "каловите",
"roman": "kalovite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калов",
"roman": "kalov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловиве",
"roman": "kalovive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "калон",
"roman": "kalon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловине",
"roman": "kalovine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"roman": "kala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта",
"roman": "kalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калва",
"roman": "kalva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кална",
"roman": "kalna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "калови",
"aug": "калиште",
"dim": "калца",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "калов",
"pov": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "калје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кала",
"def_dist_pl": "каловине",
"def_dist_sg": "калон",
"def_prox_pl": "каловиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калов",
"def_unsp_pl": "каловите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калот",
"ind_pl": "калови",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "калови",
"voc_sg": "калу",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "кал",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "каје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "каине",
"def_dist_sg": "кална",
"def_prox_pl": "каиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калва",
"def_unsp_pl": "каите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калта",
"ind_pl": "каи",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "каи",
"voc_sg": "кал"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 3 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 5 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "iskalosa",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "искалоса"
},
{
"roman": "kalište",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "калиште"
},
{
"roman": "kalliv",
"word": "каллив"
},
{
"roman": "kalca",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калца"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"id": "en-кал-mk-noun-rwf~kat8",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "кал"
},
"expansion": "Erzya кал (kal)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mdf-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калхт",
"roman": "kalxt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калонь",
"roman": "kaloń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "калонди",
"roman": "kalondi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "калшка",
"roman": "kalška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "калда",
"roman": "kalda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative"
]
},
{
"form": "калс",
"roman": "kals",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative"
]
},
{
"form": "калса",
"roman": "kalsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "калста",
"roman": "kalsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative"
]
},
{
"form": "калга",
"roman": "kalga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "калонкса",
"roman": "kalonksa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "калкс",
"roman": "kalks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "калфтома",
"roman": "kalftoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mdf-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "калсь",
"roman": "kalś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калне",
"roman": "kalne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калть",
"roman": "kalť",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калнень",
"roman": "kalneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калти",
"roman": "kalti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калненди",
"roman": "kalnendi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "noun",
"head": "кал"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "mdf-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кал"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "mdf-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"10": "калга",
"11": "калонкса",
"12": "калкс",
"13": "калфтома",
"14": "калхт",
"2": "калонь",
"3": "калонди",
"4": "калшка",
"5": "калда",
"6": "калу",
"7": "калс",
"8": "калса",
"9": "калста",
"n": ""
},
"name": "mdf-decl-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "калсь",
"2": "калть",
"3": "калти",
"4": "калне",
"5": "калнень",
"6": "калненди",
"n": ""
},
"name": "mdf-decl-def"
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Moksha entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "mdf",
"name": "Vertebrates",
"orig": "mdf:Vertebrates",
"parents": [
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 3 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 5 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloń kundaj",
"word": "калонь кундай"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń kundama",
"word": "калонь кундама"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń salaj",
"word": "калонь салай"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"id": "en-кал-mdf-noun-tHSpmicF",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"gloss": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"roman": "kála",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"roman": "kálov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лам",
"roman": "kálam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лами",
"roman": "kálami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лах",
"roman": "kálax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "ru:Feces",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Toilet (room)",
"All topics",
"Hygiene",
"Rooms",
"Fundamental",
"Health",
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "ru:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kálovyj",
"word": "ка́ловый"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Nikolai Gogol",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], chapter VIII, in Лакейская; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):",
"roman": "Pozvólʹte vam doložítʹ, Ánna Gavrílovna, što kučerá kučerám roznʹ. Onó, konéšno, tak kak kučerá, po obyknovéniju bólʹše svojemú, naxódjatsja neotlúčno pri lošadjáx, inogdá podčiščájut, s pozvolénija skazátʹ, kal[...]",
"text": "Позво́льте вам доложи́ть, А́нна Гаври́ловна, что кучера́ кучера́м рознь. Оно́, коне́чно, так как кучера́, по обыкнове́нию бо́льше своему́, нахо́дятся неотлу́чно при лошадя́х, иногда́ подчища́ют, с позволе́ния сказа́ть, кал[...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, feces, poo"
],
"id": "en-кал-ru-noun-cphxeXYZ",
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "испражне́ния"
},
{
"word": "наво́з"
},
{
"word": "помёт"
},
{
"word": "стул"
},
{
"word": "экскреме́нты"
},
{
"word": "фека́лии"
},
{
"roman": "kal",
"word": "калъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кало́рия",
"3": "",
"4": "calorie"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-in",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)",
"name": "ru-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "ru:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cal, calorie"
],
"id": "en-кал-ru-noun-XBaoPpEm",
"links": [
[
"cal",
"cal"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂los",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cālīgō",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness, gloom"
},
"expansion": "Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "काल",
"3": "",
"4": "black"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ка̑л",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȃl",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кале",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калем",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ка̑л"
},
"expansion": "ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"10": "кали",
"11": "калу",
"12": "калима",
"13": "калем",
"14": "калима",
"2": "кали",
"3": "кала",
"4": "кала",
"5": "калу",
"6": "калима",
"7": "кал",
"8": "кале",
"9": "калу"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "sh:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 3 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 27 1 5 14 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"id": "en-кал-sh-noun-rwf~kat8",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "блато"
},
{
"word": "муљ"
},
{
"word": "каљуга"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kâːl/"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kalýna",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kalýty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кали́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kálovyj",
"word": "ка́ловий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kálʹnyj",
"word": "ка́льний"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лові",
"roman": "kálovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лі",
"roman": "káli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 9 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 1 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "uk",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "uk:Feces",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Toilet (room)",
"All topics",
"Hygiene",
"Rooms",
"Fundamental",
"Health",
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"excrement, feces, poo, dung"
],
"id": "en-кал-uk-noun--EYb0fjj",
"links": [
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"id": "en-кал-uk-noun-d6HA4b6H",
"links": [
[
"crap",
"crap"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"shit",
"shit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 9 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dirt, mud"
],
"id": "en-кал-uk-noun-1iQdpOW8",
"links": [
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or dialectal) dirt, mud"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта́",
"roman": "kaltá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<(f)/n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"mud, dirt"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɫ"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala",
"4": "",
"5": "fish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kala"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kala",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "кӯлль"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кол"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кол (kol)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "hal"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian hal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yrk",
"2": "халя"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Nenets халя (xalya)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кал"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "roach",
"roman": "sëŕge",
"word": "сэрьге"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"Erzya lemmas",
"Erzya nouns",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Erzya terms with quotations",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Erzya/al",
"Rhymes:Erzya/al/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?",
"ref": "1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21:",
"text": "I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "iskalosa",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "искалоса"
},
{
"roman": "kalište",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "калиште"
},
{
"roman": "kalliv",
"word": "каллив"
},
{
"roman": "kalca",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калца"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калца",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "калиште",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калот",
"roman": "kalot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "каловите",
"roman": "kalovite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калов",
"roman": "kalov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловиве",
"roman": "kalovive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "калон",
"roman": "kalon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловине",
"roman": "kalovine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"roman": "kala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта",
"roman": "kalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калва",
"roman": "kalva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кална",
"roman": "kalna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "калови",
"aug": "калиште",
"dim": "калца",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "калов",
"pov": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "калје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кала",
"def_dist_pl": "каловине",
"def_dist_sg": "калон",
"def_prox_pl": "каловиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калов",
"def_unsp_pl": "каловите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калот",
"ind_pl": "калови",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "калови",
"voc_sg": "калу",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "кал",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "каје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "каине",
"def_dist_sg": "кална",
"def_prox_pl": "каиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калва",
"def_unsp_pl": "каите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калта",
"ind_pl": "каи",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "каи",
"voc_sg": "кал"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 1-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian masculine nouns",
"Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian nouns with multiple genders",
"Macedonian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Macedonian oxytone terms",
"Macedonian singularia tantum",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloń kundaj",
"word": "калонь кундай"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń kundama",
"word": "калонь кундама"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń salaj",
"word": "калонь салай"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "кал"
},
"expansion": "Erzya кал (kal)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mdf-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калхт",
"roman": "kalxt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калонь",
"roman": "kaloń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "калонди",
"roman": "kalondi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "калшка",
"roman": "kalška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "калда",
"roman": "kalda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative"
]
},
{
"form": "калс",
"roman": "kals",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative"
]
},
{
"form": "калса",
"roman": "kalsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "калста",
"roman": "kalsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative"
]
},
{
"form": "калга",
"roman": "kalga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "калонкса",
"roman": "kalonksa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "калкс",
"roman": "kalks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "калфтома",
"roman": "kalftoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mdf-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "калсь",
"roman": "kalś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калне",
"roman": "kalne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калть",
"roman": "kalť",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калнень",
"roman": "kalneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калти",
"roman": "kalti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калненди",
"roman": "kalnendi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "noun",
"head": "кал"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "mdf-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кал"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "mdf-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"10": "калга",
"11": "калонкса",
"12": "калкс",
"13": "калфтома",
"14": "калхт",
"2": "калонь",
"3": "калонди",
"4": "калшка",
"5": "калда",
"6": "калу",
"7": "калс",
"8": "калса",
"9": "калста",
"n": ""
},
"name": "mdf-decl-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "калсь",
"2": "калть",
"3": "калти",
"4": "калне",
"5": "калнень",
"6": "калненди",
"n": ""
},
"name": "mdf-decl-def"
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Moksha entries with incorrect language header",
"Moksha lemmas",
"Moksha nouns",
"Moksha terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Moksha terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Moksha terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Moksha/al",
"Rhymes:Moksha/al/1 syllable",
"mdf:Vertebrates"
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian 4-syllable words",
"Russian abbreviations",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian indeclinable nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"ru:Feces",
"ru:Units of measure",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kálovyj",
"word": "ка́ловый"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"gloss": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"roman": "kála",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"roman": "kálov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лам",
"roman": "kálam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лами",
"roman": "kálami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лах",
"roman": "kálax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Russian quotations",
"Russian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Nikolai Gogol",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], chapter VIII, in Лакейская; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):",
"roman": "Pozvólʹte vam doložítʹ, Ánna Gavrílovna, što kučerá kučerám roznʹ. Onó, konéšno, tak kak kučerá, po obyknovéniju bólʹše svojemú, naxódjatsja neotlúčno pri lošadjáx, inogdá podčiščájut, s pozvolénija skazátʹ, kal[...]",
"text": "Позво́льте вам доложи́ть, А́нна Гаври́ловна, что кучера́ кучера́м рознь. Оно́, коне́чно, так как кучера́, по обыкнове́нию бо́льше своему́, нахо́дятся неотлу́чно при лошадя́х, иногда́ подчища́ют, с позволе́ния сказа́ть, кал[...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, feces, poo"
],
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "испражне́ния"
},
{
"word": "наво́з"
},
{
"word": "помёт"
},
{
"word": "стул"
},
{
"word": "экскреме́нты"
},
{
"word": "фека́лии"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kal",
"word": "калъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 4-syllable words",
"Russian abbreviations",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian indeclinable nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"ru:Feces",
"ru:Units of measure",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кало́рия",
"3": "",
"4": "calorie"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-in",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)",
"name": "ru-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cal, calorie"
],
"links": [
[
"cal",
"cal"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂los",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cālīgō",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness, gloom"
},
"expansion": "Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "काल",
"3": "",
"4": "black"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ка̑л",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȃl",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кале",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калем",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ка̑л"
},
"expansion": "ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"10": "кали",
"11": "калу",
"12": "калима",
"13": "калем",
"14": "калима",
"2": "кали",
"3": "кала",
"4": "кала",
"5": "калу",
"6": "калима",
"7": "кал",
"8": "кале",
"9": "калу"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"sh:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "блато"
},
{
"word": "муљ"
},
{
"word": "каљуга"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kâːl/"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns",
"Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian masculine nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Ukrainian uncountable nouns",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kalýna",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
},
{
"roman": "kalýty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кали́ти"
},
{
"roman": "kálovyj",
"word": "ка́ловий"
},
{
"roman": "kálʹnyj",
"word": "ка́льний"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лові",
"roman": "kálovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лі",
"roman": "káli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"excrement, feces, poo, dung"
],
"links": [
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian vulgarities"
],
"glosses": [
"crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"links": [
[
"crap",
"crap"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"shit",
"shit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian dated terms",
"Ukrainian dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"dirt, mud"
],
"links": [
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or dialectal) dirt, mud"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кал meaning in All languages combined (28.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"кал"
],
"section": "Moksha",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "кал",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"кал"
],
"section": "Moksha",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "кал",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"кал"
],
"section": "Moksha",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "кал",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.