See кал on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for кал meaning in All languages combined (26.2kB)
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "bg", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "bg-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калта́", "roman": "kaltá", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "singular" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал", "2": "f" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) f", "name": "bg-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал<(f)/n:sg>" }, "name": "bg-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Bulgarian", "lang_code": "bg", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "mud, dirt" ], "id": "en-кал-bg-noun-eDUZc7nb", "links": [ [ "mud", "mud" ], [ "dirt", "dirt" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" }, { "rhymes": "-aɫ" }, { "audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кал.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg", "text": "Audio" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "urj-mdv-pro", "3": "*kalə" }, "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "urj-pro", "3": "*kala", "4": "", "5": "fish" }, "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "kala" }, "expansion": "Finnish kala", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sjd", "2": "кӯлль" }, "expansion": "Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "mhr", "2": "кол" }, "expansion": "Eastern Mari кол (kol)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "hal" }, "expansion": "Hungarian hal", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "yrk", "2": "халя" }, "expansion": "Tundra Nenets халя (xalya)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal)", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "кал" ], "lang": "Erzya", "lang_code": "myv", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Erzya entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?", "ref": "1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21", "text": "I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "fish" ], "hyponyms": [ { "english": "roach", "roman": "seŕge", "word": "сэрьге" } ], "id": "en-кал-myv-noun-tHSpmicF", "links": [ [ "fish", "fish" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kal/" }, { "rhymes": "-al" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "mk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "mk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh+" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "калови", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "калца", "tags": [ "diminutive" ] }, { "form": "калиште", "tags": [ "augmentative" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mk-decl-noun-m", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калови", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калот", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "singular", "unspecified" ] }, { "form": "каловите", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "plural", "unspecified" ] }, { "form": "калов", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "proximal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "каловиве", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "plural", "proximal" ] }, { "form": "калон", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "distal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "каловине", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "distal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "калови", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "count-form", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кала", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "count-form", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mk-decl-noun-f", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калта", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "singular", "unspecified" ] }, { "form": "калва", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "proximal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кална", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "distal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "калови", "aug": "калиште", "dim": "калца", "g2": "f" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)", "name": "mk-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "", "2": "калов", "pov": "1" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-m" }, { "args": { "accel-gender": "m", "col_pl": "", "col_pl2": "", "col_sg": "калје", "col_sg2": "", "count": "кала", "def_dist_pl": "каловине", "def_dist_sg": "калон", "def_prox_pl": "каловиве", "def_prox_sg": "калов", "def_unsp_pl": "каловите", "def_unsp_sg": "калот", "ind_pl": "калови", "ind_sg": "кал", "n": "", "voc_pl": "калови", "voc_sg": "калу", "voc_sg2": "" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-table" }, { "args": { "3": "кал", "n": "sg" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-f" }, { "args": { "col_pl": "", "col_pl2": "", "col_sg": "каје", "col_sg2": "", "def_dist_pl": "каине", "def_dist_sg": "кална", "def_prox_pl": "каиве", "def_prox_sg": "калва", "def_unsp_pl": "каите", "def_unsp_sg": "калта", "ind_pl": "каи", "ind_sg": "кал", "n": "sg", "voc_pl": "каи", "voc_sg": "кал" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single" } ], "lang": "Macedonian", "lang_code": "mk", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Macedonian singularia tantum", "parents": [ "Singularia tantum", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" } ], "derived": [ { "roman": "iskalosa", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "искалоса" }, { "roman": "kalište", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "калиште" }, { "roman": "kalliv", "word": "каллив" }, { "roman": "kalca", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "калца" } ], "glosses": [ "mud" ], "id": "en-кал-mk-noun-rwf~kat8", "links": [ [ "mud", "mud" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кал.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg", "text": "Audio" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mdf", "2": "urj-mdv-pro", "3": "*kalə" }, "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "mdf", "2": "urj-pro", "3": "*kala" }, "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "кал" }, "expansion": "Erzya кал (kal)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mdf-decl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калхт", "roman": "kalht", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калонь", "roman": "kaloń", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "калонди", "roman": "kalonďi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative" ] }, { "form": "калшка", "roman": "kalška", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "калда", "roman": "kalda", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative" ] }, { "form": "калу", "roman": "kalu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "lative" ] }, { "form": "калс", "roman": "kals", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative" ] }, { "form": "калса", "roman": "kalsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive" ] }, { "form": "калста", "roman": "kalsta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative" ] }, { "form": "калга", "roman": "kalga", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "prolative" ] }, { "form": "калонкса", "roman": "kalonksa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "causative" ] }, { "form": "калкс", "roman": "kalks", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "translative" ] }, { "form": "калфтома", "roman": "kalftoma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mdf-decl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "калсь", "roman": "kalś", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калне", "roman": "kalńe", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калть", "roman": "kalť", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калнень", "roman": "kalńeń", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калти", "roman": "kalťi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "definite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калненди", "roman": "kalńenďi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "definite", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mdf", "2": "noun", "head": "кал" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal)", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "кал • (kal)", "name": "mdf-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "кал" ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "mdf-decl" }, { "args": { "1": "кал", "10": "калга", "11": "калонкса", "12": "калкс", "13": "калфтома", "14": "калхт", "2": "калонь", "3": "калонди", "4": "калшка", "5": "калда", "6": "калу", "7": "калс", "8": "калса", "9": "калста", "n": "" }, "name": "mdf-decl-table" }, { "args": { "1": "калсь", "2": "калть", "3": "калти", "4": "калне", "5": "калнень", "6": "калненди", "n": "" }, "name": "mdf-decl-def" } ], "lang": "Moksha", "lang_code": "mdf", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Moksha entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "mdf", "name": "Vertebrates", "orig": "mdf:Vertebrates", "parents": [ "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w" } ], "derived": [ { "roman": "kaloń kundaj", "word": "калонь кундай" }, { "roman": "kaloń kundama", "word": "калонь кундама" }, { "roman": "kaloń salaj", "word": "калонь салай" } ], "glosses": [ "fish" ], "id": "en-кал-mdf-noun-tHSpmicF", "links": [ [ "fish", "fish" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkal/" }, { "rhymes": "-al" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ", "4": "", "5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ", "gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "gloss": "mud, swamp" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "ка́ла", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "ка́лы", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́лов", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ru-noun-table", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "hard-stem", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "accent-a", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ка́л", "roman": "kál", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лы", "roman": "kály", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́ла", "roman": "kála", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лов", "roman": "kálov", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лам", "roman": "kálam", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́л", "roman": "kál", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лы", "roman": "kály", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́лом", "roman": "kálom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лами", "roman": "kálami", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́ле", "roman": "kále", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "prepositional", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лах", "roman": "kálax", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "prepositional" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов)", "name": "ru-noun+" } ], "lang": "Russian", "lang_code": "ru", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [ "Links with redundant wikilinks", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "97 3", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "ru", "name": "Feces", "orig": "ru:Feces", "parents": [ "Body", "Toilet (room)", "Human", "Hygiene", "Rooms", "All topics", "Health", "Buildings and structures", "Fundamental", "Architecture", "Applied sciences", "Art", "Sciences", "Culture", "Society" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "54 46", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "ru", "name": "Units of measure", "orig": "ru:Units of measure", "parents": [ "Metrology", "Quantity", "Applied sciences", "Mathematics", "Sciences", "Formal sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "roman": "kálovyj", "word": "ка́ловый" } ], "glosses": [ "dung, excrement, feces, poo" ], "id": "en-кал-ru-noun-cphxeXYZ", "links": [ [ "dung", "dung" ], [ "excrement", "excrement" ], [ "feces", "feces" ], [ "poo", "poo" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "испражне́ния" }, { "word": "наво́з" }, { "word": "помёт" }, { "word": "стул" }, { "word": "экскреме́нты" }, { "word": "фека́лии" }, { "roman": "kal", "word": "калъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "кало́рия", "3": "", "4": "calorie" }, "expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)", "name": "abbrev" } ], "etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "", "2": "f-in", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)", "name": "ru-noun" } ], "lang": "Russian", "lang_code": "ru", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "12 88", "kind": "other", "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "54 46", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "ru", "name": "Units of measure", "orig": "ru:Units of measure", "parents": [ "Metrology", "Quantity", "Applied sciences", "Mathematics", "Sciences", "Formal sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "cal, calorie" ], "id": "en-кал-ru-noun-XBaoPpEm", "links": [ [ "cal", "cal" ], [ "calorie", "calorie" ] ], "tags": [ "indeclinable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*keh₂los", "4": "", "5": "dark" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "cālīgō", "3": "", "4": "darkness, gloom" }, "expansion": "Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "काल", "3": "", "4": "black" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).", "forms": [ { "form": "ка̑л", "tags": [ "canonical", "masculine" ] }, { "form": "kȃl", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sh-decl-noun\n", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кали", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "кала", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кала", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калима", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кале", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "кали", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калима", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калем", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калима", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "m", "head": "ка̑л" }, "expansion": "ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)", "name": "sh-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал", "10": "кали", "11": "калу", "12": "калима", "13": "калем", "14": "калима", "2": "кали", "3": "кала", "4": "кала", "5": "калу", "6": "калима", "7": "кал", "8": "кале", "9": "калу" }, "name": "sh-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "lang_code": "sh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "sh", "name": "Geology", "orig": "sh:Geology", "parents": [ "Earth sciences", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "mud" ], "id": "en-кал-sh-noun-rwf~kat8", "links": [ [ "mud", "mud" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "блато" }, { "word": "муљ" }, { "word": "каљуга" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kâːl/" } ], "word": "кал" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "kálovyj", "word": "ка́ловий" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "kálʹnyj", "word": "ка́льний" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "kalýna", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "кали́на" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "kalýty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "кали́ти" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "4": "", "5": "dirt" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "uk-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "accent-a", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лові", "roman": "kálovi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лом", "roman": "kálom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лі", "roman": "káli", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́ле", "roman": "kále", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал<sg>" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)", "name": "uk-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал<sg>" }, "name": "uk-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Ukrainian", "lang_code": "uk", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "50 8 42", "kind": "other", "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "41 22 37", "kind": "other", "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "excrement, feces, poo, dung" ], "id": "en-кал-uk-noun--EYb0fjj", "links": [ [ "excrement", "excrement" ], [ "feces", "feces" ], [ "poo", "poo" ], [ "dung", "dung" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "41 22 37", "kind": "other", "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "crap, junk, trash, shit" ], "id": "en-кал-uk-noun-d6HA4b6H", "links": [ [ "crap", "crap" ], [ "junk", "junk" ], [ "trash", "trash" ], [ "shit", "shit" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit" ], "tags": [ "figuratively", "uncountable", "vulgar" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "50 8 42", "kind": "other", "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "41 22 37", "kind": "other", "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "dirt, mud" ], "id": "en-кал-uk-noun-1iQdpOW8", "links": [ [ "dirt", "dirt" ], [ "mud", "mud" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(dated or dialectal) dirt, mud" ], "tags": [ "dated", "dialectal", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-кал.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg", "text": "Audio" } ], "word": "кал" }
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "bg", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "bg-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калта́", "roman": "kaltá", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "singular" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал", "2": "f" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) f", "name": "bg-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал<(f)/n:sg>" }, "name": "bg-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Bulgarian", "lang_code": "bg", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header", "Bulgarian feminine nouns", "Bulgarian lemmas", "Bulgarian nouns", "Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic", "Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic", "Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Bulgarian terms with audio links", "Bulgarian terms with redundant head parameter", "Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ", "Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ/1 syllable" ], "glosses": [ "mud, dirt" ], "links": [ [ "mud", "mud" ], [ "dirt", "dirt" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" }, { "rhymes": "-aɫ" }, { "audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кал.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg", "text": "Audio" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "urj-mdv-pro", "3": "*kalə" }, "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "urj-pro", "3": "*kala", "4": "", "5": "fish" }, "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "fi", "2": "kala" }, "expansion": "Finnish kala", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sjd", "2": "кӯлль" }, "expansion": "Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "mhr", "2": "кол" }, "expansion": "Eastern Mari кол (kol)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "hal" }, "expansion": "Hungarian hal", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "yrk", "2": "халя" }, "expansion": "Tundra Nenets халя (xalya)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal)", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "кал" ], "hyponyms": [ { "english": "roach", "roman": "seŕge", "word": "сэрьге" } ], "lang": "Erzya", "lang_code": "myv", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Erzya entries with incorrect language header", "Erzya lemmas", "Erzya nouns", "Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic", "Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic", "Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic", "Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic", "Erzya terms with IPA pronunciation", "Erzya terms with quotations", "Requests for transliteration of Erzya quotations", "Rhymes:Erzya/al", "Rhymes:Erzya/al/1 syllable" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?", "ref": "1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21", "text": "I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "fish" ], "links": [ [ "fish", "fish" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kal/" }, { "rhymes": "-al" } ], "word": "кал" } { "derived": [ { "roman": "iskalosa", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "искалоса" }, { "roman": "kalište", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "калиште" }, { "roman": "kalliv", "word": "каллив" }, { "roman": "kalca", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "калца" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "mk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "mk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh+" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "калови", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "калца", "tags": [ "diminutive" ] }, { "form": "калиште", "tags": [ "augmentative" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mk-decl-noun-m", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калови", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калот", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "singular", "unspecified" ] }, { "form": "каловите", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "plural", "unspecified" ] }, { "form": "калов", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "proximal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "каловиве", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "plural", "proximal" ] }, { "form": "калон", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "distal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "каловине", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "distal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "калови", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "count-form", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кала", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "count-form", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mk-decl-noun-f", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калта", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "singular", "unspecified" ] }, { "form": "калва", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "proximal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кална", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "distal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "калови", "aug": "калиште", "dim": "калца", "g2": "f" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)", "name": "mk-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "", "2": "калов", "pov": "1" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-m" }, { "args": { "accel-gender": "m", "col_pl": "", "col_pl2": "", "col_sg": "калје", "col_sg2": "", "count": "кала", "def_dist_pl": "каловине", "def_dist_sg": "калон", "def_prox_pl": "каловиве", "def_prox_sg": "калов", "def_unsp_pl": "каловите", "def_unsp_sg": "калот", "ind_pl": "калови", "ind_sg": "кал", "n": "", "voc_pl": "калови", "voc_sg": "калу", "voc_sg2": "" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-table" }, { "args": { "3": "кал", "n": "sg" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-f" }, { "args": { "col_pl": "", "col_pl2": "", "col_sg": "каје", "col_sg2": "", "def_dist_pl": "каине", "def_dist_sg": "кална", "def_prox_pl": "каиве", "def_prox_sg": "калва", "def_unsp_pl": "каите", "def_unsp_sg": "калта", "ind_pl": "каи", "ind_sg": "кал", "n": "sg", "voc_pl": "каи", "voc_sg": "кал" }, "name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single" } ], "lang": "Macedonian", "lang_code": "mk", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Macedonian 1-syllable words", "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header", "Macedonian feminine nouns", "Macedonian lemmas", "Macedonian masculine nouns", "Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови", "Macedonian nouns", "Macedonian nouns with multiple genders", "Macedonian nouns with red links in their headword lines", "Macedonian oxytone terms", "Macedonian singularia tantum", "Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic", "Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic", "Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Macedonian terms with audio links" ], "glosses": [ "mud" ], "links": [ [ "mud", "mud" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кал.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg", "text": "Audio" } ], "word": "кал" } { "derived": [ { "roman": "kaloń kundaj", "word": "калонь кундай" }, { "roman": "kaloń kundama", "word": "калонь кундама" }, { "roman": "kaloń salaj", "word": "калонь салай" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mdf", "2": "urj-mdv-pro", "3": "*kalə" }, "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "mdf", "2": "urj-pro", "3": "*kala" }, "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "myv", "2": "кал" }, "expansion": "Erzya кал (kal)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mdf-decl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калхт", "roman": "kalht", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калонь", "roman": "kaloń", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "калонди", "roman": "kalonďi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative" ] }, { "form": "калшка", "roman": "kalška", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "калда", "roman": "kalda", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative" ] }, { "form": "калу", "roman": "kalu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "lative" ] }, { "form": "калс", "roman": "kals", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative" ] }, { "form": "калса", "roman": "kalsa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive" ] }, { "form": "калста", "roman": "kalsta", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative" ] }, { "form": "калга", "roman": "kalga", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "prolative" ] }, { "form": "калонкса", "roman": "kalonksa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "causative" ] }, { "form": "калкс", "roman": "kalks", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "translative" ] }, { "form": "калфтома", "roman": "kalftoma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "abessive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "mdf-decl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "калсь", "roman": "kalś", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калне", "roman": "kalńe", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калть", "roman": "kalť", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калнень", "roman": "kalńeń", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калти", "roman": "kalťi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "definite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калненди", "roman": "kalńenďi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "definite", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mdf", "2": "noun", "head": "кал" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal)", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "кал • (kal)", "name": "mdf-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "кал" ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "mdf-decl" }, { "args": { "1": "кал", "10": "калга", "11": "калонкса", "12": "калкс", "13": "калфтома", "14": "калхт", "2": "калонь", "3": "калонди", "4": "калшка", "5": "калда", "6": "калу", "7": "калс", "8": "калса", "9": "калста", "n": "" }, "name": "mdf-decl-table" }, { "args": { "1": "калсь", "2": "калть", "3": "калти", "4": "калне", "5": "калнень", "6": "калненди", "n": "" }, "name": "mdf-decl-def" } ], "lang": "Moksha", "lang_code": "mdf", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Moksha entries with incorrect language header", "Moksha lemmas", "Moksha nouns", "Moksha terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic", "Moksha terms derived from Proto-Uralic", "Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic", "Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Uralic", "Moksha terms with IPA pronunciation", "Moksha terms with redundant head parameter", "Rhymes:Moksha/al", "Rhymes:Moksha/al/1 syllable", "mdf:Vertebrates" ], "glosses": [ "fish" ], "links": [ [ "fish", "fish" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkal/" }, { "rhymes": "-al" } ], "word": "кал" } { "categories": [ "Russian 1-syllable words", "Russian 4-syllable words", "Russian abbreviations", "Russian entries with incorrect language header", "Russian feminine nouns", "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns", "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns", "Russian inanimate nouns", "Russian indeclinable nouns", "Russian lemmas", "Russian links with redundant wikilinks", "Russian masculine nouns", "Russian nouns", "Russian nouns with accent pattern a", "Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic", "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic", "Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic", "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic", "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Russian terms with redundant head parameter", "ru:Feces", "ru:Units of measure" ], "derived": [ { "roman": "kálovyj", "word": "ка́ловый" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ", "4": "", "5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ", "gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "gloss": "mud, swamp" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "ка́ла", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "ка́лы", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́лов", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ru-noun-table", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "hard-stem", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "accent-a", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ка́л", "roman": "kál", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лы", "roman": "kály", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́ла", "roman": "kála", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лов", "roman": "kálov", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лам", "roman": "kálam", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́л", "roman": "kál", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лы", "roman": "kály", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́лом", "roman": "kálom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лами", "roman": "kálami", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ка́ле", "roman": "kále", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "prepositional", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лах", "roman": "kálax", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "prepositional" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов)", "name": "ru-noun+" } ], "lang": "Russian", "lang_code": "ru", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "dung, excrement, feces, poo" ], "links": [ [ "dung", "dung" ], [ "excrement", "excrement" ], [ "feces", "feces" ], [ "poo", "poo" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "испражне́ния" }, { "word": "наво́з" }, { "word": "помёт" }, { "word": "стул" }, { "word": "экскреме́нты" }, { "word": "фека́лии" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" } ], "synonyms": [ { "roman": "kal", "word": "калъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)" } ], "word": "кал" } { "categories": [ "Russian 4-syllable words", "Russian abbreviations", "Russian entries with incorrect language header", "Russian feminine nouns", "Russian inanimate nouns", "Russian indeclinable nouns", "Russian lemmas", "Russian nouns", "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Russian terms with redundant head parameter", "ru:Feces", "ru:Units of measure" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "кало́рия", "3": "", "4": "calorie" }, "expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)", "name": "abbrev" } ], "etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "", "2": "f-in", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)", "name": "ru-noun" } ], "lang": "Russian", "lang_code": "ru", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "cal, calorie" ], "links": [ [ "cal", "cal" ], [ "calorie", "calorie" ] ], "tags": [ "indeclinable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]" } ], "word": "кал" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "sh", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*keh₂los", "4": "", "5": "dark" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "cālīgō", "3": "", "4": "darkness, gloom" }, "expansion": "Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "काल", "3": "", "4": "black" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).", "forms": [ { "form": "ка̑л", "tags": [ "canonical", "masculine" ] }, { "form": "kȃl", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sh-decl-noun\n", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кали", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "кала", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кала", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калима", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "кал", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кале", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "кали", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "калу", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калима", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "калем", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "калима", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "m", "head": "ка̑л" }, "expansion": "ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)", "name": "sh-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал", "10": "кали", "11": "калу", "12": "калима", "13": "калем", "14": "калима", "2": "кали", "3": "кала", "4": "кала", "5": "калу", "6": "калима", "7": "кал", "8": "кале", "9": "калу" }, "name": "sh-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "lang_code": "sh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header", "Serbo-Croatian lemmas", "Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns", "Serbo-Croatian nouns", "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic", "Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic", "Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation", "sh:Geology" ], "glosses": [ "mud" ], "links": [ [ "mud", "mud" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "блато" }, { "word": "муљ" }, { "word": "каљуга" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kâːl/" } ], "word": "кал" } { "categories": [ "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header", "Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns", "Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns", "Ukrainian inanimate nouns", "Ukrainian lemmas", "Ukrainian masculine nouns", "Ukrainian nouns", "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a", "Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic", "Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic", "Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic", "Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic", "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Ukrainian terms with audio links", "Ukrainian terms with redundant head parameter", "Ukrainian uncountable nouns" ], "derived": [ { "roman": "kálovyj", "word": "ка́ловий" }, { "roman": "kálʹnyj", "word": "ка́льний" }, { "roman": "kalýna", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "кали́на" }, { "roman": "kalýty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "кали́ти" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "orv", "3": "калъ" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*kalъ", "4": "", "5": "dirt" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).", "forms": [ { "form": "kal", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "uk-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "accent-a", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лові", "roman": "kálovi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "кал", "roman": "kal", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лом", "roman": "kálom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лу", "roman": "kálu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́лі", "roman": "káli", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ка́ле", "roman": "kále", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал<sg>" }, "expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)", "name": "uk-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "кал<sg>" }, "name": "uk-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Ukrainian", "lang_code": "uk", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "excrement, feces, poo, dung" ], "links": [ [ "excrement", "excrement" ], [ "feces", "feces" ], [ "poo", "poo" ], [ "dung", "dung" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "Ukrainian vulgarities" ], "glosses": [ "crap, junk, trash, shit" ], "links": [ [ "crap", "crap" ], [ "junk", "junk" ], [ "trash", "trash" ], [ "shit", "shit" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit" ], "tags": [ "figuratively", "uncountable", "vulgar" ] }, { "categories": [ "Ukrainian dated terms", "Ukrainian dialectal terms" ], "glosses": [ "dirt, mud" ], "links": [ [ "dirt", "dirt" ], [ "mud", "mud" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(dated or dialectal) dirt, mud" ], "tags": [ "dated", "dialectal", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[kaɫ]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-кал.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg", "text": "Audio" } ], "word": "кал" }
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for </span>", "path": [ "кал" ], "section": "Moksha", "subsection": "noun", "title": "кал", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "кал" ], "section": "Moksha", "subsection": "noun", "title": "кал", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "кал" ], "section": "Moksha", "subsection": "noun", "title": "кал", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.