See yearning in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for yearning meaning in English (16.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"id": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "yerning"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yerning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġierning"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġierning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġierninge"
},
"expansion": "ġierninge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*girnijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *girnijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*girnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *girnijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gernaz",
"3": "",
"4": "eager, willing"
},
"expansion": "*gernaz (“eager, willing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "*-janą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to yearn for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English yerning, from Old English ġierning, ġierninge. Equivalent to the gerund (yearn + -ing). yearn comes from Proto-West Germanic *girnijan, from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną, from *gernaz (“eager, willing”) + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yearnings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "yearning (plural yearnings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"yearn‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yearn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "She had a yearning to see her long-lost sister again."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wistful or melancholy longing."
],
"id": "en-yearning-en-noun-jMXAMnnV",
"links": [
[
"wistful",
"wistful"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
],
[
"longing",
"longing"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šawq",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَوْق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "karot",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "կարոտ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kopnež",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "копнеж"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žaduvane",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жадуване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anhel"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chōngjǐng",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "憧憬"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stesk"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tesknění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stýskání"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "længsel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "dezirego"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "kaipuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "kaipaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "ikävä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aspiration"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "envie"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣q̇urvili",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "წყურვილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sehnsucht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "großes Verlangen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "póthos",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πόθος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "órexis",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ὄρεξις"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epithumía",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἐπιθυμία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kisufim",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "כִּיסּוּפִים"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "kaiho"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brama"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nostalgia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anelito"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "voglia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desiderio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bramosia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "struggimento"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akogare",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "あこがれ"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "dulap"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "donggyeong",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "동경"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "poreirewa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tęsknota"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "saudade"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dorință arzătoare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "năzuință"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjága",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тя́га"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sklónnostʹ",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скло́нность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stremlénije",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стремле́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "sadness",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "toská",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тоска́"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "chandas",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "छन्दस्"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "čežnja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anhelo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "längtan"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "ñyās"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "hasret"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "özlem"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "iştiyak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɝnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɜːnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-yearning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg/En-us-yearning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "yearning"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"id": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "yerning"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yerning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġierning"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġierning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġierninge"
},
"expansion": "ġierninge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*girnijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *girnijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*girnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *girnijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gernaz",
"3": "",
"4": "eager, willing"
},
"expansion": "*gernaz (“eager, willing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "*-janą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to yearn for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English yerning, from Old English ġierning, ġierninge. Equivalent to the gerund (yearn + -ing). yearn comes from Proto-West Germanic *girnijan, from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną, from *gernaz (“eager, willing”) + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "yearning",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"yearn‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 40 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 48 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "yearn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of yearn"
],
"id": "en-yearning-en-verb-hLcIz0rS",
"links": [
[
"yearn",
"yearn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɝnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɜːnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-yearning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg/En-us-yearning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "yearning"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "*ḱóm",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yerning"
},
"expansion": "yerning",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "yernyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yernyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "erning"
},
"expansion": "erning",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "renning"
},
"expansion": "renning",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rynning"
},
"expansion": "Old English rynning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gerunnen"
},
"expansion": "gerunnen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "geurnen",
"3": "",
"4": "run together, coagulated, curdled"
},
"expansion": "geurnen (“run together, coagulated, curdled”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gerinnan"
},
"expansion": "gerinnan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "geirnan"
},
"expansion": "geirnan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "yern",
"3": "",
"4": "to (cause to) coagulate or curdle",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yern (“to (cause to) coagulate or curdle”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "iernan",
"3": "",
"4": "to run, flow",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old English iernan (“to run, flow”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rinnan",
"3": "",
"4": "to run"
},
"expansion": "rinnan (“to run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"4": "",
"5": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, by”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rinnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rinnaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃r̥-néw-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃er-",
"3": "",
"4": "to move"
},
"expansion": "*h₃er- (“to move”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rennet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of rennet",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "run",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom earlier yerning, from Middle English yernyng, erning, renning. From Old English rynning and gerunnen, geurnen (“run together, coagulated, curdled”), past participles of gerinnan, geirnan, respectively. Influenced by Middle English yern (“to (cause to) coagulate or curdle”), Old English iernan (“to run, flow”), metathesized forms derived from the same origin. From verbal prefix ge- + rinnan (“to run”). First element is from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, by”); second element is from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti, from *h₃er- (“to move”). Doublet of rennet, run.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yearnings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "yearning (countable and uncountable, plural yearnings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"yearn‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yearn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 57 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 48 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 72 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Enzymes",
"orig": "en:Enzymes",
"parents": [
"Proteins",
"Biomolecules",
"Biochemistry",
"Body parts",
"Organic compounds",
"Biology",
"Chemistry",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Matter",
"Sciences",
"Human",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rennet (an enzyme to curdle milk in order to make cheese)."
],
"id": "en-yearning-en-noun-fCxKgaqM",
"links": [
[
"rennet",
"rennet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, archaic) rennet (an enzyme to curdle milk in order to make cheese)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "earn"
},
{
"word": "rennet"
}
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɝnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɜːnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-yearning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg/En-us-yearning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "yearning"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English abstract nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃er-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (yearn)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ/2 syllables",
"en:Enzymes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"id": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "yerning"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yerning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġierning"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġierning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġierninge"
},
"expansion": "ġierninge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*girnijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *girnijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*girnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *girnijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gernaz",
"3": "",
"4": "eager, willing"
},
"expansion": "*gernaz (“eager, willing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "*-janą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to yearn for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English yerning, from Old English ġierning, ġierninge. Equivalent to the gerund (yearn + -ing). yearn comes from Proto-West Germanic *girnijan, from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną, from *gernaz (“eager, willing”) + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yearnings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "yearning (plural yearnings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"yearn‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "yearn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "She had a yearning to see her long-lost sister again."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wistful or melancholy longing."
],
"links": [
[
"wistful",
"wistful"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
],
[
"longing",
"longing"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɝnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɜːnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-yearning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg/En-us-yearning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šawq",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَوْق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "karot",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "կարոտ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kopnež",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "копнеж"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žaduvane",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жадуване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anhel"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chōngjǐng",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "憧憬"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stesk"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tesknění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stýskání"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "længsel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "dezirego"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "kaipuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "kaipaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "ikävä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aspiration"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "envie"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣q̇urvili",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "წყურვილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sehnsucht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "großes Verlangen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "póthos",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πόθος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "órexis",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ὄρεξις"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epithumía",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἐπιθυμία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kisufim",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "כִּיסּוּפִים"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "kaiho"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brama"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nostalgia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anelito"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "voglia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desiderio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bramosia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "struggimento"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akogare",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "あこがれ"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "dulap"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "donggyeong",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "동경"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "poreirewa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tęsknota"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "saudade"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dorință arzătoare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "năzuință"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjága",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тя́га"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sklónnostʹ",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скло́нность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stremlénije",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стремле́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "sadness",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "toská",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тоска́"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "chandas",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "छन्दस्"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "čežnja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anhelo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "längtan"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "ñyās"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "hasret"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "özlem"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wistful or melancholy longing",
"word": "iştiyak"
}
],
"word": "yearning"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English abstract nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃er-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (yearn)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ/2 syllables",
"en:Enzymes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"id": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "yerning"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yerning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġierning"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġierning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġierninge"
},
"expansion": "ġierninge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "-ing",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "yearn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*girnijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *girnijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*girnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *girnijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gernaz",
"3": "",
"4": "eager, willing"
},
"expansion": "*gernaz (“eager, willing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-janą"
},
"expansion": "*-janą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to yearn for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English yerning, from Old English ġierning, ġierninge. Equivalent to the gerund (yearn + -ing). yearn comes from Proto-West Germanic *girnijan, from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną, from *gernaz (“eager, willing”) + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "yearning",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"yearn‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "yearn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of yearn"
],
"links": [
[
"yearn",
"yearn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɝnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɜːnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-yearning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg/En-us-yearning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "yearning"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English abstract nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃er-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbal nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ/2 syllables",
"en:Enzymes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "*ḱóm",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yerning"
},
"expansion": "yerning",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "yernyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yernyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "erning"
},
"expansion": "erning",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "renning"
},
"expansion": "renning",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rynning"
},
"expansion": "Old English rynning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gerunnen"
},
"expansion": "gerunnen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "geurnen",
"3": "",
"4": "run together, coagulated, curdled"
},
"expansion": "geurnen (“run together, coagulated, curdled”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gerinnan"
},
"expansion": "gerinnan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "geirnan"
},
"expansion": "geirnan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "yern",
"3": "",
"4": "to (cause to) coagulate or curdle",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yern (“to (cause to) coagulate or curdle”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "iernan",
"3": "",
"4": "to run, flow",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old English iernan (“to run, flow”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rinnan",
"3": "",
"4": "to run"
},
"expansion": "rinnan (“to run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"4": "",
"5": "with, by"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, by”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rinnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rinnaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃r̥-néw-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃er-",
"3": "",
"4": "to move"
},
"expansion": "*h₃er- (“to move”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rennet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of rennet",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "run",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom earlier yerning, from Middle English yernyng, erning, renning. From Old English rynning and gerunnen, geurnen (“run together, coagulated, curdled”), past participles of gerinnan, geirnan, respectively. Influenced by Middle English yern (“to (cause to) coagulate or curdle”), Old English iernan (“to run, flow”), metathesized forms derived from the same origin. From verbal prefix ge- + rinnan (“to run”). First element is from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, by”); second element is from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti, from *h₃er- (“to move”). Doublet of rennet, run.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yearnings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "yearning (countable and uncountable, plural yearnings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"yearn‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "yearn"
},
{
"word": "earn"
},
{
"word": "rennet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"rennet (an enzyme to curdle milk in order to make cheese)."
],
"links": [
[
"rennet",
"rennet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, archaic) rennet (an enzyme to curdle milk in order to make cheese)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɝnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈjɜːnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-yearning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg/En-us-yearning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-yearning.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "yearning"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.