"vis-à-vis" meaning in English

See vis-à-vis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/ [UK], /viːz.æˈviː/ [UK], /viz.ɑˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [Canada] Audio: en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg , en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis. Etymology templates: {{ubor|en|fr|vis-à-vis}} Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} vis-à-vis (not comparable)
  1. Face-to-face. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-adj-aHO42Mir
  2. (numismatics, of a coin) Having two portraits facing each other. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-adj-z7yvIjNf Topics: hobbies, lifestyle, numismatics
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vis-a-vis

Adverb

IPA: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/ [UK], /viːz.æˈviː/ [UK], /viz.ɑˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [Canada] Audio: en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg , en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis. Etymology templates: {{ubor|en|fr|vis-à-vis}} Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis Head templates: {{en-adv|-}} vis-à-vis (not comparable)
  1. Face to face (with another). Tags: not-comparable Translations (face to face): en relació a (Catalan), kasvokkain (Finnish), vastatusten (Finnish), vastakkain (Finnish), im Vergleich zu (German), gegenüber (German), in relazione a (Italian), ~에 관하여 (-e gwanhayeo) (Korean), face a face (Portuguese), cara a cara (Portuguese), друг про́тив дру́га (drug prótiv drúga) (Russian), licem u lice (Serbo-Croatian), u usporedbi s (english: (+ instrumental)) (Serbo-Croatian), en relación a (Spanish), bire bir, doğrudan doğruya (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-adv-tIOAjIpR Disambiguation of 'face to face': 99 1
  2. (archaic) In a position facing a specified or implied subject. Tags: archaic, not-comparable
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-adv-v2TzLHgS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vis-a-vis

Noun

IPA: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/ [UK], /viːz.æˈviː/ [UK], /viz.ɑˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [Canada] Audio: en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg , en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg Forms: vis-à-vis [plural]
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis. Etymology templates: {{ubor|en|fr|vis-à-vis}} Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis Head templates: {{en-noun|vis-à-vis|head=vis-à-vis}} vis-à-vis (plural vis-à-vis)
  1. (historical) A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other. Tags: historical Translations (carriage for two): vis-à-vis [masculine] (French), двуко́лка (dvukólka) [feminine] (Russian), визави́ (vizaví) [feminine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-Faa-WRwZ Disambiguation of 'carriage for two': 64 20 17 0 0
  2. A sofa with seats for two people, so arranged that the occupants are face to face while sitting on opposite sides.
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-EWy5v8KM Categories (other): Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Malay translations Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 2 7 1 5 8 11 7 13 17 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 3 5 1 5 8 12 6 14 17 8 21
  3. One of two (or more) people facing or opposite each other.
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-kQsZHWhl
  4. A date or escort in a social event. Translations (date): seuralainen (Finnish), acompanhante [common-gender] (Portuguese), ухажёр (uxažór) [masculine] (Russian), кавале́р (kavalér) [masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-2IywIQvS Categories (other): Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Malay translations Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 2 7 1 5 8 11 7 13 17 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 3 5 1 5 8 12 6 14 17 8 21 Disambiguation of 'date': 0 0 0 100 0
  5. A person holding a corresponding position in another organisation. Synonyms: counterpart Translations (person facing another): pari (Finnish), tanssipari (Finnish), pöytäpari (Finnish), vis-à-vis [masculine] (French), партнёр (partnjór) [masculine] (Russian), партнёрша (partnjórša) [feminine] (Russian), визави́ (vizaví) [feminine, masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-8xvuJiQK Categories (other): Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Malay translations Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 2 7 1 5 8 11 7 13 17 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 3 5 1 5 8 12 6 14 17 8 21 Disambiguation of 'person facing another': 12 8 17 3 59
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vis-a-vis

Preposition

IPA: /viːz.ɑːˈviː/ [UK], /viːz.æˈviː/ [UK], /viz.ɑˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [US], /viz.əˈvi/ [Canada] Audio: en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg , en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg
Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis. Etymology templates: {{ubor|en|fr|vis-à-vis}} Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis Head templates: {{head|en|prepositions|head=}} vis-à-vis, {{en-prep}} vis-à-vis
  1. In relation to; compared with. Translations (in relation to): فِي مُوَاجَهَة (fī muwājaha) (Arabic), vůči [with-dative] (Czech), sammenlignet med (Danish), verrattuna (Finnish), suhteessa (Finnish), vis-à-vis (French), viszonylatban (Hungarian), vonatkozásában (Hungarian), vonatkozóan (Hungarian), vonatkozólag (Hungarian), illetően (Hungarian), kapcsolatban (Hungarian), képest (english: compared to) (Hungarian), in base a (Italian), vis-a-vis (Malay), vis-à-vis (Norwegian Bokmål), sammenlignet med (Norwegian Bokmål), frente a (Portuguese), defronte (Portuguese), по отноше́нию к (po otnošéniju k) [with-dative] (Russian), в отноше́нии (v otnošénii) [with-genitive] (Russian), визави́ (vizaví) [with-genitive] (Russian), visavi (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-prep-FcfIFZRY Disambiguation of 'in relation to': 98 2
  2. Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing. Categories (topical): Carriages, Coins Translations (opposite): فِي مُوَاجَهَة (fī muwājaha) (Arabic), naproti [with-dative] (Czech), overfor (Danish), modsat (Danish), tegenover (Dutch), vastapäätä (Finnish), vis-à-vis (French), gegenüber (German), vis-à-vis (German), szemben (Hungarian), szemközt (Hungarian), átellenben (Hungarian), vis-a-vis (Malay), vis-à-vis (Norwegian Bokmål), overfor (Norwegian Bokmål), rett imot (Norwegian Bokmål), naprzeciw (Polish), naprzeciwko (Polish), vis-à-vis [literally] (Polish), face a face (Portuguese), cara a cara (Portuguese), напро́тив (naprótiv) [with-genitive] (Russian), насу́против (nasúprotiv) [dated, with-genitive] (Russian), визави́ (vizaví) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-vis-à-vis-en-prep-RkDJcXIA Disambiguation of Carriages: 1 8 1 3 10 12 6 16 8 11 24 Disambiguation of Coins: 1 15 1 3 9 10 9 13 8 10 20 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English prepositions, English reduplicated coordinated pairs, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 7 0 2 6 14 6 18 8 14 25 Disambiguation of English prepositions: 6 8 1 4 4 7 4 5 9 20 32 Disambiguation of English reduplicated coordinated pairs: 2 6 1 3 6 15 6 16 9 12 24 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 1 6 1 2 13 13 6 17 8 13 22 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 1 4 1 1 5 10 4 14 5 11 19 3 2 1 8 1 8 1 1 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 5 0 1 5 11 5 15 5 12 20 1 1 1 9 1 9 1 1 0 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 3 7 1 3 8 12 5 18 10 11 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 3 6 1 4 9 13 6 16 9 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 2 7 1 5 8 11 7 13 17 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 2 5 1 3 13 12 6 16 7 10 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 2 7 1 3 8 13 6 16 10 12 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 3 6 1 4 10 13 6 16 9 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 1 8 1 3 10 13 6 15 10 11 23 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 4 7 1 3 8 12 5 16 9 11 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 2 7 1 6 8 11 7 12 17 7 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 1 7 1 2 8 13 5 16 9 12 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 3 5 1 5 8 12 6 14 17 8 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 3 6 1 4 11 13 7 16 9 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 3 7 1 4 9 13 6 16 10 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 2 5 1 5 9 12 6 14 17 8 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 1 7 1 2 10 12 5 16 9 12 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 3 5 1 5 7 12 6 14 17 8 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 1 6 1 2 9 13 6 17 8 13 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 3 6 1 4 10 13 6 16 9 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 3 6 1 4 9 13 6 17 9 10 22 Disambiguation of 'opposite': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vis-a-vis

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Canada's role vis-à-vis the United States' in Afghanistan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In relation to; compared with."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-prep-FcfIFZRY",
      "links": [
        [
          "In relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ],
        [
          "compared",
          "compared"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "fī muwājaha",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "فِي مُوَاجَهَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "tags": [
            "with-dative"
          ],
          "word": "vůči"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "sammenlignet med"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "verrattuna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "suhteessa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "viszonylatban"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "vonatkozásában"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "vonatkozóan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "vonatkozólag"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "illetően"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "kapcsolatban"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "english": "compared to",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "képest"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "in base a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "vis-a-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "sammenlignet med"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "frente a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "defronte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "po otnošéniju k",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "tags": [
            "with-dative"
          ],
          "word": "по отноше́нию к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "v otnošénii",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "tags": [
            "with-genitive"
          ],
          "word": "в отноше́нии"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizaví",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "tags": [
            "with-genitive"
          ],
          "word": "визави́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "in relation to",
          "word": "visavi"
        }
      ]
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            "Reduplicated coordinated pairs",
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        {
          "_dis": "1 8 1 3 10 12 6 16 8 11 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Carriages",
          "orig": "en:Carriages",
          "parents": [
            "Vehicles",
            "Machines",
            "Transport",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 15 1 3 9 10 9 13 8 10 20",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Coins",
          "orig": "en:Coins",
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            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
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            "All topics",
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He was seated vis-à-vis the president.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-prep-RkDJcXIA",
      "links": [
        [
          "Opposite",
          "opposite"
        ],
        [
          "across from",
          "across from"
        ],
        [
          "facing",
          "facing"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "fī muwājaha",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "فِي مُوَاجَهَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "tags": [
            "with-dative"
          ],
          "word": "naproti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "overfor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "modsat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "tegenover"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "vastapäätä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "gegenüber"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "szemben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "szemközt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "átellenben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "vis-a-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "overfor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "rett imot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "naprzeciw"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "naprzeciwko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "tags": [
            "literally"
          ],
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "face a face"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "cara a cara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "naprótiv",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "tags": [
            "with-genitive"
          ],
          "word": "напро́тив"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nasúprotiv",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "tags": [
            "dated",
            "with-genitive"
          ],
          "word": "насу́против"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizaví",
          "sense": "opposite",
          "word": "визави́"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vis-à-vis",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vis-à-vis",
        "head": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis (plural vis-à-vis)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1761, Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume 3, Penguin, published 2003, page 188:",
          "text": "there is not a greater difference between a single-horse chair and madam Pompadour’s vis a vis, than betwixt a single amour, and an amour thus nobly doubled",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-Faa-WRwZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "horse-drawn",
          "horse-drawn"
        ],
        [
          "carriage",
          "carriage"
        ],
        [
          "each other",
          "each other"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "64 20 17 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "carriage for two",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 20 17 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dvukólka",
          "sense": "carriage for two",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "двуко́лка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 20 17 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizaví",
          "sense": "carriage for two",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "визави́"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 7 1 5 8 11 7 13 17 7 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 1 5 8 12 6 14 17 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malay translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sofa with seats for two people, so arranged that the occupants are face to face while sitting on opposite sides."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-EWy5v8KM",
      "links": [
        [
          "sofa",
          "sofa"
        ],
        [
          "seat",
          "seat"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1933, Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth, Penguin, published 2005, page 456:",
          "text": "But the wrath that I awaited did not descend. Instead, my young vis-à-vis merely looked melancholy.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of two (or more) people facing or opposite each other."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-kQsZHWhl"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 7 1 5 8 11 7 13 17 7 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 1 5 8 12 6 14 17 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malay translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Daughter of the Regiment”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio Society, published 2005, page 136:",
          "text": "That was what Miss McKenna said, and the Sergeant who was my vis-à-vis looked the same thing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A date or escort in a social event."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-2IywIQvS",
      "links": [
        [
          "date",
          "date"
        ],
        [
          "escort",
          "escort"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "date",
          "word": "seuralainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "date",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "acompanhante"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "uxažór",
          "sense": "date",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ухажёр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kavalér",
          "sense": "date",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кавале́р"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 7 1 5 8 11 7 13 17 7 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 1 5 8 12 6 14 17 8 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malay translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I talked with my vis-à-vis in the French embassy.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person holding a corresponding position in another organisation."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-noun-8xvuJiQK",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "counterpart"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 8 17 3 59",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person facing another",
          "word": "pari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 8 17 3 59",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person facing another",
          "word": "tanssipari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 8 17 3 59",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person facing another",
          "word": "pöytäpari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 8 17 3 59",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "person facing another",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vis-à-vis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 8 17 3 59",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "partnjór",
          "sense": "person facing another",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "партнёр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 8 17 3 59",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "partnjórša",
          "sense": "person facing another",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "партнёрша"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 8 17 3 59",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizaví",
          "sense": "person facing another",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "визави́"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg"
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Face-to-face."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-adj-aHO42Mir",
      "links": [
        [
          "Face-to-face",
          "face-to-face"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having two portraits facing each other."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-adj-z7yvIjNf",
      "links": [
        [
          "numismatics",
          "numismatics"
        ],
        [
          "portrait",
          "portrait"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(numismatics, of a coin) Having two portraits facing each other."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a coin"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "numismatics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1883, William Wallace Cook, “Aquastor”, in Overland Monthly, page 14:",
          "text": "[…]turning the seat in front so we could sit vis-a-vis",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Face to face (with another)."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-adv-tIOAjIpR",
      "links": [
        [
          "Face to face",
          "face to face"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "en relació a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "kasvokkain"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "vastatusten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "vastakkain"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "im Vergleich zu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "gegenüber"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "in relazione a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "-e gwanhayeo",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "~에 관하여"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "face a face"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "cara a cara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "drug prótiv drúga",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "друг про́тив дру́га"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "licem u lice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "english": "(+ instrumental)",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "u usporedbi s"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "note": "((+ genitive)) u vezi",
          "sense": "face to face"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "en relación a"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "face to face",
          "word": "bire bir, doğrudan doğruya"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "In a position facing a specified or implied subject."
      ],
      "id": "en-vis-à-vis-en-adv-v2TzLHgS",
      "links": [
        [
          "implied",
          "implied"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) In a position facing a specified or implied subject."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
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  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English prepositions",
    "English reduplicated coordinated pairs",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms spelled with À",
    "English terms spelled with ◌̀",
    "English terms with redundant head parameter",
    "English unadapted borrowings from French",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "en:Carriages",
    "en:Coins"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Canada's role vis-à-vis the United States' in Afghanistan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In relation to; compared with."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "In relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ],
        [
          "compared",
          "compared"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He was seated vis-à-vis the president.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Opposite",
          "opposite"
        ],
        [
          "across from",
          "across from"
        ],
        [
          "facing",
          "facing"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg"
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    {
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      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "fī muwājaha",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "فِي مُوَاجَهَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "tags": [
        "with-dative"
      ],
      "word": "vůči"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "sammenlignet med"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "verrattuna"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "suhteessa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "viszonylatban"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "vonatkozásában"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "vonatkozóan"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "vonatkozólag"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "illetően"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "kapcsolatban"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "english": "compared to",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "képest"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "in base a"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "sammenlignet med"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "frente a"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "defronte"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "po otnošéniju k",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "tags": [
        "with-dative"
      ],
      "word": "по отноше́нию к"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "v otnošénii",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "tags": [
        "with-genitive"
      ],
      "word": "в отноше́нии"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizaví",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "tags": [
        "with-genitive"
      ],
      "word": "визави́"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "in relation to",
      "word": "visavi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "fī muwājaha",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "فِي مُوَاجَهَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "tags": [
        "with-dative"
      ],
      "word": "naproti"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "overfor"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "modsat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "tegenover"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "vastapäätä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "gegenüber"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "szemben"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "szemközt"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "átellenben"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "overfor"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "rett imot"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "naprzeciw"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "naprzeciwko"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "face a face"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "cara a cara"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "naprótiv",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "tags": [
        "with-genitive"
      ],
      "word": "напро́тив"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nasúprotiv",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "with-genitive"
      ],
      "word": "насу́против"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizaví",
      "sense": "opposite",
      "word": "визави́"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English prepositions",
    "English reduplicated coordinated pairs",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms spelled with À",
    "English terms spelled with ◌̀",
    "English terms with redundant head parameter",
    "English unadapted borrowings from French",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "en:Carriages",
    "en:Coins"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vis-à-vis",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vis-à-vis",
        "head": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis (plural vis-à-vis)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1761, Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume 3, Penguin, published 2003, page 188:",
          "text": "there is not a greater difference between a single-horse chair and madam Pompadour’s vis a vis, than betwixt a single amour, and an amour thus nobly doubled",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "horse-drawn",
          "horse-drawn"
        ],
        [
          "carriage",
          "carriage"
        ],
        [
          "each other",
          "each other"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sofa with seats for two people, so arranged that the occupants are face to face while sitting on opposite sides."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sofa",
          "sofa"
        ],
        [
          "seat",
          "seat"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1933, Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth, Penguin, published 2005, page 456:",
          "text": "But the wrath that I awaited did not descend. Instead, my young vis-à-vis merely looked melancholy.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of two (or more) people facing or opposite each other."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Daughter of the Regiment”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio Society, published 2005, page 136:",
          "text": "That was what Miss McKenna said, and the Sergeant who was my vis-à-vis looked the same thing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A date or escort in a social event."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "date",
          "date"
        ],
        [
          "escort",
          "escort"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I talked with my vis-à-vis in the French embassy.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person holding a corresponding position in another organisation."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "counterpart"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg"
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    {
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "carriage for two",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dvukólka",
      "sense": "carriage for two",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "двуко́лка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizaví",
      "sense": "carriage for two",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "визави́"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person facing another",
      "word": "pari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person facing another",
      "word": "tanssipari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person facing another",
      "word": "pöytäpari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "person facing another",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vis-à-vis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "partnjór",
      "sense": "person facing another",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "партнёр"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "partnjórša",
      "sense": "person facing another",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "партнёрша"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizaví",
      "sense": "person facing another",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "визави́"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "date",
      "word": "seuralainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "date",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "acompanhante"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "uxažór",
      "sense": "date",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ухажёр"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kavalér",
      "sense": "date",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кавале́р"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English prepositions",
    "English reduplicated coordinated pairs",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms spelled with À",
    "English terms spelled with ◌̀",
    "English terms with redundant head parameter",
    "English unadapted borrowings from French",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "en:Carriages",
    "en:Coins"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Face-to-face."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Face-to-face",
          "face-to-face"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having two portraits facing each other."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "numismatics",
          "numismatics"
        ],
        [
          "portrait",
          "portrait"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(numismatics, of a coin) Having two portraits facing each other."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a coin"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "numismatics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English prepositions",
    "English reduplicated coordinated pairs",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms spelled with À",
    "English terms spelled with ◌̀",
    "English terms with redundant head parameter",
    "English unadapted borrowings from French",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "en:Carriages",
    "en:Coins"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "vis-à-vis"
      },
      "expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis",
      "name": "ubor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vis-à-vis (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1883, William Wallace Cook, “Aquastor”, in Overland Monthly, page 14:",
          "text": "[…]turning the seat in front so we could sit vis-a-vis",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Face to face (with another)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Face to face",
          "face to face"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In a position facing a specified or implied subject."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "implied",
          "implied"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) In a position facing a specified or implied subject."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.ɑːˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viːz.æˈviː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.ɑˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/viz.əˈvi/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vis-à-vis-2.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/En-us-vis-%C3%A0-vis-2.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vis-a-vis"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "en relació a"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "kasvokkain"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "vastatusten"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "vastakkain"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "im Vergleich zu"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "gegenüber"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "in relazione a"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "-e gwanhayeo",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "~에 관하여"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "face a face"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "cara a cara"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "drug prótiv drúga",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "друг про́тив дру́га"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "licem u lice"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "english": "(+ instrumental)",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "u usporedbi s"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "note": "((+ genitive)) u vezi",
      "sense": "face to face"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "en relación a"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "face to face",
      "word": "bire bir, doğrudan doğruya"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vis-à-vis"
}

Download raw JSONL data for vis-à-vis meaning in English (21.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": two-wheeler vs. dvukólka",
  "path": [
    "vis-à-vis"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "vis-à-vis",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.