See urban in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bucolic"
},
{
"word": "nonurban"
},
{
"word": "rural"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "exurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "suburban"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "antiurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cyburban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ellesmere Urban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "exurb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "interurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intraurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "peri-urban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "preurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "semiurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "single-point urban interchange"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "synurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unurban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban blight"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban boarding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban contemporary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban crawl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban culture"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban district"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban dweller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban exploration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban explorer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban fabric"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban fantasy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban fee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban furniture"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanicity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanistic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanitis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban legend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban lumberjack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban mine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban mining"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban myth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban Naxal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanoid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanonym"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanophilic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban planner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban planning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban prairie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban regeneration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban renew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-renew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban renewal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-renewed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban renewed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban reserve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-rural commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-rural gmina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban sanitary district"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urbanscape"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban scattering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban sprawl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban studies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-type settlement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban warfare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban warrior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Whitchurch Urban"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-",
"4": "*werbʰ-",
"5": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "urbain",
"t": "belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane"
},
"expansion": "Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "urbain"
},
"expansion": "French urbain",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "urbānus",
"t": "of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated"
},
"expansion": "Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-",
"t": "to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”) (modern French urbain), or from its etymon Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”) + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Urbānus is derived from urbs (“city; walled town; Rome”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”) or *werbʰ- (“to enclose”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).\nFor the euphemistic or proscribed term, it was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more urban",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most urban",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "urban (comparative more urban, superlative most urban)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"urb‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Urbanus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "urban life urban traffic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 22, page 30:",
"text": "As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside."
],
"id": "en-urban-en-adj-YNoXn-P~",
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic#Adjective"
],
[
"happening",
"happen#Verb"
],
[
"locate",
"locate"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"life",
"life#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"contrasted",
"contrast#Verb"
],
[
"countryside",
"countryside"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍariyy",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "حَضَرِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "madaniyy",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "مَدَنِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻaġakʻayin",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "քաղաքային"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "hiriko"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "haradskí",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "гарадскі́"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjéski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ме́скі"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grádski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "гра́дски"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "mrui.pra.",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "မြို့ပြ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbà"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngshì de",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "城市的"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dūshì de",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "都市的"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "městský"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "bymæssig"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "stedelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "stads-"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urba"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbain"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "citadin"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "städtisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "Stadt-"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astikós",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αστικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ironí",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עירוני"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "városi"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "uirbeach"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"alt": "としの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toshi no",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "都市の"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "miesczi"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dosiui",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "도시의"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "şaristanî",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "شارستانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "şaardık",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "шаардык"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbānus"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gradski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "градски"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ard-valjagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "bymessig"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šahri",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "شهری"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "miejski"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "nāgrik",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ਨਾਗਰਿਕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "śahirī",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorodskój",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "городско́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гра̀дскӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "gràdskī"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "mestský"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "mesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "stads-"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "panlungsod"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "panlunsod"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "lunsurin"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "šahri",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "шаҳрӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nagara",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "నగర"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "kentsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "misʹkýj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "міськи́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "thành phố"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "đô thị"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "thành thị"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "trefol"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 17 2 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtotish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "שטאָטיש"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 44 5 10 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 37 7 19 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 57 6 7 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 54 4 8 21 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 58 3 5 21 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 39 6 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 6 19 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 46 7 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 37 7 19 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 6 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 37 6 19 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 65 3 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 37 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 43 4 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 58 8 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 43 5 17 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 6 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 60 8 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 6 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 49 8 12 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 57 8 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 43 7 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 39 7 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 5 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 60 7 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 60 7 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 6 19 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 6 19 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 6 19 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 60 7 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 7 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 35 6 17 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 6 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 6 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 18 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 7 17 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 33 9 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 6 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 6 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 60 7 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 7 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 63 6 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 39 6 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 6 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 42 5 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 39 6 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 6 19 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 60 8 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 38 6 22 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVIII.] Of Iugerum, and Actus. Of the Ancient Lawes Ordained for Cattell in Old Time. How Often and at what Times Corn and Victuals were Exceeding Cheape at Rome. What Noble and Famous Persons Addicted Themselves Wholly to Husbandrie and Tillage..”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, pages 550–551:",
"text": "Inſomuch, as thoſe citizens vvere reputed for cheeſe and principall, vvho vvere poſſeſſed of land and living in the countrey: and theſe made the State, called the Ruſtick Tribes, in Rome: vvheras contrarivviſe the other eſtate, reputed the meaner in degree, vvas named the Vrbane Tribes; conſiſting of Artiſanes & ſuch like as vvere not landed perſons: into vvhich, if a man vvere transferred from any of the reſt, it vvas thought a great ſhame and diſgrace, as if hee vvere reproched for idleneſſe and negligence in husbandrie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Vulgar Little Mouse”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 504:",
"text": "The Epithets of myce are thes; ſhort, ſmall, fearful, peaceable, ridiculous, ruſtik, or country mouſe, vrbane, or citty mouſe, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Living in a city or town."
],
"id": "en-urban-en-adj-Txk1WtHy",
"links": [
[
"Living",
"live#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1651, James Howell, “Of Officers or Magistrats in Generall”, in S.P.Q.V.: A Survay of the Signorie of Venice, […], London: […] Richard Lowndes […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "All theſe Magiſtrats are but temporary, and have a time limited them; the Urbane or Citty Magiſtrats ſome of them continue in office 6. months, others 8. months, others are annuall; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town."
],
"id": "en-urban-en-adj-QISOMIbM",
"links": [
[
"Having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"jurisdiction",
"jurisdiction"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 5 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 35 6 17 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music."
],
"id": "en-urban-en-adj-OLwlmZ2-",
"links": [
[
"contemporary",
"contemporary"
],
[
"African American",
"African American"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, proscribed, outdated) Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"archaic",
"proscribed"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 5 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 35 6 17 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American."
],
"id": "en-urban-en-adj-pczmBSv6",
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, UK, euphemistic, offensive) (of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"US",
"euphemistic",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɜːb(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-urban.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɜɹbən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)bən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "urbane"
}
],
"word": "urban"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bucolic"
},
{
"word": "nonurban"
},
{
"word": "rural"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-nós",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰerdʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werbʰ-",
"English terms suffixed with -an",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)bən",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)bən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "exurban"
},
{
"word": "suburban"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antiurban"
},
{
"word": "cyburban"
},
{
"word": "Ellesmere Urban"
},
{
"word": "exurb"
},
{
"word": "interurban"
},
{
"word": "intraurban"
},
{
"word": "peri-urban"
},
{
"word": "preurban"
},
{
"word": "rurban"
},
{
"word": "semiurban"
},
{
"word": "single-point urban interchange"
},
{
"word": "synurban"
},
{
"word": "unurban"
},
{
"word": "urban blight"
},
{
"word": "urban boarding"
},
{
"word": "urban contemporary"
},
{
"word": "urban crawl"
},
{
"word": "urban culture"
},
{
"word": "urban district"
},
{
"word": "urban dweller"
},
{
"word": "urban exploration"
},
{
"word": "urban explorer"
},
{
"word": "urban fabric"
},
{
"word": "urban fantasy"
},
{
"word": "urban fee"
},
{
"word": "urban furniture"
},
{
"word": "urbanicity"
},
{
"word": "urbanish"
},
{
"word": "urbanism"
},
{
"word": "urbanist"
},
{
"word": "urbanistic"
},
{
"word": "urbanite"
},
{
"word": "urbanitis"
},
{
"word": "urbanity"
},
{
"word": "urbanization"
},
{
"word": "urbanisation"
},
{
"word": "urbanize"
},
{
"word": "urbanise"
},
{
"word": "urban legend"
},
{
"word": "urban lumberjack"
},
{
"word": "urban mine"
},
{
"word": "urban mining"
},
{
"word": "urban myth"
},
{
"word": "urban Naxal"
},
{
"word": "urbanness"
},
{
"word": "urbanoid"
},
{
"word": "urbanology"
},
{
"word": "urbanonym"
},
{
"word": "urbanophilic"
},
{
"word": "urban planner"
},
{
"word": "urban planning"
},
{
"word": "urban prairie"
},
{
"word": "urban regeneration"
},
{
"word": "urban renew"
},
{
"word": "urban-renew"
},
{
"word": "urban renewal"
},
{
"word": "urban-renewed"
},
{
"word": "urban renewed"
},
{
"word": "urban reserve"
},
{
"word": "urban-rural commune"
},
{
"word": "urban-rural gmina"
},
{
"word": "urban sanitary district"
},
{
"word": "urbanscape"
},
{
"word": "urban scattering"
},
{
"word": "urban sprawl"
},
{
"word": "urban studies"
},
{
"word": "urban-type settlement"
},
{
"word": "urban warfare"
},
{
"word": "urban warrior"
},
{
"word": "Whitchurch Urban"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-",
"4": "*werbʰ-",
"5": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "urbain",
"t": "belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane"
},
"expansion": "Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "urbain"
},
"expansion": "French urbain",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "urbānus",
"t": "of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated"
},
"expansion": "Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-",
"t": "to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”) (modern French urbain), or from its etymon Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”) + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Urbānus is derived from urbs (“city; walled town; Rome”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”) or *werbʰ- (“to enclose”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).\nFor the euphemistic or proscribed term, it was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more urban",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most urban",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "urban (comparative more urban, superlative most urban)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"urb‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "Urbanus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "urban life urban traffic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 22, page 30:",
"text": "As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside."
],
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic#Adjective"
],
[
"happening",
"happen#Verb"
],
[
"locate",
"locate"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"life",
"life#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"contrasted",
"contrast#Verb"
],
[
"countryside",
"countryside"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVIII.] Of Iugerum, and Actus. Of the Ancient Lawes Ordained for Cattell in Old Time. How Often and at what Times Corn and Victuals were Exceeding Cheape at Rome. What Noble and Famous Persons Addicted Themselves Wholly to Husbandrie and Tillage..”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, pages 550–551:",
"text": "Inſomuch, as thoſe citizens vvere reputed for cheeſe and principall, vvho vvere poſſeſſed of land and living in the countrey: and theſe made the State, called the Ruſtick Tribes, in Rome: vvheras contrarivviſe the other eſtate, reputed the meaner in degree, vvas named the Vrbane Tribes; conſiſting of Artiſanes & ſuch like as vvere not landed perſons: into vvhich, if a man vvere transferred from any of the reſt, it vvas thought a great ſhame and diſgrace, as if hee vvere reproched for idleneſſe and negligence in husbandrie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Vulgar Little Mouse”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 504:",
"text": "The Epithets of myce are thes; ſhort, ſmall, fearful, peaceable, ridiculous, ruſtik, or country mouſe, vrbane, or citty mouſe, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Living in a city or town."
],
"links": [
[
"Living",
"live#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1651, James Howell, “Of Officers or Magistrats in Generall”, in S.P.Q.V.: A Survay of the Signorie of Venice, […], London: […] Richard Lowndes […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "All theſe Magiſtrats are but temporary, and have a time limited them; the Urbane or Citty Magiſtrats ſome of them continue in office 6. months, others 8. months, others are annuall; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town."
],
"links": [
[
"Having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"jurisdiction",
"jurisdiction"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English proscribed terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music."
],
"links": [
[
"contemporary",
"contemporary"
],
[
"African American",
"African American"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, proscribed, outdated) Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"archaic",
"proscribed"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"British English",
"English euphemisms",
"English offensive terms"
],
"glosses": [
"(of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, UK, euphemistic, offensive) (of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"US",
"euphemistic",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɜːb(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-urban.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɜɹbən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)bən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "urbane"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍariyy",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "حَضَرِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "madaniyy",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "مَدَنِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻaġakʻayin",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "քաղաքային"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "hiriko"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "haradskí",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "гарадскі́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjéski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ме́скі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grádski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "гра́дски"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "mrui.pra.",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "မြို့ပြ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbà"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngshì de",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "城市的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dūshì de",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "都市的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "městský"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "bymæssig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "stedelijk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "stads-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urba"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbaani"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "citadin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "städtisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "Stadt-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astikós",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αστικός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ironí",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עירוני"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "városi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "uirbeach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"alt": "としの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toshi no",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "都市の"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "miesczi"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dosiui",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "도시의"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "şaristanî",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "شارستانی"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "şaardık",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "шаардык"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbānus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gradski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "градски"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ard-valjagh"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "bymessig"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šahri",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "شهری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "miejski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "nāgrik",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ਨਾਗਰਿਕ"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "śahirī",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorodskój",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "городско́й"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гра̀дскӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "gràdskī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "mestský"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "mesten"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urbano"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "stads-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "urban"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "panlungsod"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "panlunsod"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "lunsurin"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "šahri",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "шаҳрӣ"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nagara",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "నగర"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "kentsel"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "misʹkýj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "міськи́й"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "thành phố"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "đô thị"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "thành thị"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "trefol"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtotish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place",
"word": "שטאָטיש"
}
],
"word": "urban"
}
Download raw JSONL data for urban meaning in English (25.7kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "urban/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"bucolic\"}, {\"word\": \"nonurban\"}, {\"word\": \"rural\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms borrowed from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-nós\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰerdʰ-\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werbʰ-\", \"English terms suffixed with -an\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 9 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Breton translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)bən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)bən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Basque translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kashubian translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"word\": \"exurban\"}, {\"word\": \"suburban\"}], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"antiurban\"}, {\"word\": \"cyburban\"}, {\"word\": \"Ellesmere Urban\"}, {\"word\": \"exurb\"}, {\"word\": \"interurban\"}, {\"word\": \"intraurban\"}, {\"word\": \"peri-urban\"}, {\"word\": \"preurban\"}, {\"word\": \"rurban\"}, {\"word\": \"semiurban\"}, {\"word\": \"single-point urban interchange\"}, {\"word\": \"synurban\"}, {\"word\": \"unurban\"}, {\"word\": \"urban blight\"}, {\"word\": \"urban boarding\"}, {\"word\": \"urban contemporary\"}, {\"word\": \"urban crawl\"}, {\"word\": \"urban culture\"}, {\"word\": \"urban district\"}, {\"word\": \"urban dweller\"}, {\"word\": \"urban exploration\"}, {\"word\": \"urban explorer\"}, {\"word\": \"urban fabric\"}, {\"word\": \"urban fantasy\"}, {\"word\": \"urban fee\"}, {\"word\": \"urban furniture\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanicity\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanish\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanism\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanist\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanistic\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanite\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanitis\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanity\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanization\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanisation\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanize\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanise\"}, {\"word\": \"urban legend\"}, {\"word\": \"urban lumberjack\"}, {\"word\": \"urban mine\"}, {\"word\": \"urban mining\"}, {\"word\": \"urban myth\"}, {\"word\": \"urban Naxal\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanness\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanoid\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanology\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanonym\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanophilic\"}, {\"word\": \"urban planner\"}, {\"word\": \"urban planning\"}, {\"word\": \"urban prairie\"}, {\"word\": \"urban regeneration\"}, {\"word\": \"urban renew\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-renew\"}, {\"word\": \"urban renewal\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-renewed\"}, {\"word\": \"urban renewed\"}, {\"word\": \"urban reserve\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-rural commune\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-rural gmina\"}, {\"word\": \"urban sanitary district\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanscape\"}, {\"word\": \"urban scattering\"}, {\"word\": \"urban sprawl\"}, {\"word\": \"urban studies\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-type settlement\"}, {\"word\": \"urban warfare\"}, {\"word\": \"urban warrior\"}, {\"word\": \"Whitchurch Urban\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʰerdʰ-\", \"4\": \"*werbʰ-\", \"5\": \"*-nós\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"urbain\", \"t\": \"belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"urbain\"}, \"expansion\": \"French urbain\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"etymon\"}, \"expansion\": \"etymon\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"urbānus\", \"t\": \"of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"suffix\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʰerdʰ-\", \"t\": \"to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”) (modern French urbain), or from its etymon Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”) + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Urbānus is derived from urbs (“city; walled town; Rome”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”) or *werbʰ- (“to enclose”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).\\nFor the euphemistic or proscribed term, it was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more urban\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most urban\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"urban (comparative more urban, superlative most urban)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"urb‧an\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"Urbanus\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"urban life urban traffic\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 22, page 30:\", \"text\": \"As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.\"], \"links\": [[\"characteristic\", \"characteristic#Adjective\"], [\"happening\", \"happen#Verb\"], [\"locate\", \"locate\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"town\", \"town\"], [\"life\", \"life#Noun\"], [\"place\", \"place#Noun\"], [\"contrasted\", \"contrast#Verb\"], [\"countryside\", \"countryside\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVIII.] Of Iugerum, and Actus. Of the Ancient Lawes Ordained for Cattell in Old Time. How Often and at what Times Corn and Victuals were Exceeding Cheape at Rome. What Noble and Famous Persons Addicted Themselves Wholly to Husbandrie and Tillage..”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, pages 550–551:\", \"text\": \"Inſomuch, as thoſe citizens vvere reputed for cheeſe and principall, vvho vvere poſſeſſed of land and living in the countrey: and theſe made the State, called the Ruſtick Tribes, in Rome: vvheras contrarivviſe the other eſtate, reputed the meaner in degree, vvas named the Vrbane Tribes; conſiſting of Artiſanes & ſuch like as vvere not landed perſons: into vvhich, if a man vvere transferred from any of the reſt, it vvas thought a great ſhame and diſgrace, as if hee vvere reproched for idleneſſe and negligence in husbandrie.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Vulgar Little Mouse”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 504:\", \"text\": \"The Epithets of myce are thes; ſhort, ſmall, fearful, peaceable, ridiculous, ruſtik, or country mouſe, vrbane, or citty mouſe, […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Living in a city or town.\"], \"links\": [[\"Living\", \"live#Verb\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1651, James Howell, “Of Officers or Magistrats in Generall”, in S.P.Q.V.: A Survay of the Signorie of Venice, […], London: […] Richard Lowndes […], →OCLC, page 16:\", \"text\": \"All theſe Magiſtrats are but temporary, and have a time limited them; the Urbane or Citty Magiſtrats ſome of them continue in office 6. months, others 8. months, others are annuall; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town.\"], \"links\": [[\"Having\", \"have#Verb\"], [\"authority\", \"authority\"], [\"jurisdiction\", \"jurisdiction\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English proscribed terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music.\"], \"links\": [[\"contemporary\", \"contemporary\"], [\"African American\", \"African American\"], [\"culture\", \"culture\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, proscribed, outdated) Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"archaic\", \"proscribed\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"British English\", \"English euphemisms\", \"English offensive terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"(of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, UK, euphemistic, offensive) (of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\", \"euphemistic\", \"offensive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈɜːb(ə)n/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-urban.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈɜɹbən/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)bən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"urbane\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍariyy\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"حَضَرِيّ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"madaniyy\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"مَدَنِيّ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kʻaġakʻayin\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"քաղաքային\"}, {\"code\": \"eu\", \"lang\": \"Basque\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"hiriko\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"haradskí\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"гарадскі́\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"mjéski\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ме́скі\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"grádski\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"гра́дски\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"mrui.pra.\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"မြို့ပြ\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbà\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chéngshì de\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"城市的\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dūshì de\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"都市的\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"městský\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"bymæssig\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"stedelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbaan\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"stads-\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urba\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbaani\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbain\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"of a person\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"citadin\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"städtisch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"Stadt-\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"astikós\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"αστικός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"ironí\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"עירוני\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"városi\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"uirbeach\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"alt\": \"としの\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toshi no\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"都市の\"}, {\"code\": \"csb\", \"lang\": \"Kashubian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"miesczi\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"dosiui\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"도시의\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"şaristanî\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"شارستانی\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"şaardık\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"шаардык\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbānus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"gradski\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"градски\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ard-valjagh\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"bymessig\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"šahri\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"شهری\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"miejski\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"nāgrik\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ਨਾਗਰਿਕ\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"śahirī\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"gorodskój\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"городско́й\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"гра̀дскӣ\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"gràdskī\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"mestský\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"mesten\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"stads-\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"panlungsod\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"panlunsod\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"lunsurin\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"šahri\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"шаҳрӣ\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"nagara\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"నగర\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"kentsel\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"misʹkýj\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"міськи́й\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"thành phố\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"đô thị\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"thành thị\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"trefol\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"shtotish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"שטאָטיש\"}], \"word\": \"urban\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "urban",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "urban/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"bucolic\"}, {\"word\": \"nonurban\"}, {\"word\": \"rural\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms borrowed from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-nós\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰerdʰ-\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werbʰ-\", \"English terms suffixed with -an\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 9 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Breton translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)bən\", \"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)bən/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Basque translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kashubian translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\"], \"coordinate_terms\": [{\"word\": \"exurban\"}, {\"word\": \"suburban\"}], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"antiurban\"}, {\"word\": \"cyburban\"}, {\"word\": \"Ellesmere Urban\"}, {\"word\": \"exurb\"}, {\"word\": \"interurban\"}, {\"word\": \"intraurban\"}, {\"word\": \"peri-urban\"}, {\"word\": \"preurban\"}, {\"word\": \"rurban\"}, {\"word\": \"semiurban\"}, {\"word\": \"single-point urban interchange\"}, {\"word\": \"synurban\"}, {\"word\": \"unurban\"}, {\"word\": \"urban blight\"}, {\"word\": \"urban boarding\"}, {\"word\": \"urban contemporary\"}, {\"word\": \"urban crawl\"}, {\"word\": \"urban culture\"}, {\"word\": \"urban district\"}, {\"word\": \"urban dweller\"}, {\"word\": \"urban exploration\"}, {\"word\": \"urban explorer\"}, {\"word\": \"urban fabric\"}, {\"word\": \"urban fantasy\"}, {\"word\": \"urban fee\"}, {\"word\": \"urban furniture\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanicity\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanish\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanism\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanist\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanistic\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanite\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanitis\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanity\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanization\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanisation\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanize\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanise\"}, {\"word\": \"urban legend\"}, {\"word\": \"urban lumberjack\"}, {\"word\": \"urban mine\"}, {\"word\": \"urban mining\"}, {\"word\": \"urban myth\"}, {\"word\": \"urban Naxal\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanness\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanoid\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanology\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanonym\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanophilic\"}, {\"word\": \"urban planner\"}, {\"word\": \"urban planning\"}, {\"word\": \"urban prairie\"}, {\"word\": \"urban regeneration\"}, {\"word\": \"urban renew\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-renew\"}, {\"word\": \"urban renewal\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-renewed\"}, {\"word\": \"urban renewed\"}, {\"word\": \"urban reserve\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-rural commune\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-rural gmina\"}, {\"word\": \"urban sanitary district\"}, {\"word\": \"urbanscape\"}, {\"word\": \"urban scattering\"}, {\"word\": \"urban sprawl\"}, {\"word\": \"urban studies\"}, {\"word\": \"urban-type settlement\"}, {\"word\": \"urban warfare\"}, {\"word\": \"urban warrior\"}, {\"word\": \"Whitchurch Urban\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʰerdʰ-\", \"4\": \"*werbʰ-\", \"5\": \"*-nós\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"urbain\", \"t\": \"belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"urbain\"}, \"expansion\": \"French urbain\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"etymon\"}, \"expansion\": \"etymon\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"urbānus\", \"t\": \"of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"suffix\"}, \"expansion\": \"suffix\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʰerdʰ-\", \"t\": \"to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”) (modern French urbain), or from its etymon Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”) + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Urbānus is derived from urbs (“city; walled town; Rome”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”) or *werbʰ- (“to enclose”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).\\nFor the euphemistic or proscribed term, it was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more urban\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most urban\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"urban (comparative more urban, superlative most urban)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"urb‧an\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"Urbanus\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with collocations\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"urban life urban traffic\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 22, page 30:\", \"text\": \"As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.\"], \"links\": [[\"characteristic\", \"characteristic#Adjective\"], [\"happening\", \"happen#Verb\"], [\"locate\", \"locate\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"town\", \"town\"], [\"life\", \"life#Noun\"], [\"place\", \"place#Noun\"], [\"contrasted\", \"contrast#Verb\"], [\"countryside\", \"countryside\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVIII.] Of Iugerum, and Actus. Of the Ancient Lawes Ordained for Cattell in Old Time. How Often and at what Times Corn and Victuals were Exceeding Cheape at Rome. What Noble and Famous Persons Addicted Themselves Wholly to Husbandrie and Tillage..”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, pages 550–551:\", \"text\": \"Inſomuch, as thoſe citizens vvere reputed for cheeſe and principall, vvho vvere poſſeſſed of land and living in the countrey: and theſe made the State, called the Ruſtick Tribes, in Rome: vvheras contrarivviſe the other eſtate, reputed the meaner in degree, vvas named the Vrbane Tribes; conſiſting of Artiſanes & ſuch like as vvere not landed perſons: into vvhich, if a man vvere transferred from any of the reſt, it vvas thought a great ſhame and diſgrace, as if hee vvere reproched for idleneſſe and negligence in husbandrie.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Vulgar Little Mouse”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 504:\", \"text\": \"The Epithets of myce are thes; ſhort, ſmall, fearful, peaceable, ridiculous, ruſtik, or country mouſe, vrbane, or citty mouſe, […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Living in a city or town.\"], \"links\": [[\"Living\", \"live#Verb\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1651, James Howell, “Of Officers or Magistrats in Generall”, in S.P.Q.V.: A Survay of the Signorie of Venice, […], London: […] Richard Lowndes […], →OCLC, page 16:\", \"text\": \"All theſe Magiſtrats are but temporary, and have a time limited them; the Urbane or Citty Magiſtrats ſome of them continue in office 6. months, others 8. months, others are annuall; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town.\"], \"links\": [[\"Having\", \"have#Verb\"], [\"authority\", \"authority\"], [\"jurisdiction\", \"jurisdiction\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English proscribed terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music.\"], \"links\": [[\"contemporary\", \"contemporary\"], [\"African American\", \"African American\"], [\"culture\", \"culture\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, proscribed, outdated) Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"archaic\", \"proscribed\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"British English\", \"English euphemisms\", \"English offensive terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"(of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, UK, euphemistic, offensive) (of inhabitants or residents) Black; African American.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"US\", \"euphemistic\", \"offensive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈɜːb(ə)n/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-urban.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-urban.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈɜɹbən/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɜː(ɹ)bən\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"urbane\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍariyy\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"حَضَرِيّ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"madaniyy\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"مَدَنِيّ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kʻaġakʻayin\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"քաղաքային\"}, {\"code\": \"eu\", \"lang\": \"Basque\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"hiriko\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"haradskí\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"гарадскі́\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"mjéski\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ме́скі\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"grádski\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"гра́дски\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"mrui.pra.\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"မြို့ပြ\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbà\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chéngshì de\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"城市的\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dūshì de\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"都市的\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"městský\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"bymæssig\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"stedelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbaan\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"stads-\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urba\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbaani\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbain\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"note\": \"of a person\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"citadin\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"städtisch\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"Stadt-\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"astikós\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"αστικός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"ironí\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"עירוני\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"városi\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"uirbeach\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"alt\": \"としの\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"toshi no\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"都市の\"}, {\"code\": \"csb\", \"lang\": \"Kashubian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"miesczi\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"dosiui\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"도시의\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"şaristanî\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"شارستانی\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"şaardık\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"шаардык\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbānus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"gradski\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"градски\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ard-valjagh\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"bymessig\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"šahri\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"شهری\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"miejski\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"nāgrik\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ਨਾਗਰਿਕ\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"śahirī\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"gorodskój\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"городско́й\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"гра̀дскӣ\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"gràdskī\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"mestský\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"mesten\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urbano\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"stads-\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"urban\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"panlungsod\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"panlunsod\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"lunsurin\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"šahri\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"шаҳрӣ\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"nagara\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"నగర\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"kentsel\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"misʹkýj\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"міськи́й\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"thành phố\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"đô thị\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"thành thị\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"trefol\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"shtotish\", \"sense\": \"of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place\", \"word\": \"שטאָטיש\"}], \"word\": \"urban\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "urban",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.