See plead in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for plead meaning in English (15.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plead the belly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plead the blood of Jesus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plead the Fifth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pleden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pleden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "plaiden"
},
"expansion": "plaiden",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "plaider",
"4": "",
"5": "to plead, offer a plea"
},
"expansion": "Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plait"
},
"expansion": "plait",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "placitum",
"4": "",
"5": "a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\", in Classical Latin, \"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\", in Classical Latin, \"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "placitus"
},
"expansion": "placitus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "placeō",
"3": "",
"4": "to please"
},
"expansion": "placeō (“to please”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pleitear",
"3": "",
"4": "to litigate, take to court"
},
"expansion": "Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English pleden, plaiden, from Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”), from plait, from Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\", in Classical Latin, \"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”), neuter of placitus, past participle of placeō (“to please”). Cognate with Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pleads",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pleading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pleaded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pleaded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pled",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"Scotland",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pled",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"Scotland",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plead",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plead",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "pled",
"past2_qual": "chiefly North America, Scotland",
"past3": "plead"
},
"expansion": "plead (third-person singular simple present pleads, present participle pleading, simple past and past participle pleaded or (chiefly North America, Scotland) pled or plead)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pleasant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "please"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pleasurable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pleasure"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 31 19 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The defendant has decided to plead not guilty.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 18, “Network News: Carmont: NR pays nearly £1m in out-of-court settlements”, in RAIL, number 994, page 15",
"text": "At the High Court in Aberdeen in September, NR pleaded guilty to a series of failings, including failing to tell the driver that it was unsafe to drive the train at the 75mph line speed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case."
],
"id": "en-plead-en-verb-R7k~jegO",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"copulative",
"copular verb"
],
[
"plea",
"plea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, copulative) To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case."
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "miǰnordel",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "միջնորդել"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "haytararutʿyun anel",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "հայտարարություն անել"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paštpanel",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "պաշտպանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plediram",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "пледирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biànhù",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "辩护"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "přednášet (před soudem)"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vést obhajobu"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "prohlásit"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "učinit prohlášení"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleiten"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "bepleiten"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pledi"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"with-illative"
],
"word": "vedota"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "esittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "fi",
"english": "plead guilty",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "myöntää syyllisyytensä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "fi",
"english": "plead not guilty",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "kiistää syyllisyytensä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "plaider"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "plädieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "bekennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "berufen (reflexive, + auf)",
"sense": "to present an argument"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"alt": "+ für",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "eintreten"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "aussprechen (reflexive, + für)",
"sense": "to present an argument"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pléadáil"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "du·acair"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "dichiararsi (colpevole o noncolpevole)",
"sense": "to present an argument"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"alt": "たんがんする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tangan suru",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "嘆願する"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "ǣrendian"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleitear"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleda"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"alt": "for somebody - кого-либо",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaščiščátʹ",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "защища́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predstavljátʹ interésy",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "представля́ть интере́сы"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"alt": "в суде́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "выступа́ть с заявле́нием"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "tagair"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pledirati"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "zagovarjati se"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleitear"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "açıklamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "ileri sürmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "bào chữa"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "biện hộ"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 0 12 15",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "cãi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 46 21 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 52 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 56 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 31 19 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He pleaded with me not to leave the house.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He was pleading for mercy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally."
],
"id": "en-plead-en-verb-NfK4Qk-6",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "appeal"
},
{
"word": "ask"
},
{
"word": "beg"
},
{
"word": "request"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "molja",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "моля"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "umoljavam",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "умолявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ganiladia",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "ᎦᏂᎳᏗᎠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yāngqiú",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "央求"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "plédovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "žádat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prosit"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "naléhat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "vedota"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "anella"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "anoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "rukoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "(dringend) bitten"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "anflehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "beschwören"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "iketeúō",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "ἰκετεύω"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "unene"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "whakakuene"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "ābiddian"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "błagać"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "implorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "suplicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "implora"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "rogar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "suplicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "maki-usap"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "yalvarmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "cầu xin"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 3 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "nài xin"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 31 19 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Not wishing to attend the banquet, I pleaded illness.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "It is no defence to plead that you were only obeying orders.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To offer by way of excuse."
],
"id": "en-plead-en-verb-WT9aWqH8",
"links": [
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To offer by way of excuse."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "allege"
},
{
"word": "claim"
},
{
"word": "maintain"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to offer by way of excuse",
"word": "väittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to offer by way of excuse",
"word": "selittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to offer by way of excuse",
"word": "alegar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 31 19 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To discuss by arguments."
],
"id": "en-plead-en-verb-kJ8oCtbs",
"links": [
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To discuss by arguments."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pliːd/",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːd"
},
{
"ipa": "/plɛd/",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-plead.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg/En-us-plead.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "plead"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/iːd",
"Rhymes:English/iːd/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɛd",
"Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable",
"en:Law"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "plead the belly"
},
{
"word": "plead the blood of Jesus"
},
{
"word": "plead the Fifth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pleden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pleden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "plaiden"
},
"expansion": "plaiden",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "plaider",
"4": "",
"5": "to plead, offer a plea"
},
"expansion": "Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plait"
},
"expansion": "plait",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "placitum",
"4": "",
"5": "a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\", in Classical Latin, \"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\", in Classical Latin, \"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "placitus"
},
"expansion": "placitus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "placeō",
"3": "",
"4": "to please"
},
"expansion": "placeō (“to please”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pleitear",
"3": "",
"4": "to litigate, take to court"
},
"expansion": "Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English pleden, plaiden, from Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”), from plait, from Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\", in Classical Latin, \"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”), neuter of placitus, past participle of placeō (“to please”). Cognate with Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pleads",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pleading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pleaded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pleaded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pled",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"Scotland",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pled",
"tags": [
"North-America",
"Scotland",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plead",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plead",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "pled",
"past2_qual": "chiefly North America, Scotland",
"past3": "plead"
},
"expansion": "plead (third-person singular simple present pleads, present participle pleading, simple past and past participle pleaded or (chiefly North America, Scotland) pled or plead)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "plea"
},
{
"word": "pleasant"
},
{
"word": "please"
},
{
"word": "pleasurable"
},
{
"word": "pleasure"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English copulative verbs",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The defendant has decided to plead not guilty.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 18, “Network News: Carmont: NR pays nearly £1m in out-of-court settlements”, in RAIL, number 994, page 15",
"text": "At the High Court in Aberdeen in September, NR pleaded guilty to a series of failings, including failing to tell the driver that it was unsafe to drive the train at the 75mph line speed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"copulative",
"copular verb"
],
[
"plea",
"plea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, copulative) To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case."
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He pleaded with me not to leave the house.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He was pleading for mercy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "appeal"
},
{
"word": "ask"
},
{
"word": "beg"
},
{
"word": "request"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Not wishing to attend the banquet, I pleaded illness.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "It is no defence to plead that you were only obeying orders.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To offer by way of excuse."
],
"links": [
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To offer by way of excuse."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "allege"
},
{
"word": "claim"
},
{
"word": "maintain"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To discuss by arguments."
],
"links": [
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To discuss by arguments."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pliːd/",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːd"
},
{
"ipa": "/plɛd/",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-plead.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg/En-us-plead.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "miǰnordel",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "միջնորդել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "haytararutʿyun anel",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "հայտարարություն անել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paštpanel",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "պաշտպանել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plediram",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "пледирам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biànhù",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "辩护"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "přednášet (před soudem)"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vést obhajobu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "prohlásit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "učinit prohlášení"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleiten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "bepleiten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pledi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"with-illative"
],
"word": "vedota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "esittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "plead guilty",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "myöntää syyllisyytensä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "plead not guilty",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "kiistää syyllisyytensä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "plaider"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "plädieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "bekennen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "berufen (reflexive, + auf)",
"sense": "to present an argument"
},
{
"alt": "+ für",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "eintreten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "aussprechen (reflexive, + für)",
"sense": "to present an argument"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pléadáil"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "du·acair"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "dichiararsi (colpevole o noncolpevole)",
"sense": "to present an argument"
},
{
"alt": "たんがんする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tangan suru",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "嘆願する"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "ǣrendian"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleitear"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleda"
},
{
"alt": "for somebody - кого-либо",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaščiščátʹ",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "защища́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predstavljátʹ interésy",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "представля́ть интере́сы"
},
{
"alt": "в суде́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "выступа́ть с заявле́нием"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "tagair"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pledirati"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "zagovarjati se"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "pleitear"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "açıklamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "ileri sürmek"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "bào chữa"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "biện hộ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to present an argument",
"word": "cãi"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "molja",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "моля"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "umoljavam",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "умолявам"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ganiladia",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "ᎦᏂᎳᏗᎠ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yāngqiú",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "央求"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "plédovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "žádat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prosit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "naléhat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "vedota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "anella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "anoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "rukoilla"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "(dringend) bitten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "anflehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "beschwören"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "iketeúō",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "ἰκετεύω"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "unene"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "whakakuene"
},
{
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "ābiddian"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "błagać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "implorar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "suplicar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "implora"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "rogar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "suplicar"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "maki-usap"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "yalvarmak"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "cầu xin"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to beg",
"word": "nài xin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to offer by way of excuse",
"word": "väittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to offer by way of excuse",
"word": "selittää"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to offer by way of excuse",
"word": "alegar"
}
],
"word": "plead"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"plead"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "plead",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": vystupátʹ s zajavlénijem (v sudé) vs. в суде́",
"path": [
"plead"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "plead",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "plead/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"berufen (reflexive, + auf)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}: {\"categories\": [\"English 1-syllable words\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English entries with topic categories using raw markup\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English verbs\", \"Rhymes:English/iːd\", \"Rhymes:English/iːd/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛd\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable\", \"en:Law\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"plead the belly\"}, {\"word\": \"plead the blood of Jesus\"}, {\"word\": \"plead the Fifth\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"pleden\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English pleden\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"plaiden\"}, \"expansion\": \"plaiden\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"plaider\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to plead, offer a plea\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"plait\"}, \"expansion\": \"plait\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"placitum\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"placitus\"}, \"expansion\": \"placitus\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"placeō\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to please\"}, \"expansion\": \"placeō (“to please”)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"pleitear\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to litigate, take to court\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English pleden, plaiden, from Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”), from plait, from Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”), neuter of placitus, past participle of placeō (“to please”). Cognate with Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"pleads\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleading\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleaded\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleaded\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pled\", \"tags\": [\"North-America\", \"Scotland\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pled\", \"tags\": [\"North-America\", \"Scotland\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"plead\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"plead\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"past2\": \"pled\", \"past2_qual\": \"chiefly North America, Scotland\", \"past3\": \"plead\"}, \"expansion\": \"plead (third-person singular simple present pleads, present participle pleading, simple past and past participle pleaded or (chiefly North America, Scotland) pled or plead)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"plea\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasant\"}, {\"word\": \"please\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasurable\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasure\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English copulative verbs\", \"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The defendant has decided to plead not guilty.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2023 October 18, “Network News: Carmont: NR pays nearly £1m in out-of-court settlements”, in RAIL, number 994, page 15\", \"text\": \"At the High Court in Aberdeen in September, NR pleaded guilty to a series of failings, including failing to tell the driver that it was unsafe to drive the train at the 75mph line speed.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"copulative\", \"copular verb\"], [\"plea\", \"plea\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive, copulative) To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.\"], \"tags\": [\"copulative\", \"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He pleaded with me not to leave the house.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was pleading for mercy.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"appeal\"}, {\"word\": \"ask\"}, {\"word\": \"beg\"}, {\"word\": \"request\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Not wishing to attend the banquet, I pleaded illness.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"It is no defence to plead that you were only obeying orders.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To offer by way of excuse.\"], \"links\": [[\"excuse\", \"excuse\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To offer by way of excuse.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"allege\"}, {\"word\": \"claim\"}, {\"word\": \"maintain\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To discuss by arguments.\"], \"links\": [[\"discuss\", \"discuss\"], [\"argument\", \"argument\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To discuss by arguments.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/pliːd/\", \"tags\": [\"infinitive\", \"present\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-iːd\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/plɛd/\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛd\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-plead.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg/En-us-plead.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"miǰnordel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"միջնորդել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"haytararutʿyun anel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"հայտարարություն անել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"paštpanel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"պաշտպանել\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"plediram\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"пледирам\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"biànhù\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"辩护\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přednášet (před soudem)\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"vést obhajobu\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"prohlásit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"učinit prohlášení\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"bepleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pledi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"with-illative\"], \"word\": \"vedota\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"esittää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"plead guilty\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"myöntää syyllisyytensä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"plead not guilty\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"kiistää syyllisyytensä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"plaider\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"plädieren\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"reflexive\"], \"word\": \"bekennen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"berufen (reflexive, + auf)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ für\", \"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"eintreten\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"aussprechen (reflexive, + für)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pléadáil\"}, {\"code\": \"sga\", \"lang\": \"Old Irish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"du·acair\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"note\": \"dichiararsi (colpevole o noncolpevole)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"alt\": \"たんがんする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tangan suru\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"嘆願する\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"ǣrendian\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleitear\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleda\"}, {\"alt\": \"for somebody - кого-либо\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"zaščiščátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"защища́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predstavljátʹ interésy\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"представля́ть интере́сы\"}, {\"alt\": \"в суде́\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"выступа́ть с заявле́нием\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"tagair\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pledirati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"zagovarjati se\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleitear\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"açıklamak\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"ileri sürmek\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"bào chữa\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"biện hộ\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"cãi\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"molja\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"моля\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"umoljavam\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"умолявам\"}, {\"code\": \"chr\", \"lang\": \"Cherokee\", \"roman\": \"ganiladia\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ᎦᏂᎳᏗᎠ\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yāngqiú\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"央求\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"plédovat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"žádat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prosit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"naléhat\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"vedota\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anella\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"rukoilla\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"(dringend) bitten\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anflehen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"beschwören\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"iketeúō\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ἰκετεύω\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"unene\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"whakakuene\"}, {\"code\": \"osx\", \"lang\": \"Old Saxon\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ābiddian\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"błagać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"implorar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"suplicar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"implora\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"rogar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"suplicar\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"maki-usap\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"yalvarmak\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"cầu xin\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"nài xin\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"väittää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"selittää\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"alegar\"}], \"word\": \"plead\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "plead",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "plead/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"aussprechen (reflexive, + f\\u00fcr)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}: {\"categories\": [\"English 1-syllable words\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English entries with topic categories using raw markup\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English verbs\", \"Rhymes:English/iːd\", \"Rhymes:English/iːd/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛd\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable\", \"en:Law\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"plead the belly\"}, {\"word\": \"plead the blood of Jesus\"}, {\"word\": \"plead the Fifth\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"pleden\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English pleden\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"plaiden\"}, \"expansion\": \"plaiden\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"plaider\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to plead, offer a plea\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"plait\"}, \"expansion\": \"plait\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"placitum\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"placitus\"}, \"expansion\": \"placitus\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"placeō\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to please\"}, \"expansion\": \"placeō (“to please”)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"pleitear\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to litigate, take to court\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English pleden, plaiden, from Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”), from plait, from Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”), neuter of placitus, past participle of placeō (“to please”). Cognate with Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"pleads\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleading\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleaded\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleaded\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pled\", \"tags\": [\"North-America\", \"Scotland\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pled\", \"tags\": [\"North-America\", \"Scotland\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"plead\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"plead\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"past2\": \"pled\", \"past2_qual\": \"chiefly North America, Scotland\", \"past3\": \"plead\"}, \"expansion\": \"plead (third-person singular simple present pleads, present participle pleading, simple past and past participle pleaded or (chiefly North America, Scotland) pled or plead)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"plea\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasant\"}, {\"word\": \"please\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasurable\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasure\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English copulative verbs\", \"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The defendant has decided to plead not guilty.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2023 October 18, “Network News: Carmont: NR pays nearly £1m in out-of-court settlements”, in RAIL, number 994, page 15\", \"text\": \"At the High Court in Aberdeen in September, NR pleaded guilty to a series of failings, including failing to tell the driver that it was unsafe to drive the train at the 75mph line speed.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"copulative\", \"copular verb\"], [\"plea\", \"plea\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive, copulative) To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.\"], \"tags\": [\"copulative\", \"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He pleaded with me not to leave the house.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was pleading for mercy.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"appeal\"}, {\"word\": \"ask\"}, {\"word\": \"beg\"}, {\"word\": \"request\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Not wishing to attend the banquet, I pleaded illness.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"It is no defence to plead that you were only obeying orders.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To offer by way of excuse.\"], \"links\": [[\"excuse\", \"excuse\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To offer by way of excuse.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"allege\"}, {\"word\": \"claim\"}, {\"word\": \"maintain\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To discuss by arguments.\"], \"links\": [[\"discuss\", \"discuss\"], [\"argument\", \"argument\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To discuss by arguments.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/pliːd/\", \"tags\": [\"infinitive\", \"present\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-iːd\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/plɛd/\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛd\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-plead.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg/En-us-plead.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"miǰnordel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"միջնորդել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"haytararutʿyun anel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"հայտարարություն անել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"paštpanel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"պաշտպանել\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"plediram\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"пледирам\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"biànhù\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"辩护\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přednášet (před soudem)\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"vést obhajobu\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"prohlásit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"učinit prohlášení\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"bepleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pledi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"with-illative\"], \"word\": \"vedota\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"esittää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"plead guilty\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"myöntää syyllisyytensä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"plead not guilty\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"kiistää syyllisyytensä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"plaider\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"plädieren\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"reflexive\"], \"word\": \"bekennen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"berufen (reflexive, + auf)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ für\", \"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"eintreten\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"aussprechen (reflexive, + für)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pléadáil\"}, {\"code\": \"sga\", \"lang\": \"Old Irish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"du·acair\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"note\": \"dichiararsi (colpevole o noncolpevole)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"alt\": \"たんがんする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tangan suru\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"嘆願する\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"ǣrendian\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleitear\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleda\"}, {\"alt\": \"for somebody - кого-либо\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"zaščiščátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"защища́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predstavljátʹ interésy\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"представля́ть интере́сы\"}, {\"alt\": \"в суде́\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"выступа́ть с заявле́нием\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"tagair\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pledirati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"zagovarjati se\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleitear\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"açıklamak\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"ileri sürmek\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"bào chữa\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"biện hộ\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"cãi\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"molja\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"моля\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"umoljavam\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"умолявам\"}, {\"code\": \"chr\", \"lang\": \"Cherokee\", \"roman\": \"ganiladia\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ᎦᏂᎳᏗᎠ\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yāngqiú\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"央求\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"plédovat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"žádat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prosit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"naléhat\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"vedota\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anella\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"rukoilla\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"(dringend) bitten\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anflehen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"beschwören\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"iketeúō\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ἰκετεύω\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"unene\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"whakakuene\"}, {\"code\": \"osx\", \"lang\": \"Old Saxon\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ābiddian\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"błagać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"implorar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"suplicar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"implora\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"rogar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"suplicar\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"maki-usap\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"yalvarmak\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"cầu xin\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"nài xin\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"väittää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"selittää\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"alegar\"}], \"word\": \"plead\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "plead",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "plead/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"note\": \"dichiararsi (colpevole o noncolpevole)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}: {\"categories\": [\"English 1-syllable words\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English entries with topic categories using raw markup\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English verbs\", \"Rhymes:English/iːd\", \"Rhymes:English/iːd/1 syllable\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛd\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable\", \"en:Law\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"plead the belly\"}, {\"word\": \"plead the blood of Jesus\"}, {\"word\": \"plead the Fifth\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"pleden\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English pleden\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"plaiden\"}, \"expansion\": \"plaiden\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"plaider\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to plead, offer a plea\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"plait\"}, \"expansion\": \"plait\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"placitum\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"placitus\"}, \"expansion\": \"placitus\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"placeō\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to please\"}, \"expansion\": \"placeō (“to please”)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"pleitear\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to litigate, take to court\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English pleden, plaiden, from Old French plaider (“to plead, offer a plea”), from plait, from Medieval Latin placitum (“a decree, sentence, suit, plea, etc.\\\", in Classical Latin, \\\"an opinion, determination, prescription, order; literally, that which is pleasing, pleasure”), neuter of placitus, past participle of placeō (“to please”). Cognate with Spanish pleitear (“to litigate, take to court”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"pleads\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleading\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleaded\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pleaded\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pled\", \"tags\": [\"North-America\", \"Scotland\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"pled\", \"tags\": [\"North-America\", \"Scotland\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"plead\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"plead\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"past2\": \"pled\", \"past2_qual\": \"chiefly North America, Scotland\", \"past3\": \"plead\"}, \"expansion\": \"plead (third-person singular simple present pleads, present participle pleading, simple past and past participle pleaded or (chiefly North America, Scotland) pled or plead)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"plea\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasant\"}, {\"word\": \"please\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasurable\"}, {\"word\": \"pleasure\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English copulative verbs\", \"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The defendant has decided to plead not guilty.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2023 October 18, “Network News: Carmont: NR pays nearly £1m in out-of-court settlements”, in RAIL, number 994, page 15\", \"text\": \"At the High Court in Aberdeen in September, NR pleaded guilty to a series of failings, including failing to tell the driver that it was unsafe to drive the train at the 75mph line speed.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"copulative\", \"copular verb\"], [\"plea\", \"plea\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive, copulative) To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.\"], \"tags\": [\"copulative\", \"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He pleaded with me not to leave the house.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He was pleading for mercy.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To beg, beseech, or implore, especially emotionally.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"appeal\"}, {\"word\": \"ask\"}, {\"word\": \"beg\"}, {\"word\": \"request\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Not wishing to attend the banquet, I pleaded illness.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"It is no defence to plead that you were only obeying orders.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To offer by way of excuse.\"], \"links\": [[\"excuse\", \"excuse\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To offer by way of excuse.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"allege\"}, {\"word\": \"claim\"}, {\"word\": \"maintain\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To discuss by arguments.\"], \"links\": [[\"discuss\", \"discuss\"], [\"argument\", \"argument\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To discuss by arguments.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/pliːd/\", \"tags\": [\"infinitive\", \"present\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-iːd\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/plɛd/\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛd\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-plead.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg/En-us-plead.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-plead.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"miǰnordel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"միջնորդել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"haytararutʿyun anel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"հայտարարություն անել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"paštpanel\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"պաշտպանել\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"plediram\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"пледирам\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"biànhù\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"辩护\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přednášet (před soudem)\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"vést obhajobu\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"prohlásit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"učinit prohlášení\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"bepleiten\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pledi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"with-illative\"], \"word\": \"vedota\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"esittää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"plead guilty\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"myöntää syyllisyytensä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"english\": \"plead not guilty\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"kiistää syyllisyytensä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"plaider\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"plädieren\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"tags\": [\"reflexive\"], \"word\": \"bekennen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"berufen (reflexive, + auf)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"alt\": \"+ für\", \"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"eintreten\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"note\": \"aussprechen (reflexive, + für)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pléadáil\"}, {\"code\": \"sga\", \"lang\": \"Old Irish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"du·acair\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"note\": \"dichiararsi (colpevole o noncolpevole)\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\"}, {\"alt\": \"たんがんする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tangan suru\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"嘆願する\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"ǣrendian\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleitear\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleda\"}, {\"alt\": \"for somebody - кого-либо\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"zaščiščátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"защища́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predstavljátʹ interésy\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"представля́ть интере́сы\"}, {\"alt\": \"в суде́\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"выступа́ть с заявле́нием\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"tagair\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pledirati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"zagovarjati se\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"pleitear\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"açıklamak\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"ileri sürmek\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"bào chữa\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"biện hộ\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to present an argument\", \"word\": \"cãi\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"molja\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"моля\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"umoljavam\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"умолявам\"}, {\"code\": \"chr\", \"lang\": \"Cherokee\", \"roman\": \"ganiladia\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ᎦᏂᎳᏗᎠ\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yāngqiú\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"央求\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"plédovat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"žádat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prosit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"naléhat\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"vedota\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anella\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"rukoilla\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"(dringend) bitten\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"anflehen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"beschwören\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"iketeúō\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ἰκετεύω\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"unene\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"whakakuene\"}, {\"code\": \"osx\", \"lang\": \"Old Saxon\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"ābiddian\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"błagać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"implorar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"suplicar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"implora\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"rogar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"suplicar\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"maki-usap\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"yalvarmak\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"cầu xin\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to beg\", \"word\": \"nài xin\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"väittää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"selittää\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to offer by way of excuse\", \"word\": \"alegar\"}], \"word\": \"plead\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "plead",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.