See petrify in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "pétrifier"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pétrifier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "petrificāre"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin petrificāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "petra",
"4": "",
"5": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Latin petra (“rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πέτρα",
"4": "",
"5": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "petro",
"3": "ify"
},
"expansion": "petro- + -ify",
"name": "con"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French pétrifier, from Medieval Latin petrificāre, from Latin petra (“rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -ficāre, from facere (“do, make”), equivalent to petro- + -ify.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "petrifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "petrifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "petrified",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "petrified",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "petrify (third-person singular simple present petrifies, present participle petrifying, simple past and past participle petrified)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petrifaction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "calcify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mineralize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ossify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "permineralize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 5 3 40 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 11 9 30 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with petro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 10 8 32 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ify",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 4 5 38 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 7 5 38 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 4 4 41 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 9 32 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 9 34 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 35 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 4 5 42 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 7 8 36 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 7 8 35 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 7 6 36 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 7 8 35 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 6 7 37 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 8 7 36 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 7 7 36 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 5 5 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 5 5 40 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 5 6 39 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 7 6 37 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 8 9 33 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 7 9 34 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 5 5 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 6 5 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 7 9 34 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 26 25 18 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1799, Richard Kirwan, Geological Essays:",
"text": "a river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-v3CNo4IN",
"links": [
[
"turn to",
"turn to"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"organic",
"organic"
],
[
"permeating",
"permeate"
],
[
"mineral",
"mineral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pietrificare"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekika suru",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "石化する"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prevraščátʹ v kámenʹ",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "превраща́ть в ка́мень"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 1 1 39 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "förstena"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 11 9 30 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with petro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce rigidity akin to stone."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-rg-YCXHB",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "kovettaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "पथराना"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 1 6 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "förstena"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 5 26 25 18 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To immobilize with fright."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-8bN6fHMc",
"links": [
[
"immobilize",
"immobilize"
],
[
"fright",
"fright"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frighten"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vcepenjavam",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "вцепенявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstarren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "erstarren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drętwieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdrętwieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lodowacieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zlodowacieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "împietri"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "nanigas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 89 2 3 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cipeníty",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "ціпені́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 5 3 40 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 11 9 30 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with petro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 10 8 32 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ify",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 4 5 38 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 7 5 38 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 4 4 41 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 9 32 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 9 34 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 35 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 4 5 42 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 7 8 36 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 7 8 35 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 7 6 36 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 7 8 35 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 6 7 37 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 8 7 36 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 7 7 36 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 5 5 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 5 5 40 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 5 6 39 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 7 6 37 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 8 9 33 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 7 9 34 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 5 5 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 6 5 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 7 9 34 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 7 9 34 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 26 25 18 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-CnIdB3Wa",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 8 2 54 27 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 2 54 27 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "kivettyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 2 54 27 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "पथराना"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 2 54 27 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "lapidesco"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 2 54 27 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 2 54 27 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 8 9 33 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 26 25 18 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1685, John Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis:",
"text": "Like Niobe we marble grow, / And petrify with grief.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Result”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 233:",
"text": "Hopes, feelings, and passion, petrify one after another; the crust of experience soon hardens over the hidden past; and who, looking on the levelled and subdued exterior, could dream of the wreck and ravage that lies below?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stony, callous, or obdurate."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-tack4yXI",
"links": [
[
"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"obdurate",
"obdurate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) To become stony, callous, or obdurate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 13 67 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 13 67 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "kovettua"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 13 67 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 13 67 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 8 9 33 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 26 25 18 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin, London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC:",
"text": "petrify a genius to a dunce",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874, George Eliot, letter to Mrs. Ponsonby:",
"text": "A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your volition.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-~hYNxMMO",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 2 2 24 67",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "使发呆"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 2 2 24 67",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 2 2 24 67",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "kovettaa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.tɹəˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-petrify.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "petrify"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms prefixed with petro-",
"English terms suffixed with -ify",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Fear"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "pétrifier"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pétrifier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "petrificāre"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin petrificāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "petra",
"4": "",
"5": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Latin petra (“rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πέτρα",
"4": "",
"5": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "petro",
"3": "ify"
},
"expansion": "petro- + -ify",
"name": "con"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French pétrifier, from Medieval Latin petrificāre, from Latin petra (“rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -ficāre, from facere (“do, make”), equivalent to petro- + -ify.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "petrifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "petrifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "petrified",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "petrified",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "petrify (third-person singular simple present petrifies, present participle petrifying, simple past and past participle petrified)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "petrifaction"
},
{
"word": "calcify"
},
{
"word": "mineralize"
},
{
"word": "ossify"
},
{
"word": "permineralize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1799, Richard Kirwan, Geological Essays:",
"text": "a river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals."
],
"links": [
[
"turn to",
"turn to"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"organic",
"organic"
],
[
"permeating",
"permeate"
],
[
"mineral",
"mineral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To produce rigidity akin to stone."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To immobilize with fright."
],
"links": [
[
"immobilize",
"immobilize"
],
[
"fright",
"fright"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frighten"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1685, John Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis:",
"text": "Like Niobe we marble grow, / And petrify with grief.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Result”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 233:",
"text": "Hopes, feelings, and passion, petrify one after another; the crust of experience soon hardens over the hidden past; and who, looking on the levelled and subdued exterior, could dream of the wreck and ravage that lies below?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stony, callous, or obdurate."
],
"links": [
[
"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"obdurate",
"obdurate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) To become stony, callous, or obdurate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin, London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC:",
"text": "petrify a genius to a dunce",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874, George Eliot, letter to Mrs. Ponsonby:",
"text": "A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your volition.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.tɹəˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-petrify.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-petrify.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pietrificare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekika suru",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "石化する"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prevraščátʹ v kámenʹ",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "превраща́ть в ка́мень"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "kovettaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "पथराना"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vcepenjavam",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "вцепенявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstarren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "erstarren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drętwieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdrętwieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lodowacieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zlodowacieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "împietri"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "nanigas"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cipeníty",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "ціпені́ти"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "kivettyä"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "पथराना"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "lapidesco"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "kovettua"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "使发呆"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "kovettaa"
}
],
"word": "petrify"
}
Download raw JSONL data for petrify meaning in English (13.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.