See petrify in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petrifiable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petrifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unpetrify"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"pétrifier",
"pétrifier#Middle_French"
],
[
"petrificāre",
"petrificare#Latin"
],
[
"petra",
"petra#Latin"
],
[
"πέτρα",
"πέτρα#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ficāre",
"-ficare#Latin"
],
[
"facere",
"facere#Latin"
],
[
"petro-",
"petro-#English"
],
[
"-ify",
"-ify#English"
]
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "pétrifier"
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"expansion": "Middle French pétrifier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "petrificāre"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin petrificāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "petra",
"4": "",
"5": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Latin petra (“rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πέτρα",
"4": "",
"5": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "petro",
"3": "ify"
},
"expansion": "petro- + -ify",
"name": "con"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French pétrifier, from Medieval Latin petrificāre, from Latin petra (“rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -ficāre, from facere (“do, make”), equivalent to petro- + -ify.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "petrifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "petrifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
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},
{
"form": "petrified",
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"expansion": "petrify (third-person singular simple present petrifies, present participle petrifying, simple past and past participle petrified)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petrifaction"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "calcify"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mineralize"
},
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ossify"
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"ref": "1799, Richard Kirwan, Geological Essays:",
"text": "a river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-v3CNo4IN",
"links": [
[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
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"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pietrificare"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "sekika suru",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "石化する"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "prevraščátʹ v kámenʹ",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "превраща́ть в ка́мень"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "taşlaşmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "taşa dönmek"
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"_dis1": "52 1 7 35 2 2",
"code": "cy",
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"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "caregu"
}
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"glosses": [
"To produce rigidity akin to stone."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-rg-YCXHB",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "forstene"
},
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"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "verstenen"
},
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"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "kovettaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
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"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
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"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "पथराना"
},
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"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
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"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrifica"
},
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"code": "sv",
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"word": "förstena"
},
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"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "taşlaştırmak"
},
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"_dis1": "6 84 1 5 2 2",
"code": "cy",
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"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "caregu"
}
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "13 10 34 17 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
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"glosses": [
"To immobilize with fright."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-8bN6fHMc",
"links": [
[
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"immobilize"
],
[
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"fright"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "alarm"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"literary"
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"word": "affright"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "appall"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "dismay"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "fray"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "frighten"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "grill"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "give someone the shits"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "harrow"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "horrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "make someone's blood run cold"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "mortify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "petrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "scare"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "scare straight"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "scare the bejeebers out of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"slang"
],
"word": "scare the hell out of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"slang"
],
"word": "scare the pants off of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"slang"
],
"word": "scare the shit out of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "terrorize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "terrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "spook"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vcepenjavam",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "вцепенявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstarren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "erstarren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drętwieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdrętwieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lodowacieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zlodowacieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "împietri"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "nanigas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "donakalmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "taşlaşmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "taş kesilmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cipeníty",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "ціпені́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 1 1 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "fferru"
}
]
},
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"glosses": [
"To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-CnIdB3Wa",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
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{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shíhuà",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "石化"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "kivettyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "पथराना"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "lapidesco"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "taşlaşmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "caregu"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 6 1 44 31 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "fferru"
}
]
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"ref": "1685, John Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis:",
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"type": "quotation"
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"text": "Hopes, feelings, and passion, petrify one after another; the crust of experience soon hardens over the hidden past; and who, looking on the levelled and subdued exterior, could dream of the wreck and ravage that lies below?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stony, callous, or obdurate."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-tack4yXI",
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[
"callous",
"callous"
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[
"obdurate",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) To become stony, callous, or obdurate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 15 59 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 15 59 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "kovettua"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 15 59 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 15 59 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
}
]
},
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},
{
"_dis": "26 11 20 21 12 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 22 22 12 11",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 11 21 22 12 11",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 25 21 12 10",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 11 21 21 13 11",
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},
{
"_dis": "23 10 22 23 12 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 12 23 20 13 12",
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{
"_dis": "23 11 22 22 12 11",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 22 22 12 11",
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{
"_dis": "23 10 22 22 12 11",
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"text": "petrify a genius to a dunce",
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
"id": "en-petrify-en-verb-~hYNxMMO",
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"(transitive, figurative) To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
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"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 7 30 56",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "使发呆"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 7 30 56",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 7 30 56",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "kovettaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 7 30 56",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "taşlaştırmak"
}
]
}
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"word": "petrify"
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{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms prefixed with petro-",
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"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
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"Terms with Danish translations",
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"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
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"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Fear"
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"derived": [
{
"word": "petrifiable"
},
{
"word": "petrifier"
},
{
"word": "unpetrify"
}
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"pétrifier",
"pétrifier#Middle_French"
],
[
"petrificāre",
"petrificare#Latin"
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[
"petra",
"petra#Latin"
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"3": "petrificāre"
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"1": "en",
"2": "la",
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"4": "",
"5": "rock"
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"1": "en",
"2": "petro",
"3": "ify"
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"name": "con"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French pétrifier, from Medieval Latin petrificāre, from Latin petra (“rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -ficāre, from facere (“do, make”), equivalent to petro- + -ify.",
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"form": "petrifies",
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},
{
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"word": "petrifaction"
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{
"word": "calcify"
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{
"word": "mineralize"
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{
"word": "ossify"
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{
"word": "permineralize"
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"glosses": [
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[
"stone",
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[
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[
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[
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"(transitive) To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To produce rigidity akin to stone."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To immobilize with fright."
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[
"fright",
"fright"
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],
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"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "alarm"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "affright"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "appall"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "dismay"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "fray"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "frighten"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
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"obsolete"
],
"word": "grill"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
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"vulgar"
],
"word": "give someone the shits"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "harrow"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "horrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "make someone's blood run cold"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "mortify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "petrify"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "scare"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "scare straight"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "scare the bejeebers out of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
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],
"word": "scare the hell out of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "scare the pants off of"
},
{
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"word": "scare the shit out of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
"word": "terrify"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:frighten",
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],
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"intransitive"
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}
],
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"(intransitive, figurative) To become stony, callous, or obdurate."
],
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"intransitive"
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}
],
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"To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
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"(transitive, figurative) To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
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}
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"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "pietrificare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "sekika suru",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "石化する"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "prevraščátʹ v kámenʹ",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "превраща́ть в ка́мень"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "taşlaşmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "taşa dönmek"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to harden organic matter",
"word": "caregu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "вкаменявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "kovettaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "versteinern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "apolithóno",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "απολιθώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pōróō",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "πωρόω"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "पथराना"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "taşlaştırmak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to produce rigidity akin to stone",
"word": "caregu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vcepenjavam",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "вцепенявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "forstene"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstenen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "verstarren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "kivettää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "pétrifier"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "erstarren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drętwieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdrętwieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lodowacieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zlodowacieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrifica"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "împietri"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "petrificar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "förstena"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "nanigas"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "donakalmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "taşlaşmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "taş kesilmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cipeníty",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "ціпені́ти"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to immobilize with fright",
"word": "fferru"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shíhuà",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "石化"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "kivettyä"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pathrānā",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "पथराना"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "lapidesco"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "taşlaşmak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "caregu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to become stone, or of a stony hardness",
"word": "fferru"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vkamenjavam se",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "вкаменявам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"word": "kovettua"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "камене́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "okamenétʹ",
"sense": "to become stony, callous, or obdurate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окамене́ть"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "使发呆"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "jähmettää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "kovettaa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make callous or obdurate; to transform as by petrification",
"word": "taşlaştırmak"
}
],
"word": "petrify"
}
Download raw JSONL data for petrify meaning in English (18.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.