See orc in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "orque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French orque",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "orca"
},
"expansion": "Italian orca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "orca",
"4": "",
"5": "type of whale"
},
"expansion": "Latin orca (“type of whale”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "orca"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of orca",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French orque, Italian orca, and their source, Latin orca (“type of whale”). Doublet of orca.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "orcs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "orc (plural orcs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "39 35 20 6",
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "32 19 14 35",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "52 19 25 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
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{
"_dis": "49 24 23 4",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "50 22 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 21 16 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 15 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "58 18 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 22 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 22 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 21 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 22 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 18 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 32 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 13 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 22 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
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"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 17 13 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 17 13 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "50 22 24 4",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 22 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 35 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 23 25 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 19 14 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "48 22 26 4",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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{
"_dis": "31 20 14 35",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "50 22 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 42 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 13 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
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"_dis": "66 18 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 22 23 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 22 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 21 9 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Delphinids",
"orig": "en:Delphinids",
"parents": [
"Cetaceans",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 46 15 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale."
],
"id": "en-orc-en-noun-fI~twit8",
"links": [
[
"ferocious",
"ferocious"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"killer whale",
"killer whale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ork"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-orc.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"word": "orc"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Russia",
"orig": "en:Russia",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "half-orc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "orcess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Orcish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "orcish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "she-orc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "SMOrc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Orcban"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Orcistan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "örk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: örk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: örk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "örkki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: örkki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: örkki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ორკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ორკი (orḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ორკი (orḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ορκ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: ορκ (ork)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: ορκ (ork)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "orki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: orki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: orki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "オーク",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ōku"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: オーク (ōku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: オーク (ōku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "오크",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 오크 (okeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 오크 (okeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "orks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: orks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: orks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "orkas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: orkas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: orkas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "ऑर्क",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: ऑर्क (ŏrka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: ऑर्क (ŏrka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ork",
"3": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: ork, orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: ork, orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "орк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: орк (ork)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: орк (ork)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ork / орк"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "орк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: орк (ork)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: орк (ork)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "orco",
"4": "",
"5": "man-eating giant"
},
"expansion": "Italian orco (“man-eating giant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "orc"
},
"expansion": "Old English orc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Orcus",
"4": "",
"5": "the underworld; the god Pluto"
},
"expansion": "Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ogre",
"3": "Orcus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ogre and Orcus",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uk",
"3": "орк",
"4": "",
"5": "evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc",
"senseid": "Russian"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian орк (ork, “evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc”)",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "орк"
},
"expansion": "Russian орк (ork)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "у́рка",
"3": "",
"4": "criminal",
"pos": "prison slang"
},
"expansion": "Russian у́рка (úrka, “criminal”, prison slang)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Italian orco (“man-eating giant”); later revived by J. R. R. Tolkien, partly after Old English orc, which he took to mean \"demon\". Both are from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”). Doublet of ogre and Orcus.\nSense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian орк (ork, “evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc”) or Russian орк (ork), both from the English word and possibly under the influence of Russian у́рка (úrka, “criminal”, prison slang). Popularized in English in 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "orcs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "orc (plural orcs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ogre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "goblin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "troll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Nork"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fantasy",
"orig": "en:Fantasy",
"parents": [
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythology",
"orig": "en:Mythology",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "39 35 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms borrowed back into English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 19 14 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 21 16 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 13 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 19 14 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 20 14 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 13 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 46 15 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1656, Samuel Holland, Don Zara del Fogo, I.1:",
"text": "Who at one stroke didst pare away three heads from off the shoulders of an Orke, begotten by an Incubus.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1834, \"The National Fairy Mythology of England\" in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, Vol. 10, p. 53",
"text": "The chief exploit of the hero, Beowulf the Great, is the destruction of the two monsters Grendel and his mother; both like most of the evil beings in the old times, dwellers in the fens and the waters; and both, moreover, as some Christian bard has taken care to inform us, of \"Cain's kin,\" as were also the eotens, and the elves, and the orcs (eótenas, and ylfe, and orcneas)."
},
{
"ref": "1954, JRR Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring:",
"text": "There was a flash like flame and the helm burst asunder. The orc fell with cloven head.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green."
],
"id": "en-orc-en-noun-W5LdDQXc",
"links": [
[
"fantasy",
"fantasy"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"mythical",
"mythical"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"monstrous",
"monstrous"
],
[
"humanoid",
"humanoid"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
],
[
"green",
"green"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fantasy, mythology) A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green."
],
"topics": [
"fantasy",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔōrk",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أُورْك"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ōrk",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "օրկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orc"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "半獸人"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànshòurén",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "半兽人"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "獸人"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shòurén",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "兽人"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "奧克"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àokè",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "奥克"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "歐克"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ōukè",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "欧克"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skřet"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orko"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "mäekoll"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "örk"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "örkki"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orque"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orc"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orco"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "orḳi",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "ორკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ορκ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orki"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "gergasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōku",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "オーク"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "okeu",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "오크"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orks"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orkas"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "Ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "ŏrka",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ऑर्क"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orc"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ôrk",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "اورک"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orc"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orque"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orc"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ohyzd"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "škrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "škriatok"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "orch"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 35 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms borrowed back into English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 19 14 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 21 16 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 13 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
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"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
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"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
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{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "30 19 14 37",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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{
"_dis": "31 20 14 35",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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{
"_dis": "11 3 42 44",
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{
"_dis": "31 17 13 38",
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{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
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{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 46 15 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Andrew Wilson, The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation, page 354:",
"text": "Ukrainians themselves, including those on the right, preferred to call the events the 'Revolution of Dignity', depicted not in terms of ethnicity or class, but in simple civic black and white – a revolution of the people against Yanukovych's 'Mordor' and his 'Orcs'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 1, Bruno Maçães, “Europe’s Illusion of Peace Has Been Irrevocably Shattered”, in Time:",
"text": "And now we must watch the old world go up in flames, in the mad spectacle of Putin’s orcs descending upon Kyiv to execute his macabre plan.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 July 25, Michael Wasiura, “Belarusian Exiles Join Ukrainians in Taking Up Arms Against Russia”, in Newsweek, retrieved 2022-07-25:",
"text": "Plenty of Belarusian exiles have gone to Europe, but if you run West, then the Orcs [a Ukrainian slang term for \"Russian soldiers\"] will just follow you there. It's better to risk your life as a free person than to keep running.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Russian soldier or gangster."
],
"id": "en-orc-en-noun-en:Russian",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"gangster",
"gangster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, derogatory) A Russian soldier or gangster."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Russian"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ōrk",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "օրկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "半獸人"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànshòurén",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "半兽人"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "orḳi",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "ორკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "ork"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 20",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English ethnic slurs",
"parents": [
"Ethnic slurs",
"Offensive terms",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 19 14 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 21 16 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 13 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 17 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 19 14 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 20 14 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 42 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 13 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Russian person."
],
"id": "en-orc-en-noun-en:Russian1",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, Internet slang, ethnic slur) A Russian person."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Russian"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"broadly",
"ethnic",
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-orc.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ork"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine",
"J. R. R. Tolkien",
"orc"
],
"word": "orc"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English semantic loans from Ukrainian",
"English terms borrowed back into English",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Delphinids",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Russia"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "orque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French orque",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "orca"
},
"expansion": "Italian orca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "orca",
"4": "",
"5": "type of whale"
},
"expansion": "Latin orca (“type of whale”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "orca"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of orca",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French orque, Italian orca, and their source, Latin orca (“type of whale”). Doublet of orca.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "orcs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "orc (plural orcs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale."
],
"links": [
[
"ferocious",
"ferocious"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"killer whale",
"killer whale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-orc.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ork"
}
],
"word": "orc"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English semantic loans from Ukrainian",
"English terms borrowed back into English",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Delphinids",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Russia"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "half-orc"
},
{
"word": "orcess"
},
{
"word": "Orcish"
},
{
"word": "orcish"
},
{
"word": "she-orc"
},
{
"word": "SMOrc"
},
{
"word": "Orcban"
},
{
"word": "Orcistan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "örk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: örk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: örk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "örkki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: örkki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: örkki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ორკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ორკი (orḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ორკი (orḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ορκ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: ορκ (ork)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: ορκ (ork)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "orki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: orki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: orki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "オーク",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ōku"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: オーク (ōku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: オーク (ōku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "오크",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 오크 (okeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 오크 (okeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "orks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: orks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: orks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "orkas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: orkas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: orkas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "ऑर्क",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: ऑर्क (ŏrka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: ऑर्क (ŏrka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ork",
"3": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: ork, orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: ork, orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "orc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: orc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: orc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "орк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: орк (ork)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: орк (ork)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ork / орк"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ork",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: ork",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: ork"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "орк",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: орк (ork)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: орк (ork)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "orco",
"4": "",
"5": "man-eating giant"
},
"expansion": "Italian orco (“man-eating giant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "orc"
},
"expansion": "Old English orc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Orcus",
"4": "",
"5": "the underworld; the god Pluto"
},
"expansion": "Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ogre",
"3": "Orcus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ogre and Orcus",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uk",
"3": "орк",
"4": "",
"5": "evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc",
"senseid": "Russian"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian орк (ork, “evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc”)",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "орк"
},
"expansion": "Russian орк (ork)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "у́рка",
"3": "",
"4": "criminal",
"pos": "prison slang"
},
"expansion": "Russian у́рка (úrka, “criminal”, prison slang)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Italian orco (“man-eating giant”); later revived by J. R. R. Tolkien, partly after Old English orc, which he took to mean \"demon\". Both are from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”). Doublet of ogre and Orcus.\nSense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian орк (ork, “evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc”) or Russian орк (ork), both from the English word and possibly under the influence of Russian у́рка (úrka, “criminal”, prison slang). Popularized in English in 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "orcs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "orc (plural orcs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ogre"
},
{
"word": "goblin"
},
{
"word": "troll"
},
{
"word": "Nork"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Fantasy",
"en:Mythology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1656, Samuel Holland, Don Zara del Fogo, I.1:",
"text": "Who at one stroke didst pare away three heads from off the shoulders of an Orke, begotten by an Incubus.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1834, \"The National Fairy Mythology of England\" in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, Vol. 10, p. 53",
"text": "The chief exploit of the hero, Beowulf the Great, is the destruction of the two monsters Grendel and his mother; both like most of the evil beings in the old times, dwellers in the fens and the waters; and both, moreover, as some Christian bard has taken care to inform us, of \"Cain's kin,\" as were also the eotens, and the elves, and the orcs (eótenas, and ylfe, and orcneas)."
},
{
"ref": "1954, JRR Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring:",
"text": "There was a flash like flame and the helm burst asunder. The orc fell with cloven head.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green."
],
"links": [
[
"fantasy",
"fantasy"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"mythical",
"mythical"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"monstrous",
"monstrous"
],
[
"humanoid",
"humanoid"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
],
[
"green",
"green"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fantasy, mythology) A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green."
],
"topics": [
"fantasy",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Andrew Wilson, The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation, page 354:",
"text": "Ukrainians themselves, including those on the right, preferred to call the events the 'Revolution of Dignity', depicted not in terms of ethnicity or class, but in simple civic black and white – a revolution of the people against Yanukovych's 'Mordor' and his 'Orcs'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 1, Bruno Maçães, “Europe’s Illusion of Peace Has Been Irrevocably Shattered”, in Time:",
"text": "And now we must watch the old world go up in flames, in the mad spectacle of Putin’s orcs descending upon Kyiv to execute his macabre plan.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 July 25, Michael Wasiura, “Belarusian Exiles Join Ukrainians in Taking Up Arms Against Russia”, in Newsweek, retrieved 2022-07-25:",
"text": "Plenty of Belarusian exiles have gone to Europe, but if you run West, then the Orcs [a Ukrainian slang term for \"Russian soldiers\"] will just follow you there. It's better to risk your life as a free person than to keep running.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Russian soldier or gangster."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"gangster",
"gangster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, derogatory) A Russian soldier or gangster."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Russian"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English ethnic slurs",
"English internet slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A Russian person."
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, Internet slang, ethnic slur) A Russian person."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Russian"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"broadly",
"ethnic",
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-orc.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orc.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ork"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔōrk",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أُورْك"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ōrk",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "օրկ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orc"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "半獸人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànshòurén",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "半兽人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "獸人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shòurén",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "兽人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "奧克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àokè",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "奥克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "歐克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ōukè",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "欧克"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skřet"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "mäekoll"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "örk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "örkki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orque"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orc"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orco"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "orḳi",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "ორკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ork"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ορκ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orki"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "gergasi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōku",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "オーク"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "okeu",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "오크"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orkas"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "Ork"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "ŏrka",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ऑर्क"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orc"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ôrk",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "اورک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orc"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"word": "orque"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ohyzd"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "škrat"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "škriatok"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "orch"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "evil monstrous humanoid creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ōrk",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "օրկ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "半獸人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànshòurén",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "半兽人"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "orḳi",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "ორკი"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"word": "ork"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ork",
"sense": "a Russian soldier or gangster",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "орк"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine",
"J. R. R. Tolkien",
"orc"
],
"word": "orc"
}
Download raw JSONL data for orc meaning in English (23.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.