"meh" meaning in English

See meh in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /mɛ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation], /me/ [General-Australian] Audio: en-us-meh.ogg [US], en-au-meh.ogg [Australia] Forms: more meh [comparative], most meh [superlative]
Rhymes: -ɛ Etymology: Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled "Sideshow Bob Roberts" (1994). Possibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928. Etymology templates: {{m+|yi|מע||so-so}} Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”), {{etydate/the|1928}} 1928, {{etydate|1928}} First attested in 1928. Head templates: {{en-adj}} meh (comparative more meh, superlative most meh)
  1. Mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring. Translations (mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring): nic moc (Czech), vaisu (Finnish), olyan-amilyen (Hungarian), úgy-ahogy (Hungarian), csak-csak (Hungarian), semmilyen (Hungarian), se íze, se bűze (Hungarian), mediocre (Italian), dozzinale (Italian), da poco (Italian), фигня́ (fignjá) [feminine, noun] (Russian), фиго́вый (figóvyj) [adjective] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-meh-en-adj-uMdQSsoW Disambiguation of 'mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring': 98 2
  2. Apathetic; unenthusiastic. Translations (apathetic; unenthusiastic): tympäistä (english: to feel meh) (Finnish), egykedvű (Hungarian), unott (Hungarian), безразли́чный (bezrazlíčnyj) [adjective] (Russian), безразли́чие (bezrazlíčije) [neuter, noun] (Russian), по́фиг (pófig) [impersonal] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-meh-en-adj-npYfWuYe Disambiguation of 'apathetic; unenthusiastic': 2 98
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Interjection

IPA: /mɛ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation], /me/ [General-Australian] Audio: en-us-meh.ogg [US], en-au-meh.ogg [Australia]
Rhymes: -ɛ Etymology: Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled "Sideshow Bob Roberts" (1994). Possibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928. Etymology templates: {{m+|yi|מע||so-so}} Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”), {{etydate/the|1928}} 1928, {{etydate|1928}} First attested in 1928. Head templates: {{en-interj}} meh
  1. (slang) Expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm. Tags: slang Translations (slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm): hm (Czech), hmm (Finnish), pah (Finnish), pyh (Finnish), bof (French), á (Hungarian), ugyan (Hungarian), ugyan már (Hungarian), bah (Italian), nhé (Portuguese), ну (nu) (Russian), хм (xm) (Russian), пф (pf) (english: more indifference and a bit of defiance) (Russian), фу (fu) (Russian), фе (fe) (Russian), фи (fi) (english: even more indifference and defiance) (Russian), tsk (Swedish), äh (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-meh-en-intj-8UBTffCF Synonyms: pht, pshh, phht, pssh, pssht, psht, pshht, feh, pooh, pshaw, pish, bah, poh
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /mɛ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation], /me/ [General-Australian] Audio: en-us-meh.ogg [US], en-au-meh.ogg [Australia]
Rhymes: -ɛ Etymology: Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled "Sideshow Bob Roberts" (1994). Possibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928. Etymology templates: {{m+|yi|מע||so-so}} Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”), {{etydate/the|1928}} 1928, {{etydate|1928}} First attested in 1928. Head templates: {{en-noun|?}} meh
  1. (informal) A judgement marked by indifference; lack of impression. Tags: informal
    Sense id: en-meh-en-noun-RMIcI468
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Particle

IPA: /mɛ(ː)˦/ [Malaysia, Singapore], /mɛ(ː)˦˨/ [Malaysia, Singapore]
Etymology: From Cantonese 咩 (me¹). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|yue|咩}} Cantonese 咩 (me¹) Head templates: {{head|en|particle|head=|sort=}} meh, {{en-particle}} meh
  1. Final question particle expressing skepticism. Tags: Manglish, Singlish
    Sense id: en-meh-en-particle-en:interrogative Categories (other): Singlish Disambiguation of Singlish: 7 8 17 24 44 Related terms (Singlish particles): ah, hor, know, lah, leh, liao, lor, mah, one, sia, what
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for meh meaning in English (15.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "מע",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so-so"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "1928",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1928.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled \"Sideshow Bob Roberts\" (1994).\nPossibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more meh",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most meh",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "meh (comparative more meh, superlative most meh)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2003, steve-o, “Jam On The River Mini-Review”, in rec.music.phish (Usenet)",
          "text": "They redeemed themselves with this show. The first song or two was meh, but they were on fire after that.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Suzanne D., “Recaps: Finals Week 8 Performances, 5/2/2006”, in alt.tv.american-idol (Usenet)",
          "text": "The voice is excellent as always, but the overall effect was meh until the end, where he became a little bit awesome.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, FunkyM, “Turned on RAW for the first time in forever last night…”, in rec.sport.pro.wrestling (Usenet)",
          "text": "Nothing that was supposed to be big and exciting came off as such and the rest was meh at best.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring."
      ],
      "id": "en-meh-en-adj-uMdQSsoW",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mediocre",
          "mediocre"
        ],
        [
          "lackluster",
          "lackluster"
        ],
        [
          "unexceptional",
          "unexceptional"
        ],
        [
          "uninspiring",
          "uninspiring"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "nic moc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "vaisu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "olyan-amilyen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "úgy-ahogy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "csak-csak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "semmilyen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "se íze, se bűze"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "mediocre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "dozzinale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "word": "da poco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "fignjá",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "фигня́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "figóvyj",
          "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "фиго́вый"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2003, Dana, “10/18/03 Shows”, in alt.tv.trading-spaces (Usenet)",
          "text": "Both shows left me feeling, meh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, jennifer, “The FANtasia thing: I don’t get it…”, in alt.gossip.celebrities (Usenet)",
          "text": "I’m a huge Clay fan, love Ruben’s voice, and have become quite a fan of Kelly’s, as well. Fantasia just leaves me feeling meh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, ettie...@hotmail.com, “Steve’s impressions on random Genesis games”, in rec.games.video.sega (Usenet)",
          "text": "I liked it but I wasn’t feeling it for some reason that day, again, I was feeling meh toward video games in general.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Apathetic; unenthusiastic."
      ],
      "id": "en-meh-en-adj-npYfWuYe",
      "links": [
        [
          "Apathetic",
          "apathetic"
        ],
        [
          "unenthusiastic",
          "unenthusiastic"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "to feel meh",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
          "word": "tympäistä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
          "word": "egykedvű"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
          "word": "unott"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "bezrazlíčnyj",
          "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "безразли́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "bezrazlíčije",
          "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
          "tags": [
            "neuter",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "безразли́чие"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pófig",
          "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
          "tags": [
            "impersonal"
          ],
          "word": "по́фиг"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/me/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg/En-us-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg/En-au-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Sideshow Bob Roberts",
    "The Simpsons"
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "מע",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so-so"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "1928",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1928.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled \"Sideshow Bob Roberts\" (1994).\nPossibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "“What do you want for dinner?” — “Meh. I’m not really hungry.”",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "“That film was awesome!” — “Meh. I’ve seen better.”",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "March 19 1995, “Lisa's Wedding”, in The Simpsons",
          "roman": "Bart: “Meh”.",
          "text": "Marge: [weaving on a loom] “Hi Bart, I’m weaving on a loom!”",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "7 September 2014, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, p. 8]”, in The New York Times",
          "text": "Scientists say that while the public may think of the moon as a problem solved and a bit retro – the place astronauts visited a half-dozen times way back before Watergate and then abandoned with a giant \"meh\" from mankind – in fact, lunar studies is a vibrant enterprise that is yielding a wealth of surprises.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm."
      ],
      "id": "en-meh-en-intj-8UBTffCF",
      "links": [
        [
          "indifference",
          "indifference#English"
        ],
        [
          "enthusiasm",
          "enthusiasm#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) Expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pht"
        },
        {
          "word": "pshh"
        },
        {
          "word": "phht"
        },
        {
          "word": "pssh"
        },
        {
          "word": "pssht"
        },
        {
          "word": "psht"
        },
        {
          "word": "pshht"
        },
        {
          "word": "feh"
        },
        {
          "word": "pooh"
        },
        {
          "word": "pshaw"
        },
        {
          "word": "pish"
        },
        {
          "word": "bah"
        },
        {
          "word": "poh"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "hm"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "hmm"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "pah"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "pyh"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "bof"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "á"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "ugyan"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "ugyan már"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "bah"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "nhé"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nu",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "ну"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xm",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "хм"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "more indifference and a bit of defiance",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pf",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "пф"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "fu",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "фу"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "fe",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "фе"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "even more indifference and defiance",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "fi",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "фи"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "tsk"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
          "word": "äh"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/me/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg/En-us-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg/En-au-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Sideshow Bob Roberts",
    "The Simpsons"
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "מע",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so-so"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "1928",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1928.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled \"Sideshow Bob Roberts\" (1994).\nPossibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A judgement marked by indifference; lack of impression."
      ],
      "id": "en-meh-en-noun-RMIcI468",
      "links": [
        [
          "judgement",
          "judgement"
        ],
        [
          "indifference",
          "indifference"
        ],
        [
          "impression",
          "impression"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) A judgement marked by indifference; lack of impression."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/me/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg/En-us-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg/En-au-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Sideshow Bob Roberts",
    "The Simpsons"
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yue",
        "3": "咩"
      },
      "expansion": "Cantonese 咩 (me¹)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Cantonese 咩 (me¹).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "particle",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "en-particle"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 8 17 24 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Singlish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Really meh? ― Really? I don't think so.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "This is yours meh? ― Is this really yours?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, Yasser Khan, Property Agent Secrets: The Underground Playbook For Growing Your Property Agent Business in 2021 & Beyond, page 123",
          "text": "\"Huh? At this hour? Really meh?\" He couldn't believe his own ears.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "7 October 2013, Tee Hun Ching, The Sunday Times, Singapore, page 12",
          "text": "“Nice meh?” I would think sourly.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "22 August 2010, Fiona Chan, The Sunday Times, Singapore, page 13",
          "text": "You got send [e-mail] meh? I never receive leh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Final question particle expressing skepticism."
      ],
      "id": "en-meh-en-particle-en:interrogative",
      "links": [
        [
          "skepticism",
          "skepticism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "ah"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "hor"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "know"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "lah"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "leh"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "liao"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "lor"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "mah"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "one"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "sia"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Singlish particles",
          "word": "what"
        }
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:interrogative"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Manglish",
        "Singlish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ(ː)˦/",
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ(ː)˦˨/",
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Slovene translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Singlish"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "מע",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so-so"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "1928",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1928.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled \"Sideshow Bob Roberts\" (1994).\nPossibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more meh",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most meh",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "meh (comparative more meh, superlative most meh)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2003, steve-o, “Jam On The River Mini-Review”, in rec.music.phish (Usenet)",
          "text": "They redeemed themselves with this show. The first song or two was meh, but they were on fire after that.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Suzanne D., “Recaps: Finals Week 8 Performances, 5/2/2006”, in alt.tv.american-idol (Usenet)",
          "text": "The voice is excellent as always, but the overall effect was meh until the end, where he became a little bit awesome.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, FunkyM, “Turned on RAW for the first time in forever last night…”, in rec.sport.pro.wrestling (Usenet)",
          "text": "Nothing that was supposed to be big and exciting came off as such and the rest was meh at best.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mediocre",
          "mediocre"
        ],
        [
          "lackluster",
          "lackluster"
        ],
        [
          "unexceptional",
          "unexceptional"
        ],
        [
          "uninspiring",
          "uninspiring"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2003, Dana, “10/18/03 Shows”, in alt.tv.trading-spaces (Usenet)",
          "text": "Both shows left me feeling, meh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, jennifer, “The FANtasia thing: I don’t get it…”, in alt.gossip.celebrities (Usenet)",
          "text": "I’m a huge Clay fan, love Ruben’s voice, and have become quite a fan of Kelly’s, as well. Fantasia just leaves me feeling meh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, ettie...@hotmail.com, “Steve’s impressions on random Genesis games”, in rec.games.video.sega (Usenet)",
          "text": "I liked it but I wasn’t feeling it for some reason that day, again, I was feeling meh toward video games in general.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Apathetic; unenthusiastic."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Apathetic",
          "apathetic"
        ],
        [
          "unenthusiastic",
          "unenthusiastic"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/me/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg/En-us-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg/En-au-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "nic moc"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "vaisu"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "olyan-amilyen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "úgy-ahogy"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "csak-csak"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "semmilyen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "se íze, se bűze"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "mediocre"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "dozzinale"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "word": "da poco"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fignjá",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "фигня́"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "figóvyj",
      "sense": "mediocre; lackluster; unexceptional; uninspiring",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "фиго́вый"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "to feel meh",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
      "word": "tympäistä"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
      "word": "egykedvű"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
      "word": "unott"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "bezrazlíčnyj",
      "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "безразли́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "bezrazlíčije",
      "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "безразли́чие"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pófig",
      "sense": "apathetic; unenthusiastic",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal"
      ],
      "word": "по́фиг"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Sideshow Bob Roberts",
    "The Simpsons"
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Slovene translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Singlish"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "מע",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so-so"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "1928",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1928.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled \"Sideshow Bob Roberts\" (1994).\nPossibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "“What do you want for dinner?” — “Meh. I’m not really hungry.”",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "“That film was awesome!” — “Meh. I’ve seen better.”",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "March 19 1995, “Lisa's Wedding”, in The Simpsons",
          "roman": "Bart: “Meh”.",
          "text": "Marge: [weaving on a loom] “Hi Bart, I’m weaving on a loom!”",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "7 September 2014, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, p. 8]”, in The New York Times",
          "text": "Scientists say that while the public may think of the moon as a problem solved and a bit retro – the place astronauts visited a half-dozen times way back before Watergate and then abandoned with a giant \"meh\" from mankind – in fact, lunar studies is a vibrant enterprise that is yielding a wealth of surprises.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "indifference",
          "indifference#English"
        ],
        [
          "enthusiasm",
          "enthusiasm#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) Expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/me/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg/En-us-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg/En-au-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "pht"
    },
    {
      "word": "pshh"
    },
    {
      "word": "phht"
    },
    {
      "word": "pssh"
    },
    {
      "word": "pssht"
    },
    {
      "word": "psht"
    },
    {
      "word": "pshht"
    },
    {
      "word": "feh"
    },
    {
      "word": "pooh"
    },
    {
      "word": "pshaw"
    },
    {
      "word": "pish"
    },
    {
      "word": "bah"
    },
    {
      "word": "poh"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "hm"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "hmm"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "pah"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "pyh"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "bof"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "á"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "ugyan"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "ugyan már"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "bah"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "nhé"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nu",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "ну"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xm",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "хм"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "more indifference and a bit of defiance",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pf",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "пф"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fu",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "фу"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fe",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "фе"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "even more indifference and defiance",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "fi",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "фи"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "tsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "slang: expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm",
      "word": "äh"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Sideshow Bob Roberts",
    "The Simpsons"
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Slovene translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Singlish"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "מע",
        "3": "",
        "4": "so-so"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "1928",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1928"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1928.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Popularized by the American television show The Simpsons; first used on the show in the episode titled \"Sideshow Bob Roberts\" (1994).\nPossibly ultimately from Yiddish ⁧מע⁩ (me, “so-so”). First attested in 1928.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A judgement marked by indifference; lack of impression."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "judgement",
          "judgement"
        ],
        [
          "indifference",
          "indifference"
        ],
        [
          "impression",
          "impression"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) A judgement marked by indifference; lack of impression."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/me/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg/En-us-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/En-us-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-meh.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg/En-au-meh.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-au-meh.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Sideshow Bob Roberts",
    "The Simpsons"
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Singlish"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yue",
        "3": "咩"
      },
      "expansion": "Cantonese 咩 (me¹)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Cantonese 咩 (me¹).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "particle",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "meh",
      "name": "en-particle"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "particle",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "ah"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "hor"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "know"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "lah"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "leh"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "liao"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "lor"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "mah"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "one"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "sia"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Singlish particles",
      "word": "what"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Really meh? ― Really? I don't think so.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "This is yours meh? ― Is this really yours?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, Yasser Khan, Property Agent Secrets: The Underground Playbook For Growing Your Property Agent Business in 2021 & Beyond, page 123",
          "text": "\"Huh? At this hour? Really meh?\" He couldn't believe his own ears.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "7 October 2013, Tee Hun Ching, The Sunday Times, Singapore, page 12",
          "text": "“Nice meh?” I would think sourly.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "22 August 2010, Fiona Chan, The Sunday Times, Singapore, page 13",
          "text": "You got send [e-mail] meh? I never receive leh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Final question particle expressing skepticism."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skepticism",
          "skepticism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:interrogative"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Manglish",
        "Singlish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ(ː)˦/",
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɛ(ː)˦˨/",
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "meh"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.