See humbug in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for humbug meaning in English (38.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "humpuuki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: humpuuki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: humpuuki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Humbug",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Humbug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Humbug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "humbug",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: humbug",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps in part through German"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps in part through German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: humbug (perhaps in part through German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "humbug",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: humbug",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps in part through German"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps in part through German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: humbug (perhaps in part through German)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hummer",
"3": "",
"4": "(slang) An obvious lie"
},
"expansion": "hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hum",
"3": "",
"4": "(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on"
},
"expansion": "hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bug",
"3": "",
"4": "a goblin, a spectre"
},
"expansion": "bug (“a goblin, a spectre”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Hamburg"
},
"expansion": "Hamburg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ambage"
},
"expansion": "ambage",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) states that “the facts as to its origin appear to have been lost, even before the word became common enough to excite attention”. It has been suggested that the word possibly derives from hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”), or from hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”) + bug (“a goblin, a spectre”). In his Slang Dictionary (1864), English bibliophile and publisher John Camden Hotten (1832–1873) suggested a link to the name of the German city of Hamburg, “from which town so many false bulletins and reports came during the war in the last century”, or alternatively a derivation from ambage.\nHotten also said he had traced the earliest occurrence of the word to the title page of Ferdinando Killigrew’s book The Universal Jester (see quotations), which he dated to about 1735–1740. This dating has therefore been adopted by other dictionaries. However, the OED dates the word to about 1750, as the earliest edition of Killigrew’s work has been dated to 1754.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "humbugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "humbug (countable and uncountable, plural humbugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hum‧bug"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1754, Ferdinando Killigrew, The Universal Jester: or, A Pocket Companion for the Wits, London: […] R. Whitworth, […]; J. Warcus, […]; R. Richards, […]; W. Mynors, […]; and W. Heard, […], →OCLC, title page",
"text": "The universal jester: or, a pocket companion for the wits. Being a choice collection of merry conceits, facetious Drolleries, humorous Waggeries, smart Repartees, pleasant Jokes, Clenchers, Closures, Bon Mots, and Humbugs; comic Stories, notable Puns, witty Quibbles, and ridiculous Bulls. To which are added, Mr. Puzzlewit's gimcracks ; or, A long String of out-o'th'-way Conundrums, diverting Rebusses, poignant Epigrams, odd and uncommon Epitaphs, &c. &c. All calculated to promote inoffensive Mirth, and divert good Company with Elegance and Taste. Containing more in Number, and greater Variety, than any Book of the Kind yet published. Humbly inscribed to the choice spirits of the age. By Ferdinando Killigrew, Esq.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1772 November, “A Short Dissertation on the Modern Art of Humbugging”, in The Covent-Garden Magazine; or, Amorous Repository: […], volume I, London: […] G. Allen, […], →OCLC, pages 175–176",
"text": "The profeſſor of the modern Humbugg, for ſuch is the polite name of this qualification, muſt either have from nature an unalterable countenance, or from art a power of commanding all its ſucceſſive variations, and preſerving it inviolably in each, as long as the present ſituation of the caſe renders it neceſſary: he muſt have a head full of imagination, and a heart empty of every trace of candor and humanity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hoax, jest, or prank."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-PAQi96tm",
"links": [
[
"hoax",
"hoax"
],
[
"jest",
"jest"
],
[
"prank",
"prank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A hoax, jest, or prank."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šega",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шега"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "mistifiko"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "humpuuki"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "pila"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "kuje"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Scherz"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streich"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schabernack"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ulkerei"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "hamupaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glumă"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păcăleală"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvodka",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "разводка"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "farsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disparate"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tontería"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bobería"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spratt"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 4 4 14 2 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skämt"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1822 August, “On Humbug, Pro and Con—and the Art of Puffing”, in [J. S. Boone], editor, The Council of Ten, volume I, number III, London: […] Thomas Wilkie, […], →OCLC, page 327",
"text": "Look at the affairs of nations on the widest scale—look at their intercourse with each other—look at the manifestoes, by which war is declared—look at the treaties, by which peace is restored—look at the professions of kings, or popes, or generals, or ministers. Is not cant, humbug, hypocrisy, the staple of them all? What is modern diplomacy, but a system of duplicity and deceit?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1840 August 29, “C.”, “Humbug”, in George Petrie, editor, The Irish Penny Journal. […], volume I, number 9, Dublin: […] Gunn and Cameron, […], published 1841, →OCLC, page 67, column 1",
"text": "What is the civility of the landlord and his waiters but humbug? What the smirking, smiling, ducking and bowing of the shopkeeper, but humbug? What his sweet and gentle \"yes, sirs,\" and \"no, sirs,\" and \"proud to serve you, sirs,\" but humbug? You are not goose enough to believe for a moment that he is serious, that he has either the least regard or respect for you.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1845, J[oseph] H. Bagg, “Magnetism as More Particularly Applied to Man, or What is Commonly Called Animal Magnetism, Clairvoyance, Catalepsy, Palsy, &c.”, in Bagg on Magnetism, or The Doctrine of Equilibrium: […], Detroit, Mich.: Bagg and Harmon, […], →OCLC, pages 170–171",
"text": "Many times a whole audience will not only be crowded into a small room, but are noisy disbelievers, call it all a humbug, distract the mind of the magnetizer, and added to these, absolutely outwill the magnetizer, in their wish to bring odium upon the science, and carry their points and gain their ends.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Todd Nathan Thompson, “‘Satire upon All of Us’: The Self-made Man as Confidence Man in P. T. Barnum’s America”, in Modest Proposals: American Satire and Political Change from Franklin to Lincoln (unpublished Ph.D. in English dissertation), Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Chicago, →OCLC, page 215",
"text": "[Phineas Taylor] Barnum turned profits detecting humbug, staging humbugs, and in authoring books that present him as a humbug. In each case he operated by aestheticizing humbug: in writing tongue-in-cheek \"reform\" literature about avoiding humbug, in creating narratives or mythologies to advertise his own humbugs, and in celebrating in prose his own ability to balance contradictory roles.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fraud or sham; (uncountable) hypocrisy."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-vSPdsYT~",
"links": [
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"sham",
"sham#Noun"
],
[
"hypocrisy",
"hypocrisy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A fraud or sham; (uncountable) hypocrisy."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestruvka",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преструвка"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "измама"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "trompo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "fraŭdo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "humpuuki"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "humbug"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "átverés"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imbroglio"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fraudă"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impostură"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "înșelătorie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naduvatelʹstvo",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "надувательство"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "fraude"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trampa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "embrollo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 78 12 0 1 2 0 0 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "humbug"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 11 0 4 12 5 5 24 26 2 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 16 27 0 10 13 3 3 2 1 18 3 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cheat, fraudster, or hypocrite."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-taVnhAmR",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Noun"
],
[
"fraudster",
"fraudster"
],
[
"hypocrite",
"hypocrite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A cheat, fraudster, or hypocrite."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmamnik",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "измамник"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šarlatanin",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шарлатанин"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "trompisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "fripono"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "huijari"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "sutki"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "humpuukimaakari"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gauner"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halunke"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindler"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schaumschläger"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "hamupaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "impostor"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escroc"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kidala",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кидала"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "tramposo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "embaucador"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "humbug"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 69 0 3 3 0 0 5 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bedragare"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Nina Bawden, chapter 3, in Humbug, New York, N.Y.: Clarion Books, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 17",
"text": "When they had gone, Ma Potter opened her eyes. She said, \"Pay no attention, child. Don't upset yourself. Just humbug, that's all.\" / \"What do you mean?\" Cora whispered. […] \"You mean, telling lies?\" / \"Not altogether. Humbuggery is what people talk without thinking. Lies are deliberate. Are you a clever child?\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonsense."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-jcNe4Dx-",
"links": [
[
"Nonsense",
"nonsense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang) Nonsense."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "humpuuki"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "hölynpöly"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "pöty"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nonsens"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dummes Zeug"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fauler Zauber"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
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"masculine"
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"word": "Humbug"
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{
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"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blanker Unsinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "rūpahu"
}
]
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Michael Morpurgo, “How to Make Old-fashioned Peppermint Humbugs”, in Private Peaceful, London: HarperCollins",
"text": "Humbugs are sweet, hard candies with a mild peppermint flavor, which are traditionally made in small batches by hand. […] Humbugs often feature the old-fashioned peppermint-stripe coloration, dark brown and off-white; are usually oblong or square (about the size of your thumb); […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Jo Cotterill, “White Clover”, in Sweet Hearts (Forget Me Not), London: Red Fox, page 216",
"text": "At half past five in the evening, Anpa sat up in bed and said he'd like a packet of humbugs. Nick and Kate looked at each other and grinned, and Nick immediately picked up his jacket and said he'd go and find some. 'Is he allowed them?' Kate whispered so that Anpa couldn't hear her. / Nick shrugged. 'Can't see how humbugs will do any harm. But I might get soft mints instead so he doesn't choke on them.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A type of hard sweet (candy), usually peppermint flavoured with a striped pattern."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-en:candy",
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"sweet",
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"candy"
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[
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"peppermint"
],
[
"flavoured",
"flavoured"
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[
"striped",
"striped"
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"raw_glosses": [
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],
"senseid": [
"en:candy"
],
"tags": [
"British",
"countable"
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard, sweet candy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hartbonbon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard, sweet candy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hartkaramelle"
}
]
},
{
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"Anything complicated, offensive, troublesome, unpleasant or worrying; a misunderstanding, especially if trivial."
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"(US, countable, slang) Anything complicated, offensive, troublesome, unpleasant or worrying; a misunderstanding, especially if trivial."
],
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"countable",
"slang"
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},
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{
"ref": "1969, Ruth Shonle Cavan, editor, Readings in Juvenile Delinquency, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J. B. Lippincott & Co., →OCLC, pages 225–226",
"text": "Yet, for all the ferocity, the fights were short-lived. Every group except the Vice Kings, who had been most threatened, were brought under control fairly quickly and stayed to see the basketball game—only the Vice Kings missed it. Moreover, despite talk of retaliation, the humbug was self-contained; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Thomas Kochman, editor, Rappin’ and Stylin’ Out: Communication in Urban Black America, Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, page 364",
"text": "Vice Lords refer to all kinds of fighting as humbugging. A fight between a boy and his father, a fight between males and females, a fight between rival clubs, or any other kind of fight can be referred to as a humbug. However, Vice Lords further distinguish between kinds of fighting. Gangbanging refers only to fights between enemy clubs. When individuals wish to distinguish between fights involving two individuals and fights involving rival clubs, they refer to the former as humbugs and the latter as gangbangs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, James F. Short, Delinquency and Society (Prentice-Hall Foundations of Modern Sociology Series), Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, pages 197 and 198",
"text": "[page 197] A \"humbug\" (gang fight) that took place at the Chicago Amphitheater involved both threats to the newly acquired adult status of a gang leader (he had just turned 21 years old) and to group identity among rival gangs. […] [page 198] The humbug provided grist for the mill of individual and group status within the status universe of fighting gangs. In the months that followed no more humbugging between any of these gangs took place, however.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, David Dawley, “Whenever It Go Down”, in A Nation of Lords: The Autobiography of the Vice Lords, 2nd edition, Long Grove, Ill.: Waveland Press, page 39",
"text": "Actually we were just looking for something to do because we didn't have any reason to keep out of trouble. All we could do was just drink scrap iron, smoke reefers, and look for a humbug. There was nothing to occupy our minds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fight."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-MFJq-0PA",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "African American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, countable, African American Vernacular, slang) A fight."
],
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"US",
"countable",
"slang"
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},
{
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{
"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"A gang."
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"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-p9MwiI~z",
"links": [
[
"gang",
"gang#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "African American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, US, African American Vernacular, slang, dated) A gang."
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"US",
"countable",
"dated",
"slang"
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"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
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{
"ref": "2009, Joseph Wambaugh, Hollywood Moon: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company",
"text": "\"Let's talk first, Mr. Brown,\" Sergeant Murillo said. \"Do you remember telling these officers you were going to sue them for false arrest?\" / Bootsie Brown paused with the cookie halfway to his lips and said, \"I mighta. It was a humbug arrest. That's why they let me and Axel outta jail in forty-eight hours. We was jist tryin' to have an Irish wake for good old Coleman.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Sparky McLaughlin, “‘Et Tu (Fill in Name Here) …’”, in Damned from Memory, Swedesboro, N.J.: Damned from Memory LLC, BookBaby",
"text": "I pulled the initial investigation report. I see who arrested him and I knew it was a humbug. A humbug is a bullshit arrest. No Police Officer likes to believe they exist; however sometimes it was a fact of life.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A false arrest on trumped-up charges."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-lbm67~Vm",
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"crime",
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"false",
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[
"trumped-up",
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[
"charges",
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]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, US, crime, slang) A false arrest on trumped-up charges."
],
"tags": [
"US",
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"slang"
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},
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018 November 24, The Times, London, page 3",
"text": "Many have been cross-bred with commercial breeds such as Tamworths, producing a \"superbreed\" of fertile boar, which were \"more robust\", and could produce five or six young. known as humbugs, per litter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The piglet of the wild boar."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-noun-VGm9KB4q",
"qualifier": "perhaps by extension",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang, perhaps by extension) The piglet of the wild boar."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
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}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈhʌmbʌɡ/",
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"ipa": "/ˈhəmˌbəɡ/",
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"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) states that “the facts as to its origin appear to have been lost, even before the word became common enough to excite attention”. It has been suggested that the word possibly derives from hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”), or from hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”) + bug (“a goblin, a spectre”). In his Slang Dictionary (1864), English bibliophile and publisher John Camden Hotten (1832–1873) suggested a link to the name of the German city of Hamburg, “from which town so many false bulletins and reports came during the war in the last century”, or alternatively a derivation from ambage.\nHotten also said he had traced the earliest occurrence of the word to the title page of Ferdinando Killigrew’s book The Universal Jester (see quotations), which he dated to about 1735–1740. This dating has therefore been adopted by other dictionaries. However, the OED dates the word to about 1750, as the earliest edition of Killigrew’s work has been dated to 1754.",
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{
"ref": "1841 October, “Ambition. A Farce.”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, volume L, number CCCXII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, →OCLC, page 438",
"text": "[Mr. Clarendon] Steady. Aristotle laughs at you. / [Mr. Algernon Sidney] Twist. He's an impertinent fellow! I say again—Liberty! freedom! glory! / Steady. Humbug! humbug! humbug!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1910, Guy de Maupassant, “Magnetism”, in Ball-of-Tallow and Short Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Pearson Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 302",
"text": "Then each mentioned some fact, some fantastic presentiment, some instance of souls communicating with each other across space, or some case of the secret influence of one being over another. They asserted and maintained that these things had actually occurred, while the sceptic angrily repeated: / \"Humbug! humbug! humbug!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Balderdash!, nonsense!, rubbish!"
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-intj-2KnsCrwY",
"links": [
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[
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[
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"(slang) Balderdash!, nonsense!, rubbish!"
],
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}
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "humbuggery"
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{
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{
"ref": "1796, “The Nine Days Wonder! or the Humbug of Butcher Row. Sung by Mr. Dighton.”, in Songs, &c. in The Spirit of the Grotto. Or an Hour at Weybridge. A Musical Spectacle, as Performed at Sadler's Wells, [London?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 12",
"text": "Here's a Humbugger come, / Will prove the reſt nothing at all, / 'Tis a Jobber, a Factor, / A damn'd Corn Contractor, / Who makes all our Loaves be ſo ſmall; […] And may all ſuch elves, / Be thus Humbugg'd themſelves, / Who thus are Humbugging the poor: / And as ſure as the Bone makes the Cleaver to ſound, / Humbugging, Humbugging goes all the world round.",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"ref": "1810, Henry Brooke, “Epilogue on Humbugging”, in Samuel Johnson and Alexander Chalmers, The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper; including the Series Edited, with Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, by Dr. Samuel Johnson: And the Most Approved Translations. The Additional Lives by Alexander Chalmers, F.S.A. In Twenty-one Volumes, volume XVII (Glover, Whitehead, Jago, Brooke, Scott, Mickle, Jenyns), London: Printed for J[ames] Johnson; [et al.], OCLC 460902446, page 428",
"text": "Of all trades and arts in repute or possession, / Humbugging is held the most ancient profession. / Twixt nations, and parties, and state politicians, / Prim shopkeepers, jobbers, smooth lawyers, physicians, / Of worth and of wisdom the trial and test / Is—mark ye, my friends!—who shall humbug the best."
},
{
"ref": "1873 May 1, John F. French, “Farming—Present and Prospective”, in James O. Adams, New Hampshire Agriculture. Third Annual Report of the Board of Agriculture to His Excellency the Governor, Nashua, N.H.: Orren C. Moore, state printer, OCLC 659327991, pages 204–205",
"text": "Then again farmers are shamefully, lamentably, sometimes almost ruinously humbugged. All classes it is true are humbugged to a certain extent, but farmers in my view suffer themselves to be fooled and swindled in this respect to a greater degree than any other class in the community. They are humbugged in seeds, humbugged in manures, humbugged in agricultural implements, humbugged by agents, humbugged by patent peddlers, humbugged by store-keepers, humbugged by politicians, humbugged by corporations, till finally, some of them are in danger of becoming little less than humbugs themselves."
},
{
"ref": "1902, Charles Austin Bates, The Art and Literature of Business, New York, N.Y.: Bates Pub. Co., →OCLC, page 165",
"text": "A theatrical man or showman has to humbug people. If he doesn't humbug them, they are humbugged.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Bronwyn Naylor, Heron Loban, “ACCC v Keshow [2005] FCA 558; Unconscionability, Education and Indigenous Women; Judgment”, in Heather Douglas, Francesca Bartlett, Trish Luker, Rosemary Hunter, editors, Australian Feminist Judgments: Righting and Rewriting Law, Oxford, Portland, Or.: Hart Publishing, page 186",
"text": "Humbugging is an unflattering term that relates to demanding or pressuring behaviour mainly in relation to money. […] Muriel Palmer said the respondent was humbugging her. Rosina Dickson said the respondent came up to her and asked her if she had any children and was \"sort of\" humbugging her.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-humbug-en-verb-38iR4YgR",
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[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) To play a trick on someone, to cheat, to swindle, to deceive."
],
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],
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{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "de",
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"word": "täuschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat, swindle, deceive",
"word": "hereinlegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat, swindle, deceive",
"word": "schwindeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat, swindle, deceive",
"word": "betrügen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fight; to act tough."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-verb-J5PqXVRe",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"act",
"act#Verb"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"qualifier": "African American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, African American Vernacular, slang) To fight; to act tough."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To waste time talking."
],
"id": "en-humbug-en-verb-XdyKAGWD",
"links": [
[
"waste",
"waste#Verb"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"talking",
"talk#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) To waste time talking."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌmbʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhəmˌbəɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-humbug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/En-au-humbug.ogg/En-au-humbug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/En-au-humbug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"John Camden Hotten",
"Oxford English Dictionary",
"Piccadilly"
],
"word": "humbug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"en:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "humpuuki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: humpuuki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: humpuuki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Humbug",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Humbug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Humbug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "humbug",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: humbug",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps in part through German"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps in part through German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: humbug (perhaps in part through German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "humbug",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: humbug",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps in part through German"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps in part through German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: humbug (perhaps in part through German)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hummer",
"3": "",
"4": "(slang) An obvious lie"
},
"expansion": "hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hum",
"3": "",
"4": "(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on"
},
"expansion": "hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bug",
"3": "",
"4": "a goblin, a spectre"
},
"expansion": "bug (“a goblin, a spectre”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Hamburg"
},
"expansion": "Hamburg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ambage"
},
"expansion": "ambage",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) states that “the facts as to its origin appear to have been lost, even before the word became common enough to excite attention”. It has been suggested that the word possibly derives from hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”), or from hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”) + bug (“a goblin, a spectre”). In his Slang Dictionary (1864), English bibliophile and publisher John Camden Hotten (1832–1873) suggested a link to the name of the German city of Hamburg, “from which town so many false bulletins and reports came during the war in the last century”, or alternatively a derivation from ambage.\nHotten also said he had traced the earliest occurrence of the word to the title page of Ferdinando Killigrew’s book The Universal Jester (see quotations), which he dated to about 1735–1740. This dating has therefore been adopted by other dictionaries. However, the OED dates the word to about 1750, as the earliest edition of Killigrew’s work has been dated to 1754.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "humbugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "humbug (countable and uncountable, plural humbugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hum‧bug"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1754, Ferdinando Killigrew, The Universal Jester: or, A Pocket Companion for the Wits, London: […] R. Whitworth, […]; J. Warcus, […]; R. Richards, […]; W. Mynors, […]; and W. Heard, […], →OCLC, title page",
"text": "The universal jester: or, a pocket companion for the wits. Being a choice collection of merry conceits, facetious Drolleries, humorous Waggeries, smart Repartees, pleasant Jokes, Clenchers, Closures, Bon Mots, and Humbugs; comic Stories, notable Puns, witty Quibbles, and ridiculous Bulls. To which are added, Mr. Puzzlewit's gimcracks ; or, A long String of out-o'th'-way Conundrums, diverting Rebusses, poignant Epigrams, odd and uncommon Epitaphs, &c. &c. All calculated to promote inoffensive Mirth, and divert good Company with Elegance and Taste. Containing more in Number, and greater Variety, than any Book of the Kind yet published. Humbly inscribed to the choice spirits of the age. By Ferdinando Killigrew, Esq.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1772 November, “A Short Dissertation on the Modern Art of Humbugging”, in The Covent-Garden Magazine; or, Amorous Repository: […], volume I, London: […] G. Allen, […], →OCLC, pages 175–176",
"text": "The profeſſor of the modern Humbugg, for ſuch is the polite name of this qualification, muſt either have from nature an unalterable countenance, or from art a power of commanding all its ſucceſſive variations, and preſerving it inviolably in each, as long as the present ſituation of the caſe renders it neceſſary: he muſt have a head full of imagination, and a heart empty of every trace of candor and humanity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hoax, jest, or prank."
],
"links": [
[
"hoax",
"hoax"
],
[
"jest",
"jest"
],
[
"prank",
"prank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A hoax, jest, or prank."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1822 August, “On Humbug, Pro and Con—and the Art of Puffing”, in [J. S. Boone], editor, The Council of Ten, volume I, number III, London: […] Thomas Wilkie, […], →OCLC, page 327",
"text": "Look at the affairs of nations on the widest scale—look at their intercourse with each other—look at the manifestoes, by which war is declared—look at the treaties, by which peace is restored—look at the professions of kings, or popes, or generals, or ministers. Is not cant, humbug, hypocrisy, the staple of them all? What is modern diplomacy, but a system of duplicity and deceit?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1840 August 29, “C.”, “Humbug”, in George Petrie, editor, The Irish Penny Journal. […], volume I, number 9, Dublin: […] Gunn and Cameron, […], published 1841, →OCLC, page 67, column 1",
"text": "What is the civility of the landlord and his waiters but humbug? What the smirking, smiling, ducking and bowing of the shopkeeper, but humbug? What his sweet and gentle \"yes, sirs,\" and \"no, sirs,\" and \"proud to serve you, sirs,\" but humbug? You are not goose enough to believe for a moment that he is serious, that he has either the least regard or respect for you.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1845, J[oseph] H. Bagg, “Magnetism as More Particularly Applied to Man, or What is Commonly Called Animal Magnetism, Clairvoyance, Catalepsy, Palsy, &c.”, in Bagg on Magnetism, or The Doctrine of Equilibrium: […], Detroit, Mich.: Bagg and Harmon, […], →OCLC, pages 170–171",
"text": "Many times a whole audience will not only be crowded into a small room, but are noisy disbelievers, call it all a humbug, distract the mind of the magnetizer, and added to these, absolutely outwill the magnetizer, in their wish to bring odium upon the science, and carry their points and gain their ends.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Todd Nathan Thompson, “‘Satire upon All of Us’: The Self-made Man as Confidence Man in P. T. Barnum’s America”, in Modest Proposals: American Satire and Political Change from Franklin to Lincoln (unpublished Ph.D. in English dissertation), Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Chicago, →OCLC, page 215",
"text": "[Phineas Taylor] Barnum turned profits detecting humbug, staging humbugs, and in authoring books that present him as a humbug. In each case he operated by aestheticizing humbug: in writing tongue-in-cheek \"reform\" literature about avoiding humbug, in creating narratives or mythologies to advertise his own humbugs, and in celebrating in prose his own ability to balance contradictory roles.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fraud or sham; (uncountable) hypocrisy."
],
"links": [
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"sham",
"sham#Noun"
],
[
"hypocrisy",
"hypocrisy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A fraud or sham; (uncountable) hypocrisy."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A cheat, fraudster, or hypocrite."
],
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Noun"
],
[
"fraudster",
"fraudster"
],
[
"hypocrite",
"hypocrite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A cheat, fraudster, or hypocrite."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Nina Bawden, chapter 3, in Humbug, New York, N.Y.: Clarion Books, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 17",
"text": "When they had gone, Ma Potter opened her eyes. She said, \"Pay no attention, child. Don't upset yourself. Just humbug, that's all.\" / \"What do you mean?\" Cora whispered. […] \"You mean, telling lies?\" / \"Not altogether. Humbuggery is what people talk without thinking. Lies are deliberate. Are you a clever child?\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonsense."
],
"links": [
[
"Nonsense",
"nonsense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang) Nonsense."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Michael Morpurgo, “How to Make Old-fashioned Peppermint Humbugs”, in Private Peaceful, London: HarperCollins",
"text": "Humbugs are sweet, hard candies with a mild peppermint flavor, which are traditionally made in small batches by hand. […] Humbugs often feature the old-fashioned peppermint-stripe coloration, dark brown and off-white; are usually oblong or square (about the size of your thumb); […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Jo Cotterill, “White Clover”, in Sweet Hearts (Forget Me Not), London: Red Fox, page 216",
"text": "At half past five in the evening, Anpa sat up in bed and said he'd like a packet of humbugs. Nick and Kate looked at each other and grinned, and Nick immediately picked up his jacket and said he'd go and find some. 'Is he allowed them?' Kate whispered so that Anpa couldn't hear her. / Nick shrugged. 'Can't see how humbugs will do any harm. But I might get soft mints instead so he doesn't choke on them.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of hard sweet (candy), usually peppermint flavoured with a striped pattern."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"sweet",
"sweet"
],
[
"candy",
"candy"
],
[
"peppermint",
"peppermint"
],
[
"flavoured",
"flavoured"
],
[
"striped",
"striped"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, British) A type of hard sweet (candy), usually peppermint flavoured with a striped pattern."
],
"senseid": [
"en:candy"
],
"tags": [
"British",
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English countable nouns",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"Anything complicated, offensive, troublesome, unpleasant or worrying; a misunderstanding, especially if trivial."
],
"links": [
[
"complicated",
"complicated"
],
[
"offensive",
"offensive"
],
[
"troublesome",
"troublesome"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"worrying",
"worrying"
],
[
"misunderstanding",
"misunderstanding"
],
[
"trivial",
"trivial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, countable, slang) Anything complicated, offensive, troublesome, unpleasant or worrying; a misunderstanding, especially if trivial."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English countable nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Ruth Shonle Cavan, editor, Readings in Juvenile Delinquency, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J. B. Lippincott & Co., →OCLC, pages 225–226",
"text": "Yet, for all the ferocity, the fights were short-lived. Every group except the Vice Kings, who had been most threatened, were brought under control fairly quickly and stayed to see the basketball game—only the Vice Kings missed it. Moreover, despite talk of retaliation, the humbug was self-contained; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Thomas Kochman, editor, Rappin’ and Stylin’ Out: Communication in Urban Black America, Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, page 364",
"text": "Vice Lords refer to all kinds of fighting as humbugging. A fight between a boy and his father, a fight between males and females, a fight between rival clubs, or any other kind of fight can be referred to as a humbug. However, Vice Lords further distinguish between kinds of fighting. Gangbanging refers only to fights between enemy clubs. When individuals wish to distinguish between fights involving two individuals and fights involving rival clubs, they refer to the former as humbugs and the latter as gangbangs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, James F. Short, Delinquency and Society (Prentice-Hall Foundations of Modern Sociology Series), Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, pages 197 and 198",
"text": "[page 197] A \"humbug\" (gang fight) that took place at the Chicago Amphitheater involved both threats to the newly acquired adult status of a gang leader (he had just turned 21 years old) and to group identity among rival gangs. […] [page 198] The humbug provided grist for the mill of individual and group status within the status universe of fighting gangs. In the months that followed no more humbugging between any of these gangs took place, however.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, David Dawley, “Whenever It Go Down”, in A Nation of Lords: The Autobiography of the Vice Lords, 2nd edition, Long Grove, Ill.: Waveland Press, page 39",
"text": "Actually we were just looking for something to do because we didn't have any reason to keep out of trouble. All we could do was just drink scrap iron, smoke reefers, and look for a humbug. There was nothing to occupy our minds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fight."
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "African American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, countable, African American Vernacular, slang) A fight."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English countable nouns",
"English dated terms",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A gang."
],
"links": [
[
"gang",
"gang#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "African American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, US, African American Vernacular, slang, dated) A gang."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"dated",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English countable nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Crime"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Joseph Wambaugh, Hollywood Moon: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company",
"text": "\"Let's talk first, Mr. Brown,\" Sergeant Murillo said. \"Do you remember telling these officers you were going to sue them for false arrest?\" / Bootsie Brown paused with the cookie halfway to his lips and said, \"I mighta. It was a humbug arrest. That's why they let me and Axel outta jail in forty-eight hours. We was jist tryin' to have an Irish wake for good old Coleman.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Sparky McLaughlin, “‘Et Tu (Fill in Name Here) …’”, in Damned from Memory, Swedesboro, N.J.: Damned from Memory LLC, BookBaby",
"text": "I pulled the initial investigation report. I see who arrested him and I knew it was a humbug. A humbug is a bullshit arrest. No Police Officer likes to believe they exist; however sometimes it was a fact of life.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A false arrest on trumped-up charges."
],
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"arrest",
"arrest"
],
[
"trumped-up",
"trumped-up"
],
[
"charges",
"charge#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, US, crime, slang) A false arrest on trumped-up charges."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018 November 24, The Times, London, page 3",
"text": "Many have been cross-bred with commercial breeds such as Tamworths, producing a \"superbreed\" of fertile boar, which were \"more robust\", and could produce five or six young. known as humbugs, per litter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The piglet of the wild boar."
],
"qualifier": "perhaps by extension",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang, perhaps by extension) The piglet of the wild boar."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌmbʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhəmˌbəɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-humbug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/En-au-humbug.ogg/En-au-humbug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/En-au-humbug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šega",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шега"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "mistifiko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "humpuuki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "pila"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "kuje"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Scherz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schabernack"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ulkerei"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"word": "hamupaka"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glumă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păcăleală"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvodka",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "разводка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "farsa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disparate"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tontería"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bobería"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spratt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hoax, prank or jest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skämt"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestruvka",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преструвка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "измама"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "trompo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "fraŭdo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "humpuuki"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "humbug"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "átverés"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imbroglio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fraudă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impostură"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "înșelătorie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naduvatelʹstvo",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "надувательство"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"word": "fraude"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trampa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "embrollo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fraud or sham",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "humbug"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmamnik",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "измамник"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šarlatanin",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шарлатанин"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "trompisto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "fripono"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "huijari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "sutki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "humpuukimaakari"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gauner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halunke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schaumschläger"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "hamupaka"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "impostor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escroc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kidala",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кидала"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "tramposo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"word": "embaucador"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "humbug"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fraudster or cheat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bedragare"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "humpuuki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "hölynpöly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "pöty"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nonsens"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dummes Zeug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fauler Zauber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Humbug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nonsense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blanker Unsinn"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "nonsense",
"word": "rūpahu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard, sweet candy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hartbonbon"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard, sweet candy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hartkaramelle"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"John Camden Hotten",
"Oxford English Dictionary",
"Piccadilly"
],
"word": "humbug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bah humbug"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hummer",
"3": "",
"4": "(slang) An obvious lie"
},
"expansion": "hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hum",
"3": "",
"4": "(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on"
},
"expansion": "hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bug",
"3": "",
"4": "a goblin, a spectre"
},
"expansion": "bug (“a goblin, a spectre”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Hamburg"
},
"expansion": "Hamburg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ambage"
},
"expansion": "ambage",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) states that “the facts as to its origin appear to have been lost, even before the word became common enough to excite attention”. It has been suggested that the word possibly derives from hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”), or from hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”) + bug (“a goblin, a spectre”). In his Slang Dictionary (1864), English bibliophile and publisher John Camden Hotten (1832–1873) suggested a link to the name of the German city of Hamburg, “from which town so many false bulletins and reports came during the war in the last century”, or alternatively a derivation from ambage.\nHotten also said he had traced the earliest occurrence of the word to the title page of Ferdinando Killigrew’s book The Universal Jester (see quotations), which he dated to about 1735–1740. This dating has therefore been adopted by other dictionaries. However, the OED dates the word to about 1750, as the earliest edition of Killigrew’s work has been dated to 1754.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "humbug",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hum‧bug"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1841 October, “Ambition. A Farce.”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, volume L, number CCCXII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, →OCLC, page 438",
"text": "[Mr. Clarendon] Steady. Aristotle laughs at you. / [Mr. Algernon Sidney] Twist. He's an impertinent fellow! I say again—Liberty! freedom! glory! / Steady. Humbug! humbug! humbug!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1910, Guy de Maupassant, “Magnetism”, in Ball-of-Tallow and Short Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Pearson Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 302",
"text": "Then each mentioned some fact, some fantastic presentiment, some instance of souls communicating with each other across space, or some case of the secret influence of one being over another. They asserted and maintained that these things had actually occurred, while the sceptic angrily repeated: / \"Humbug! humbug! humbug!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Balderdash!, nonsense!, rubbish!"
],
"links": [
[
"Balderdash",
"balderdash"
],
[
"nonsense",
"nonsense"
],
[
"rubbish",
"rubbish#Interjection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Balderdash!, nonsense!, rubbish!"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌmbʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhəmˌbəɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-humbug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/En-au-humbug.ogg/En-au-humbug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/En-au-humbug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"John Camden Hotten",
"Oxford English Dictionary",
"Piccadilly"
],
"word": "humbug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "humbugger"
},
{
"word": "humbuggery"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "humbugging"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hummer",
"3": "",
"4": "(slang) An obvious lie"
},
"expansion": "hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hum",
"3": "",
"4": "(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on"
},
"expansion": "hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
"expansion": "bug (“a goblin, a spectre”)",
"name": "m"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "Hamburg"
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{
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"1": "en",
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) states that “the facts as to its origin appear to have been lost, even before the word became common enough to excite attention”. It has been suggested that the word possibly derives from hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”), or from hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”) + bug (“a goblin, a spectre”). In his Slang Dictionary (1864), English bibliophile and publisher John Camden Hotten (1832–1873) suggested a link to the name of the German city of Hamburg, “from which town so many false bulletins and reports came during the war in the last century”, or alternatively a derivation from ambage.\nHotten also said he had traced the earliest occurrence of the word to the title page of Ferdinando Killigrew’s book The Universal Jester (see quotations), which he dated to about 1735–1740. This dating has therefore been adopted by other dictionaries. However, the OED dates the word to about 1750, as the earliest edition of Killigrew’s work has been dated to 1754.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "humbugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "humbugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "humbugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "humbugged",
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}
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"head_templates": [
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],
"hyphenation": [
"hum‧bug"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1796, “The Nine Days Wonder! or the Humbug of Butcher Row. Sung by Mr. Dighton.”, in Songs, &c. in The Spirit of the Grotto. Or an Hour at Weybridge. A Musical Spectacle, as Performed at Sadler's Wells, [London?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 12",
"text": "Here's a Humbugger come, / Will prove the reſt nothing at all, / 'Tis a Jobber, a Factor, / A damn'd Corn Contractor, / Who makes all our Loaves be ſo ſmall; […] And may all ſuch elves, / Be thus Humbugg'd themſelves, / Who thus are Humbugging the poor: / And as ſure as the Bone makes the Cleaver to ſound, / Humbugging, Humbugging goes all the world round.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1810, Henry Brooke, “Epilogue on Humbugging”, in Samuel Johnson and Alexander Chalmers, The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper; including the Series Edited, with Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, by Dr. Samuel Johnson: And the Most Approved Translations. The Additional Lives by Alexander Chalmers, F.S.A. In Twenty-one Volumes, volume XVII (Glover, Whitehead, Jago, Brooke, Scott, Mickle, Jenyns), London: Printed for J[ames] Johnson; [et al.], OCLC 460902446, page 428",
"text": "Of all trades and arts in repute or possession, / Humbugging is held the most ancient profession. / Twixt nations, and parties, and state politicians, / Prim shopkeepers, jobbers, smooth lawyers, physicians, / Of worth and of wisdom the trial and test / Is—mark ye, my friends!—who shall humbug the best."
},
{
"ref": "1873 May 1, John F. French, “Farming—Present and Prospective”, in James O. Adams, New Hampshire Agriculture. Third Annual Report of the Board of Agriculture to His Excellency the Governor, Nashua, N.H.: Orren C. Moore, state printer, OCLC 659327991, pages 204–205",
"text": "Then again farmers are shamefully, lamentably, sometimes almost ruinously humbugged. All classes it is true are humbugged to a certain extent, but farmers in my view suffer themselves to be fooled and swindled in this respect to a greater degree than any other class in the community. They are humbugged in seeds, humbugged in manures, humbugged in agricultural implements, humbugged by agents, humbugged by patent peddlers, humbugged by store-keepers, humbugged by politicians, humbugged by corporations, till finally, some of them are in danger of becoming little less than humbugs themselves."
},
{
"ref": "1902, Charles Austin Bates, The Art and Literature of Business, New York, N.Y.: Bates Pub. Co., →OCLC, page 165",
"text": "A theatrical man or showman has to humbug people. If he doesn't humbug them, they are humbugged.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Bronwyn Naylor, Heron Loban, “ACCC v Keshow [2005] FCA 558; Unconscionability, Education and Indigenous Women; Judgment”, in Heather Douglas, Francesca Bartlett, Trish Luker, Rosemary Hunter, editors, Australian Feminist Judgments: Righting and Rewriting Law, Oxford, Portland, Or.: Hart Publishing, page 186",
"text": "Humbugging is an unflattering term that relates to demanding or pressuring behaviour mainly in relation to money. […] Muriel Palmer said the respondent was humbugging her. Rosina Dickson said the respondent came up to her and asked her if she had any children and was \"sort of\" humbugging her.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To play a trick on someone, to cheat, to swindle, to deceive."
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick#Noun"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Verb"
],
[
"swindle",
"swindle#Verb"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) To play a trick on someone, to cheat, to swindle, to deceive."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"To fight; to act tough."
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"act",
"act#Verb"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"qualifier": "African American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, African American Vernacular, slang) To fight; to act tough."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To waste time talking."
],
"links": [
[
"waste",
"waste#Verb"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"talking",
"talk#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) To waste time talking."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌmbʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhəmˌbəɡ/",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/En-au-humbug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat, swindle, deceive",
"word": "täuschen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat, swindle, deceive",
"word": "hereinlegen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat, swindle, deceive",
"word": "schwindeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat, swindle, deceive",
"word": "betrügen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"John Camden Hotten",
"Oxford English Dictionary",
"Piccadilly"
],
"word": "humbug"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.