See hardship in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hardship meaning in English (18.2kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "softship"
},
{
"word": "enthusiasm"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hardship post"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardshipe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardshipe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard",
"3": "ship"
},
"expansion": "hard + -ship",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardshipe, equivalent to hard + -ship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardships",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hardship (countable and uncountable, plural hardships)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hard‧ship"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ship",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He has survived periods of financial hardship before.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1962 December, “Dr. Beeching previews the plan for British Railways”, in Modern Railways, page 377",
"text": "If train services of this kind were to be cut off, without any provision of alternative services, there would, of course, be hardship in some cases.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020 May 20, Philip Haigh, “Ribblehead: at the heart of the S&C's survival and its revival”, in Rail, page 26",
"text": "The TUCC's role was to assess what (if any) hardship a BR closure proposal would cause, and to make recommendations to ministers who would have the final say.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Difficulty or trouble; hard times."
],
"id": "en-hardship-en-noun-ovcyLPeP",
"links": [
[
"Difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"times",
"times"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašaqqa",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَقَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šidda",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شِدَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cjážkascʹ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ця́жкасць"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njahódy",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "няго́ды"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trudnost",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "трудност"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrudnenie",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затруднение"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "čežkosc",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "чежкосц"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dificultats"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "困難"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kùnnan",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "困难"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "těžkost"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obtíž"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "svízel"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ellende"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trupulleiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viðurmøði"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trongd"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roynsla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "vaikeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "vastoinkäyminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "vaiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "difficultés"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "misère"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épreuve"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "traballos"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dificultade"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sirtuleebi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "სირთულეები"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Härte"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Not"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Entbehrung"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mühsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Elend"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beschwernis"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mókhthos",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μόχθος"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kaṣṭ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कष्ट"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "maśakkat",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मशक्कत"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sakhtī",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सख्ती"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "þrengingar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "privaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "sufro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "rigat"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ga",
"english": "due to severe weather",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anró"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "avversità"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "difficoltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stento"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "sufferation"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "くなん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kunan",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "くるしみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurushimi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "苦しみ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "なんぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nangi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "難儀"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eoryeoum",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "어려움"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "erk",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "ئەرک"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aerumna"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difficultās"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "uauatanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "whakapāwera"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "hālapeṣṭā",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "हालअपेष्टा"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "anoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "noy"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gačigdal",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "гачигдал"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zovlon züdüür",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "зовлон зүдүүр"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motgang"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lidelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "earfeþe"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gmq-osw",
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motganger"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gmq-osw",
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moteganger"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gmq-osw",
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vidhermødha"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mašaqqat",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "مشقت"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "saxti",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "سختی"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stent"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwierichkjeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trudność"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dificuldade"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "greutate"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dificultate"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adversitate"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnostʹ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тру́дность"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjágoty",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тя́готы"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatrudnénije",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затрудне́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nevzgódy",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "невзго́ды"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "èiginn"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "težava"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiska"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "sufrimientos"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "apuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "penalidades"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "hebi"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "pina"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"english": "financial hardship and the like",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svårighet"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"english": "tribulation",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vedermöda"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"english": "setback",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "motgång"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "ibbandi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "ఇబ్బంది"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kaṣṭaṁ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "కష్టం"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "iḍumu",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "ఇడుము"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "zorluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "trúdnistʹ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тру́дність"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "trúdnošči",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тру́днощі"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tjáhoty",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тя́готи"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "When you visit the museum, we invite you to make a donation of $10 if this will not be a hardship.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A burden, a source of difficulty that could impose a barrier."
],
"id": "en-hardship-en-noun-8~trM-He",
"links": [
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hardship.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "hardship"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardshipe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardshipe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard",
"3": "ship"
},
"expansion": "hard + -ship",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardshipe, equivalent to hard + -ship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardships",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardshipping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hardshipped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hardshipped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "hardship (third-person singular simple present hardships, present participle hardshipping, simple past and past participle hardshipped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hard‧ship"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Tract Series, numbers 96-129, page 529",
"text": "[…] an adjustment of the income tax could easily produce the twenty millions without hardshipping any industrious person in the community […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Reading Reform Foundation, The Annual Reading Reform Foundation Conference, page 47",
"text": "Although we lost the election by the narrowest of margins, the people of Oregon heard a great deal about education, and particularly about how \"look-say\" reading instruction was hardshipping Oregon school children.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat (a person) badly; to subject to hardships."
],
"id": "en-hardship-en-verb-d~ihugy3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat (a person) badly; to subject to hardships."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hardship.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "hardship"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "softship"
},
{
"word": "enthusiasm"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ship",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hardship post"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardshipe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardshipe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard",
"3": "ship"
},
"expansion": "hard + -ship",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardshipe, equivalent to hard + -ship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardships",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hardship (countable and uncountable, plural hardships)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hard‧ship"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He has survived periods of financial hardship before.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1962 December, “Dr. Beeching previews the plan for British Railways”, in Modern Railways, page 377",
"text": "If train services of this kind were to be cut off, without any provision of alternative services, there would, of course, be hardship in some cases.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020 May 20, Philip Haigh, “Ribblehead: at the heart of the S&C's survival and its revival”, in Rail, page 26",
"text": "The TUCC's role was to assess what (if any) hardship a BR closure proposal would cause, and to make recommendations to ministers who would have the final say.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Difficulty or trouble; hard times."
],
"links": [
[
"Difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"times",
"times"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "When you visit the museum, we invite you to make a donation of $10 if this will not be a hardship.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A burden, a source of difficulty that could impose a barrier."
],
"links": [
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hardship.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašaqqa",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَقَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šidda",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شِدَّة"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cjážkascʹ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ця́жкасць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njahódy",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "няго́ды"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trudnost",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "трудност"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrudnenie",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затруднение"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "čežkosc",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "чежкосц"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dificultats"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "困難"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kùnnan",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "困难"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "těžkost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obtíž"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "svízel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ellende"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trupulleiki"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viðurmøði"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trongd"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roynsla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "vaikeus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "vastoinkäyminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "vaiva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "difficultés"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "misère"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épreuve"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "traballos"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dificultade"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apuro"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sirtuleebi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "სირთულეები"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Härte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Not"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Entbehrung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mühsal"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Elend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beschwernis"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mókhthos",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μόχθος"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kaṣṭ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कष्ट"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "maśakkat",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मशक्कत"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sakhtī",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सख्ती"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "þrengingar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "privaco"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "sufro"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "rigat"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"english": "due to severe weather",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anró"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "avversità"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "difficoltà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stento"
},
{
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "sufferation"
},
{
"alt": "くなん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kunan",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"alt": "くるしみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurushimi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "苦しみ"
},
{
"alt": "なんぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nangi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "難儀"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eoryeoum",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "어려움"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "erk",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "ئەرک"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aerumna"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difficultās"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "uauatanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "whakapāwera"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "hālapeṣṭā",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "हालअपेष्टा"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "anoy"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "noy"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gačigdal",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "гачигдал"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zovlon züdüür",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "зовлон зүдүүр"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motgang"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lidelse"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "earfeþe"
},
{
"code": "gmq-osw",
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motganger"
},
{
"code": "gmq-osw",
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moteganger"
},
{
"code": "gmq-osw",
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vidhermødha"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mašaqqat",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "مشقت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "saxti",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "سختی"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stent"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwierichkjeit"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trudność"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dificuldade"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apuro"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "greutate"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dificultate"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adversitate"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnostʹ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тру́дность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjágoty",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тя́готы"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatrudnénije",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затрудне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nevzgódy",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "невзго́ды"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "èiginn"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "težava"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stiska"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "sufrimientos"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "apuro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "penalidades"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "hebi"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "pina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "financial hardship and the like",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svårighet"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "tribulation",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vedermöda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "setback",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "motgång"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "ibbandi",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "ఇబ్బంది"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kaṣṭaṁ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "కష్టం"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "iḍumu",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "ఇడుము"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"word": "zorluk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "trúdnistʹ",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тру́дність"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "trúdnošči",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тру́днощі"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tjáhoty",
"sense": "difficulty or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тя́готи"
}
],
"word": "hardship"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ship",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardshipe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardshipe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard",
"3": "ship"
},
"expansion": "hard + -ship",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardshipe, equivalent to hard + -ship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardships",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardshipping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hardshipped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hardshipped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "hardship (third-person singular simple present hardships, present participle hardshipping, simple past and past participle hardshipped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hard‧ship"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Tract Series, numbers 96-129, page 529",
"text": "[…] an adjustment of the income tax could easily produce the twenty millions without hardshipping any industrious person in the community […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Reading Reform Foundation, The Annual Reading Reform Foundation Conference, page 47",
"text": "Although we lost the election by the narrowest of margins, the people of Oregon heard a great deal about education, and particularly about how \"look-say\" reading instruction was hardshipping Oregon school children.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat (a person) badly; to subject to hardships."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat (a person) badly; to subject to hardships."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hardship.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hardship.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "hardship"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.