See guru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for guru meaning in English (23.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antiguru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurudom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruji"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurulike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tech guru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "गुरु"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गुरु (guru)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pa",
"3": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "गुरु",
"4": "",
"5": "venerable, respectable"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grieve"
},
"expansion": "grieve",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brute"
},
"expansion": "brute",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of grave",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi गुरु (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally \"heavy\" and in this sense cognate to English grieve and, more distantly, brute. Doublet of grave. A traditional, though flawed etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as “darkness” and ru as “destroyer”, thus ascribing the meaning of “one who destroys/dispels darkness” to the word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gurus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "guru"
},
"expansion": "guru (plural gurus or guru)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "adi-guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Bhaiṣajyaguru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurdwara"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Gurmukhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Guru Granth Sahib"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurukul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "satguru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Waheguru"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 28 5 29 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 27 4 32 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 29 3 19 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hinduism",
"orig": "en:Hinduism",
"parents": [
"India",
"Religion",
"Asia",
"Culture",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 29 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, volume II",
"text": "When the gooroo arrives at the house of a disciple, the whole family prostrate themselves at his feet, and the spiritual guide puts his right foot on the heads of the prostrate family.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1939, Verrier Elwin, “The Magician and His Control of the Natural World”, in The Baiga, London: John Murray, […], section II (The Magician’s Heritage), page 342",
"text": "The Baiga magicians derive from the old guru who succeeded Nanga Baiga. There is very great confusion about the original guru, and how he was actually related to Nanga Baiga, but there is general agreement that there were originally four great Baiga guru—Daugun, Nindhan, Danantar and Madhakawar, all four brothers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Norman Jacobs, “The Classical Indian Society”, in Patrimonial Interpretation of Indian Society: Contemporary Structure and Historical Foundations, Delhi: Chanakya Publications, page 66",
"text": "These guru, third, were responsible for insuring that the populace would not be tempted to support heterodox world renouncers and their counter-patrimonial ideas. In contrast to the pre-classical Brahmin scholars, who serviced only their own and certain ruler and elite religion-social interests, the guru were the patronal guides of the masses, offering prebendal control of the deities through charismatic but morally expounded magic and psychological compensation as personal confessors, in return for popular willingness to conform to the dharmic rules, as interpreted by guru to be sure.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Simon Rae, “Kiniteken Si Pemena: The Original Belief”, in Breath Becomes the Wind: Old and New in Karo Religion, Dunedin: University of Otago Press, part I (The Karo World), page 19",
"text": "Many of the deities and beliefs recorded by the guru are in fact unknown to the common people, and some represent the esoteric knowledge of only a few guru.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Indian traditions: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya."
],
"id": "en-guru-en-noun-naY~7tmi",
"links": [
[
"Indian",
"Indian#Adjective"
],
[
"shishya",
"shishya#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ghoeroe"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʕallim rūḥiyy",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُعَلِّم رُوحِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "جُورُو"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غُورُو"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "գուրու"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুৰু"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুরু"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "gu.ru.",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ဂုရု"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "古魯"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔlǔ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "古鲁"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "導師"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "导师"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guruo"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "გურუ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkouroú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ગુરુ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "muallim",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "मुअल्लिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "viśārad",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "विशारद"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "グル"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōso",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "教祖"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ಗುರು"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kĕəʼruʼ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គរុ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គ្រូ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jidoja",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "지도자"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "구루"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khu ru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄຸຣຸ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄູ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurus"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gürü",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "гүрү"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ଗୁରୁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "pi",
"lang": "Pali",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "گورو"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "duxóvnyj učítelʹ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "духо́вный учи́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurú"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "குரு"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "guruvu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "గురువు"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "viśāraduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "విశారదుడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kōviduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "కోవిదుడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kú-rú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "คุรุ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ครู"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 39 6 3",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "گرو"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 5 29 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 27 4 32 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 29 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any general teacher (as a term of respect)."
],
"id": "en-guru-en-noun-3l~ngT9o",
"links": [
[
"teacher",
"teacher"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India) Any general teacher (as a term of respect)."
],
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 31 29 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004 October 18, “Vintage technology”, in Time",
"text": "Many oenophiles rely on the ratings and recommendations of wine guru Robert Parker when selecting the perfect bottle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An influential advisor or mentor."
],
"id": "en-guru-en-noun-w05nBXBX",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"advisor",
"advisor"
],
[
"mentor",
"mentor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes humorous) An influential advisor or mentor."
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"sometimes"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "導師"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "导师"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
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"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
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"sense": "advisor or mentor",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "hi",
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{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "advisor or mentor",
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{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
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"roman": "guru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
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"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
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{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
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"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
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{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
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},
{
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"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наста́вник"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "učítelʹ",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
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"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
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"masculine"
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"word": "gurú"
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{
"_dis1": "5 6 87 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guro"
}
]
},
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},
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{
"ref": "2012, John D. Rooke (Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta), “Meads v. Meads, 2012 ABQB 571”, in CanLII",
"text": "OPCA gurus are modern legal alchemists. They promise gold, but their methods are principally intended to impress the gullible, or those who wish to use this drivel to abuse the court system. Any lack of legal success by the OPCA litigant is, of course, portrayed as a consequence of the customer’s failure to properly understand and apply the guru's special knowledge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fraudster or conman relying on a projected air of confidence in an obscure field."
],
"id": "en-guru-en-noun-OWAHxPzp",
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[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"fraudster",
"fraudster"
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[
"conman",
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],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuːɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡʊˈɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡəˈɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊɹuː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːɹuː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-guru.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-guru.ogg/En-us-guru.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-guru.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mid-Atlantic"
],
"text": "Audio (Mid-Atlantic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "goru [17th–19th c.]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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"archaic"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"UK"
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/",
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"US"
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
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{
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"tags": [
"US"
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊɹuː"
},
{
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{
"rhymes": "-uː"
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
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"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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"tags": [
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{
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"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Rhymes:English/uː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/uːɹuː",
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"Rhymes:English/ʊɹuː",
"Rhymes:English/ʊɹuː/2 syllables",
"en:Hinduism",
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"word": "antiguru"
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{
"word": "gurudom"
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{
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{
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{
"word": "guruji"
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{
"word": "gurulike"
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{
"word": "guruship"
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{
"word": "tech guru"
}
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{
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],
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},
{
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}
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"word": "adi-guru"
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{
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{
"word": "gurdwara"
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{
"word": "Gurmukhi"
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{
"word": "Guru Granth Sahib"
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{
"word": "gurukul"
},
{
"word": "satguru"
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{
"word": "Waheguru"
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{
"ref": "1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, volume II",
"text": "When the gooroo arrives at the house of a disciple, the whole family prostrate themselves at his feet, and the spiritual guide puts his right foot on the heads of the prostrate family.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1939, Verrier Elwin, “The Magician and His Control of the Natural World”, in The Baiga, London: John Murray, […], section II (The Magician’s Heritage), page 342",
"text": "The Baiga magicians derive from the old guru who succeeded Nanga Baiga. There is very great confusion about the original guru, and how he was actually related to Nanga Baiga, but there is general agreement that there were originally four great Baiga guru—Daugun, Nindhan, Danantar and Madhakawar, all four brothers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Norman Jacobs, “The Classical Indian Society”, in Patrimonial Interpretation of Indian Society: Contemporary Structure and Historical Foundations, Delhi: Chanakya Publications, page 66",
"text": "These guru, third, were responsible for insuring that the populace would not be tempted to support heterodox world renouncers and their counter-patrimonial ideas. In contrast to the pre-classical Brahmin scholars, who serviced only their own and certain ruler and elite religion-social interests, the guru were the patronal guides of the masses, offering prebendal control of the deities through charismatic but morally expounded magic and psychological compensation as personal confessors, in return for popular willingness to conform to the dharmic rules, as interpreted by guru to be sure.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Simon Rae, “Kiniteken Si Pemena: The Original Belief”, in Breath Becomes the Wind: Old and New in Karo Religion, Dunedin: University of Otago Press, part I (The Karo World), page 19",
"text": "Many of the deities and beliefs recorded by the guru are in fact unknown to the common people, and some represent the esoteric knowledge of only a few guru.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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[
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"Indian#Adjective"
],
[
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"shishya#Noun"
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]
},
{
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"Indian English"
],
"glosses": [
"Any general teacher (as a term of respect)."
],
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[
"teacher",
"teacher"
]
],
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"(India) Any general teacher (as a term of respect)."
],
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations"
],
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{
"ref": "2004 October 18, “Vintage technology”, in Time",
"text": "Many oenophiles rely on the ratings and recommendations of wine guru Robert Parker when selecting the perfect bottle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"ref": "2012, John D. Rooke (Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta), “Meads v. Meads, 2012 ABQB 571”, in CanLII",
"text": "OPCA gurus are modern legal alchemists. They promise gold, but their methods are principally intended to impress the gullible, or those who wish to use this drivel to abuse the court system. Any lack of legal success by the OPCA litigant is, of course, portrayed as a consequence of the customer’s failure to properly understand and apply the guru's special knowledge.",
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}
],
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],
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],
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]
}
],
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"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡʊˈɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡəˈɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊɹuː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːɹuː"
},
{
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},
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Mid-Atlantic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goru [17th–19th c.]"
},
{
"word": "gooroo [19th c.]"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "guroo"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ghoeroe"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʕallim rūḥiyy",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُعَلِّم رُوحِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "جُورُو"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غُورُو"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "գուրու"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুৰু"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুরু"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "gu.ru.",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ဂုရု"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "古魯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔlǔ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "古鲁"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "導師"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "导师"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guruo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "გურუ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Guru"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkouroú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ગુરુ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "muallim",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "मुअल्लिम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "viśārad",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "विशारद"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "グル"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōso",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "教祖"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ಗುರು"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kĕəʼruʼ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គរុ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គ្រូ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jidoja",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "지도자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "구루"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khu ru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄຸຣຸ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄູ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gürü",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "гүрү"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ଗୁରୁ"
},
{
"code": "pi",
"lang": "Pali",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "گورو"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "duxóvnyj učítelʹ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "духо́вный учи́тель"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurú"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "குரு"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "guruvu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "గురువు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "viśāraduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "విశారదుడు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kōviduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "కోవిదుడు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kú-rú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "คุรุ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ครู"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "گرو"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "導師"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "导师"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Guru"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkouroú",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nastávnik",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наста́вник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "učítelʹ",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "учи́тель"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurú"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guro"
}
],
"word": "guru"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Punjabi",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/uːɹuː",
"Rhymes:English/uːɹuː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʊɹuː",
"Rhymes:English/ʊɹuː/2 syllables",
"en:Hinduism",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "गुरु"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गुरु (guru)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pa",
"3": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "गुरु",
"4": "",
"5": "venerable, respectable"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grieve"
},
"expansion": "grieve",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brute"
},
"expansion": "brute",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of grave",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi गुरु (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally \"heavy\" and in this sense cognate to English grieve and, more distantly, brute. Doublet of grave. A traditional, though flawed etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as “darkness” and ru as “destroyer”, thus ascribing the meaning of “one who destroys/dispels darkness” to the word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gurus",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "guruing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gurued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gurued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "guru (third-person singular simple present gurus, present participle guruing, simple past and past participle gurued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To act as a guru; to give wise advice"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuːɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡʊˈɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡəˈɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊɹuː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːɹuː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-guru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-guru.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-guru.ogg/En-us-guru.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-guru.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mid-Atlantic"
],
"text": "Audio (Mid-Atlantic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goru [17th–19th c.]"
},
{
"word": "gooroo [19th c.]"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "guroo"
}
],
"word": "guru"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.