See guru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antiguru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurudom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruji"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurulike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guruship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tech guru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "गुरु"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गुरु (guru)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pa",
"3": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "गुरु",
"4": "",
"5": "venerable, respectable"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of grave",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi गुरु (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally \"heavy\" and in this sense cognate to English grieve and, more distantly, brute. Doublet of grave. A traditional, though flawed etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as “darkness” and ru as “destroyer”, thus ascribing the meaning of “one who destroys/dispels darkness” to the word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gurus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "guru"
},
"expansion": "guru (plural gurus or guru)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "adi-guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Bhaiṣajyaguru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurdwara"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Gurmukhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Guru Granth Sahib"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gurukul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "satguru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Waheguru"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 32 10 29 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 31 15 26 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 30 6 37 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 28 8 34 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 28 14 24 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 30 11 31 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kannada translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 13 28 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 30 6 33 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 29 13 29 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Nepali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 30 6 36 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Odia translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 31 14 26 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 28 12 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 14 26 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 14 27 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 31 13 28 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 21 3 39 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hinduism",
"orig": "en:Hinduism",
"parents": [
"India",
"Religion",
"Asia",
"Culture",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 29 8 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, volume II:",
"text": "When the gooroo arrives at the house of a disciple, the whole family prostrate themselves at his feet, and the spiritual guide puts his right foot on the heads of the prostrate family.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1939, Verrier Elwin, “The Magician and His Control of the Natural World”, in The Baiga, London: John Murray, […], section II (The Magician’s Heritage), page 342:",
"text": "The Baiga magicians derive from the old guru who succeeded Nanga Baiga. There is very great confusion about the original guru, and how he was actually related to Nanga Baiga, but there is general agreement that there were originally four great Baiga guru—Daugun, Nindhan, Danantar and Madhakawar, all four brothers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Norman Jacobs, “The Classical Indian Society”, in Patrimonial Interpretation of Indian Society: Contemporary Structure and Historical Foundations, Delhi: Chanakya Publications, →ISBN, page 66:",
"text": "These guru, third, were responsible for insuring that the populace would not be tempted to support heterodox world renouncers and their counter-patrimonial ideas. In contrast to the pre-classical Brahmin scholars, who serviced only their own and certain ruler and elite religion-social interests, the guru were the patronal guides of the masses, offering prebendal control of the deities through charismatic but morally expounded magic and psychological compensation as personal confessors, in return for popular willingness to conform to the dharmic rules, as interpreted by guru to be sure.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Simon Rae, “Kiniteken Si Pemena: The Original Belief”, in Breath Becomes the Wind: Old and New in Karo Religion, Dunedin: University of Otago Press, →ISBN, part I (The Karo World), page 19:",
"text": "Many of the deities and beliefs recorded by the guru are in fact unknown to the common people, and some represent the esoteric knowledge of only a few guru.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010 May 10, “Madonna is my guru”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-24:",
"text": "Traditionally, a guru is a spiritual teacher who guides a student on the road to Enlightenment, or finding God.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Indian traditions: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya."
],
"id": "en-guru-en-noun-naY~7tmi",
"links": [
[
"Indian",
"Indian#Adjective"
],
[
"shishya",
"shishya#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ghoeroe"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʕallim rūḥiyy",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُعَلِّم رُوحِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "جُورُو"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غُورُو"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "գուրու"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুৰু"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুরু"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "gu.ru.",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ဂုရု"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔlǔ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "古魯 /古鲁"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "導師 /导师"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guruo"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "გურუ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkouroú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ગુરુ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "muallim",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "मुअल्लिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "viśārad",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "विशारद"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "グル"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōso",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "教祖"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ಗುರು"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kĕəʼruʼ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គរុ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គ្រូ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jidoja",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "지도자"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "구루"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khu ru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄຸຣຸ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄູ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurus"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gürü",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "гүрү"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ଗୁରୁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "pi",
"lang": "Pali",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "گورو"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "duxóvnyj učítelʹ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "духо́вный учи́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurú"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "குரு"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "guruvu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "గురువు"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "viśāraduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "విశారదుడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kōviduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "కోవిదుడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kú-rú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "คุรุ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ครู"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 39 6 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "گرو"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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{
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"teacher"
]
],
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]
},
{
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"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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],
[
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"advisor"
],
[
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"mentor"
]
],
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],
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"sometimes"
],
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{
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"code": "bn",
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"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
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"sense": "advisor or mentor",
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],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "導師 /导师"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkouroú",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "hi",
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"roman": "guru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
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"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nastávnik",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наста́вник"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "učítelʹ",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "учи́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurú"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 86 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guro"
}
]
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 18 9 42 14",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 20 9 40 12",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 17 8 37 22",
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{
"_dis": "17 28 8 34 13",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 28 14 24 16",
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{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
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{
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{
"_dis": "17 30 11 31 11",
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},
{
"_dis": "19 30 13 28 11",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 21 7 42 11",
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"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
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{
"_dis": "19 30 15 26 10",
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"_dis": "18 28 12 29 13",
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{
"_dis": "18 29 14 26 13",
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{
"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
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{
"_dis": "18 21 7 42 11",
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{
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"_dis": "18 29 12 30 11",
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "33 21 3 39 4",
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"Culture",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
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}
],
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"ref": "2012, John D. Rooke (Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta), “Meads v. Meads, 2012 ABQB 571”, in CanLII:",
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{
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{
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{
"word": "tech guru"
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"ref": "1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, volume II:",
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{
"ref": "1939, Verrier Elwin, “The Magician and His Control of the Natural World”, in The Baiga, London: John Murray, […], section II (The Magician’s Heritage), page 342:",
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"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "1989, Norman Jacobs, “The Classical Indian Society”, in Patrimonial Interpretation of Indian Society: Contemporary Structure and Historical Foundations, Delhi: Chanakya Publications, →ISBN, page 66:",
"text": "These guru, third, were responsible for insuring that the populace would not be tempted to support heterodox world renouncers and their counter-patrimonial ideas. In contrast to the pre-classical Brahmin scholars, who serviced only their own and certain ruler and elite religion-social interests, the guru were the patronal guides of the masses, offering prebendal control of the deities through charismatic but morally expounded magic and psychological compensation as personal confessors, in return for popular willingness to conform to the dharmic rules, as interpreted by guru to be sure.",
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"text": "Many of the deities and beliefs recorded by the guru are in fact unknown to the common people, and some represent the esoteric knowledge of only a few guru.",
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"ref": "2010 May 10, “Madonna is my guru”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-24:",
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{
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{
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"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ghoeroe"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʕallim rūḥiyy",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "مُعَلِّم رُوحِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "جُورُو"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡūrū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غُورُو"
},
{
"code": "hy",
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"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "գուրու"
},
{
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"lang": "Assamese",
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"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুৰু"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "গুরু"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "gu.ru.",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ဂုရု"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔlǔ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "古魯 /古鲁"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "導師 /导师"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guruo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "გურუ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Guru"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkouroú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ગુરુ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "muallim",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "मुअल्लिम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "viśārad",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "विशारद"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "グル"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōso",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "教祖"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ಗುರು"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kĕəʼruʼ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គរុ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "គ្រូ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jidoja",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "지도자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "구루"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khu ru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄຸຣຸ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ຄູ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gürü",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "гүрү"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ଗୁରୁ"
},
{
"code": "pi",
"lang": "Pali",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "گورو"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "duxóvnyj učítelʹ",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "духо́вный учи́тель"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurú"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "குரு"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "guruvu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "గురువు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "viśāraduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "విశారదుడు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kōviduḍu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "కోవిదుడు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kú-rú",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "คุรุ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kruu",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"word": "ครู"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "spiritual teacher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "گرو"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "murśid",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "মুর্শিদ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎoshī",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "導師 /导师"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goeroe"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gourou"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Guru"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkouroú",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουρού"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरु"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gúru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу́ру"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "guru",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "ഗുരു"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nastávnik",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наста́вник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "učítelʹ",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "учи́тель"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gurū",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुरू"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guru"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gurú"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "advisor or mentor",
"word": "guro"
}
],
"word": "guru"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Punjabi",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/uːɹuː",
"Rhymes:English/uːɹuː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʊɹuː",
"Rhymes:English/ʊɹuː/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gujarati translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Odia translations",
"Terms with Pali translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"en:Hinduism",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "गुरु"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गुरु (guru)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pa",
"3": "ਗੁਰੂ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "गुरु",
"4": "",
"5": "venerable, respectable"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of grave",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi गुरु (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally \"heavy\" and in this sense cognate to English grieve and, more distantly, brute. Doublet of grave. A traditional, though flawed etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as “darkness” and ru as “destroyer”, thus ascribing the meaning of “one who destroys/dispels darkness” to the word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gurus",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "guruing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gurued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gurued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "guru (third-person singular simple present gurus, present participle guruing, simple past and past participle gurued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To act as a guru; to give wise advice"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuːɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡʊˈɹuː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-guru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guru.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡəˈɹu/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-guru.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-us-guru.ogg/En-us-guru.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/En-us-guru.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊɹuː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːɹuː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goru [17th–19th c.]"
},
{
"word": "gooroo [19th c.]"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "guroo"
}
],
"word": "guru"
}
Download raw JSONL data for guru meaning in English (23.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.