See civilization in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "anticivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilizational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilizationally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilization-state"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cradle of civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cybercivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Harappan Civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypercivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "incivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Indus Civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Indus Valley Civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intercivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Kanglei civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Kangleipak civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Manipuri civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Meetei civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "microcivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "multicivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overcivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "postcivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "psychocivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subcivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "supercivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uncivilization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civilizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the Aztec civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Western civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall:",
"text": "But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-6nK7uvNX",
"links": [
[
"organized",
"organized"
],
[
"communities",
"community"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "65 13 14 6 2",
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 13 14 6 2",
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "order"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 24 26 8 2",
"sense": "group of countries",
"word": "sphere"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "qytetërim"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulturë"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "śəlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሥልጣኔ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَضَارَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "madaniyya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra, ḥaḍāre",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻaġakʻakrtʻutʻyun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "քաղաքակրթություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizasiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "mədəniyyət"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cyvilizácyja",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цывіліза́цыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śobbhota",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "সভ্যতা"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tomoddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তমদ্দুন"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tôhjib",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তহজিব"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sevenadur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "yanykye:hmu.",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ယဉ်ကျေးမှု"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цівіліза́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmíng",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénhuà",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cop",
"lang": "Coptic",
"roman": "iebouōini",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilisatsioon"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mentan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulttuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "korkeakulttuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "civilizacia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ცივილიზაცია"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "तहज़ीब"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "ぶんめい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmei",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "örkeniet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "өркениет"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "អរិយធម៌"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "文明",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeong",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문명"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "文化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munhwa",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "awedanî",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ئاوەدانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivîlîzasyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tsivilizatsiya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼā li nya tham",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ອາລິຍະທຳ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "exculta hominum vīta"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizācija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lij",
"lang": "Ligurian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civiltæ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamadun"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċiviltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šu genggiyen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sojol irgenšil",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "соёл иргэншил"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "medeniyyet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مدنیت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "temeddün",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "tamadon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "madanyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مدنيت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tamaddon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madaniyyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مَدَنِیَّت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sivilisassion"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cultură"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácia"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "тамаддун"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "aa-rá-yá-tam",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "อารยธรรม"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ekinç"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "uygarlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniýet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cyvilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивіліза́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَہْذِیب"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِیَت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamaddun"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "madaniyat"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilizatsiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizatsiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "文明",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "văn minh"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizåcion"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "beskaving"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tsivilizatsye",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזאַציע"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159:",
"text": "Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-BVXxVL5T",
"links": [
[
"civil society",
"civil society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "8 81 3 4 4",
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "home"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 3 4 4",
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "the land of the living"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "bewoonde wereld"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistys"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistynyt yhteiskunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 91 2 2 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "insanlık"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-x78-C4ER",
"links": [
[
"civilizing",
"civilize"
],
[
"civilized",
"civilize"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "16 1 48 7 27",
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "education"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 1 48 7 27",
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "acculturation"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmínhuà",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "civilisatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistäminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistyminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zivilisiertwerden"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"alt": "ぶんめいか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmeika",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"alt": "文明化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeonghwa",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "문명화"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "whakapuāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилѝзӣрано̄ст"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilìzīranōst"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "medenîleşme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 82 7 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "uygarlaşma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was a man of great civilization.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being civilized."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun--teXKpwS",
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivistyneisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cīvīlitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ardveenid"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitate"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizóvannostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизо́ванность"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 92 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivilleşme"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-T3cgcn8K",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "civilization",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 21 3 13 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 18 4 13 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 20 8 12 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 20 4 14 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 4 13 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Amharic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 15 14 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 14 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 19 15 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 19 13 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 17 16 9 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 18 16 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 17 16 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 13 4 9 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 18 21 10 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Coptic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 14 26 8 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 17 11 10 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 20 5 14 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 16 15 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 17 8 11 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 20 14 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 19 4 12 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 19 14 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 18 15 9 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 19 6 13 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 17 7 10 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 19 21 10 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 12 5 8 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 16 18 11 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 17 14 8 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 18 16 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 19 4 13 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 4 13 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 18 19 10 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 4 13 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ligurian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 17 18 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manchu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 17 7 10 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 18 19 11 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Nepali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 17 6 11 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 19 15 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 20 14 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 14 22 8 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 4 13 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Pashto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 18 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 18 12 11 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 20 16 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 20 14 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 4 13 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 18 7 12 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 16 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 10 7 6 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 19 3 13 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 18 14 10 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 15 10 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 4 13 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tigrinya translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 18 14 10 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 16 10 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 17 8 11 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 17 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 18 15 10 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 14 18 8 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 18 16 10 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 18 17 10 3 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 18 25 10 9 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Systems theory",
"orig": "en:Systems theory",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Systems",
"All topics",
"Interdisciplinary fields",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: ecumene (obsolete)"
},
{
"text": "Some of the tourists in the upcountry might have embarrassed themselves if they'd been capable of having any shame, whining that they couldn't wait to get back to civilization.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-name-OU8jhbYi",
"links": [
[
"emic",
"emic"
],
[
"civilised",
"civilise"
],
[
"savages",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarians",
"barbarian"
],
[
"refinement",
"refinement#English"
],
[
"elitism",
"elitism#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "inherently emic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inherently emic) Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World."
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyoyang'in",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "교양인"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Persian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Amharic translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Coptic translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Ligurian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tigrinya translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Systems theory"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anticivilization"
},
{
"word": "civilizational"
},
{
"word": "civilizationally"
},
{
"word": "civilization-state"
},
{
"word": "cradle of civilization"
},
{
"word": "cybercivilization"
},
{
"word": "Harappan Civilization"
},
{
"word": "hypercivilization"
},
{
"word": "incivilization"
},
{
"word": "Indus Civilization"
},
{
"word": "Indus Valley Civilization"
},
{
"word": "intercivilization"
},
{
"word": "Kanglei civilization"
},
{
"word": "Kangleipak civilization"
},
{
"word": "Manipuri civilization"
},
{
"word": "Meetei civilization"
},
{
"word": "microcivilization"
},
{
"word": "multicivilization"
},
{
"word": "overcivilization"
},
{
"word": "postcivilization"
},
{
"word": "precivilization"
},
{
"word": "psychocivilization"
},
{
"word": "subcivilization"
},
{
"word": "supercivilization"
},
{
"word": "uncivilization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civilizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "civilize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the Aztec civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Western civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall:",
"text": "But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development."
],
"links": [
[
"organized",
"organized"
],
[
"communities",
"community"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159:",
"text": "Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"links": [
[
"civil society",
"civil society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized."
],
"links": [
[
"civilizing",
"civilize"
],
[
"civilized",
"civilize"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was a man of great civilization.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being civilized."
],
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "order"
},
{
"sense": "group of countries",
"word": "sphere"
},
{
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "education"
},
{
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "acculturation"
},
{
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "home"
},
{
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "the land of the living"
},
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "qytetërim"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulturë"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "śəlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሥልጣኔ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَضَارَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "madaniyya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra, ḥaḍāre",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻaġakʻakrtʻutʻyun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "քաղաքակրթություն"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizasiya"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "mədəniyyət"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cyvilizácyja",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цывіліза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śobbhota",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "সভ্যতা"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tomoddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তমদ্দুন"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tôhjib",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তহজিব"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sevenadur"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "yanykye:hmu.",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ယဉ်ကျေးမှု"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цівіліза́ція"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmíng",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénhuà",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"code": "cop",
"lang": "Coptic",
"roman": "iebouōini",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilisatsioon"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mentan"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulttuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "korkeakulttuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "civilizacia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ცივილიზაცია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "तहज़ीब"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"alt": "ぶんめい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmei",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "örkeniet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "өркениет"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "អរិយធម៌"
},
{
"alt": "文明",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeong",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문명"
},
{
"alt": "文化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munhwa",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "awedanî",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ئاوەدانی"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivîlîzasyon"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tsivilizatsiya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼā li nya tham",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ອາລິຍະທຳ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "exculta hominum vīta"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizācija"
},
{
"code": "lij",
"lang": "Ligurian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civiltæ"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamadun"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċiviltà"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šu genggiyen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sojol irgenšil",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "соёл иргэншил"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "medeniyyet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مدنیت"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "temeddün",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "tamadon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "madanyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مدنيت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tamaddon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madaniyyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مَدَنِیَّت"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sivilisassion"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cultură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "тамаддун"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "aa-rá-yá-tam",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "อารยธรรม"
},
{
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ekinç"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "uygarlık"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniýet"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cyvilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивіліза́ція"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَہْذِیب"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِیَت"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamaddun"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "madaniyat"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilizatsiya"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizatsiya"
},
{
"alt": "文明",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "văn minh"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizåcion"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "beskaving"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tsivilizatsye",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזאַציע"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "bewoonde wereld"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistynyt yhteiskunta"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "insanlık"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmínhuà",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "civilisatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistäminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistyminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zivilisiertwerden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "ぶんめいか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmeika",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"alt": "文明化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeonghwa",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "문명화"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "whakapuāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилѝзӣрано̄ст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilìzīranōst"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "medenîleşme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "uygarlaşma"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivistyneisyys"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cīvīlitās"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ardveenid"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitate"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizóvannostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизо́ванность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivilleşme"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Persian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Amharic translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Coptic translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Ligurian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tigrinya translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Systems theory"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "civilization",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: ecumene (obsolete)"
},
{
"text": "Some of the tourists in the upcountry might have embarrassed themselves if they'd been capable of having any shame, whining that they couldn't wait to get back to civilization.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World."
],
"links": [
[
"emic",
"emic"
],
[
"civilised",
"civilise"
],
[
"savages",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarians",
"barbarian"
],
[
"refinement",
"refinement#English"
],
[
"elitism",
"elitism#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "inherently emic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inherently emic) Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyoyang'in",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "교양인"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for civilization meaning in English (38.4kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Esperanto: (10) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"civilization"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "civilization",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "civilization/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English proper nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations\", \"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations\", \"Requests for review of Esperanto translations\", \"Requests for review of French translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Requests for review of Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Amharic translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Coptic translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Ligurian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Manchu translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Nepali translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sanskrit translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tigrinya translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"en:Collectives\", \"en:Systems theory\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"anticivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizational\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizationally\"}, {\"word\": \"civilization-state\"}, {\"word\": \"cradle of civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"cybercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Harappan Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"hypercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"incivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Valley Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"intercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kanglei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kangleipak civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Manipuri civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Meetei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"microcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"multicivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"overcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"postcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"precivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"psychocivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"subcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"supercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"uncivilization\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"civilisation\"}, \"expansion\": \"French civilisation\", \"name\": \"bor\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from French civilisation.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"civilizations\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"civilize\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"the Aztec civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Western civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall:\", \"text\": \"But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.\"], \"links\": [[\"organized\", \"organized\"], [\"communities\", \"community\"], [\"nation\", \"nation\"], [\"people\", \"people\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English uncountable nouns\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159:\", \"text\": \"Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"links\": [[\"civil society\", \"civil society\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"tags\": [\"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilizing\", \"civilize\"], [\"civilized\", \"civilize\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He was a man of great civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The state or quality of being civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilized\", \"civilized\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"obsolete\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-civilization.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"culture\"}, {\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"order\"}, {\"sense\": \"group of countries\", \"word\": \"sphere\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"education\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"acculturation\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"home\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"the land of the living\"}, {\"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"qytetërim\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulturë\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"śəlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ሥልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حَضَارَة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"madaniyya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِيَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"ajp\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra, ḥaḍāre\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"South-Levantine-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kʻaġakʻakrtʻutʻyun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"քաղաքակրթություն\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizasiya\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"mədəniyyət\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácyja\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цывіліза́цыя\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śobbhota\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"সভ্যতা\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tomoddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তমদ্দুন\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tôhjib\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তহজিব\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sevenadur\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"yanykye:hmu.\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ယဉ်ကျေးမှု\"}, {\"code\": \"rue\", \"lang\": \"Carpathian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цівіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmíng\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénhuà\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文化\"}, {\"code\": \"cop\", \"lang\": \"Coptic\", \"roman\": \"iebouōini\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"beschaving\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilisatsioon\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"mentan\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"korkeakulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"civilizacia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ცივილიზაცია\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"तहज़ीब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmei\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"örkeniet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"өркениет\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"អរិយធម៌\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeong\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문명\"}, {\"alt\": \"文化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munhwa\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문화\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"awedanî\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ئاوەدانی\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivîlîzasyon\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsiya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"цивилизация\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"ʼā li nya tham\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ອາລິຍະທຳ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"exculta hominum vīta\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizācija\"}, {\"code\": \"lij\", \"lang\": \"Ligurian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civiltæ\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamadun\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ċiviltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"šu genggiyen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"sojol irgenšil\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"соёл иргэншил\"}, {\"code\": \"ne\", \"lang\": \"Nepali\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisasjon\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"medeniyyet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مدنیت\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"temeddün\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"tamadon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"madanyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"مدنيت\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tamaddon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"madaniyyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَّت\"}, {\"code\": \"pms\", \"lang\": \"Piedmontese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisassion\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cywilizacja\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cultură\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácia\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"тамаддун\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"aa-rá-yá-tam\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"อารยธรรม\"}, {\"code\": \"ti\", \"lang\": \"Tigrinya\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ekinç\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"uygarlık\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniýet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"تَہْذِیب\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَت\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamaddun\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"madaniyat\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilizatsiya\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizatsiya\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"văn minh\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizåcion\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"beskaving\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsye\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזאַציע\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"bewoonde wereld\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistys\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistynyt yhteiskunta\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"insanlık\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmínhuà\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"civilisatie\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistäminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisiertwerden\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizzazione\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめいか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmeika\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeonghwa\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"문명화\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"whakapuāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizare\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилѝзӣрано̄ст\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilìzīranōst\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"medenîleşme\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"uygarlaşma\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitat\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyneisyys\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cīvīlitās\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ardveenid\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitate\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizóvannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизо́ванность\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilleşme\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"civilization\"], \"word\": \"civilization\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "civilization",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "civilization/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English proper nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations\", \"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations\", \"Requests for review of Esperanto translations\", \"Requests for review of French translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Requests for review of Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Amharic translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Coptic translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Ligurian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Manchu translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Nepali translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sanskrit translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tigrinya translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"en:Collectives\", \"en:Systems theory\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"anticivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizational\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizationally\"}, {\"word\": \"civilization-state\"}, {\"word\": \"cradle of civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"cybercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Harappan Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"hypercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"incivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Valley Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"intercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kanglei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kangleipak civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Manipuri civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Meetei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"microcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"multicivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"overcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"postcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"precivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"psychocivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"subcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"supercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"uncivilization\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"civilisation\"}, \"expansion\": \"French civilisation\", \"name\": \"bor\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from French civilisation.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"civilizations\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"civilize\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"the Aztec civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Western civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall:\", \"text\": \"But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.\"], \"links\": [[\"organized\", \"organized\"], [\"communities\", \"community\"], [\"nation\", \"nation\"], [\"people\", \"people\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English uncountable nouns\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159:\", \"text\": \"Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"links\": [[\"civil society\", \"civil society\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"tags\": [\"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilizing\", \"civilize\"], [\"civilized\", \"civilize\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He was a man of great civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The state or quality of being civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilized\", \"civilized\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"obsolete\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-civilization.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"culture\"}, {\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"order\"}, {\"sense\": \"group of countries\", \"word\": \"sphere\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"education\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"acculturation\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"home\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"the land of the living\"}, {\"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"qytetërim\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulturë\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"śəlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ሥልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حَضَارَة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"madaniyya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِيَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"ajp\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra, ḥaḍāre\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"South-Levantine-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kʻaġakʻakrtʻutʻyun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"քաղաքակրթություն\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizasiya\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"mədəniyyət\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácyja\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цывіліза́цыя\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śobbhota\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"সভ্যতা\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tomoddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তমদ্দুন\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tôhjib\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তহজিব\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sevenadur\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"yanykye:hmu.\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ယဉ်ကျေးမှု\"}, {\"code\": \"rue\", \"lang\": \"Carpathian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цівіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmíng\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénhuà\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文化\"}, {\"code\": \"cop\", \"lang\": \"Coptic\", \"roman\": \"iebouōini\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"beschaving\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilisatsioon\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"mentan\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"korkeakulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"civilizacia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ცივილიზაცია\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"तहज़ीब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmei\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"örkeniet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"өркениет\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"អរិយធម៌\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeong\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문명\"}, {\"alt\": \"文化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munhwa\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문화\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"awedanî\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ئاوەدانی\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivîlîzasyon\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsiya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"цивилизация\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"ʼā li nya tham\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ອາລິຍະທຳ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"exculta hominum vīta\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizācija\"}, {\"code\": \"lij\", \"lang\": \"Ligurian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civiltæ\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamadun\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ċiviltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"šu genggiyen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"sojol irgenšil\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"соёл иргэншил\"}, {\"code\": \"ne\", \"lang\": \"Nepali\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisasjon\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"medeniyyet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مدنیت\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"temeddün\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"tamadon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"madanyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"مدنيت\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tamaddon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"madaniyyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَّت\"}, {\"code\": \"pms\", \"lang\": \"Piedmontese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisassion\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cywilizacja\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cultură\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácia\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"тамаддун\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"aa-rá-yá-tam\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"อารยธรรม\"}, {\"code\": \"ti\", \"lang\": \"Tigrinya\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ekinç\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"uygarlık\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniýet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"تَہْذِیب\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَت\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamaddun\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"madaniyat\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilizatsiya\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizatsiya\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"văn minh\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizåcion\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"beskaving\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsye\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזאַציע\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"bewoonde wereld\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistys\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistynyt yhteiskunta\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"insanlık\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmínhuà\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"civilisatie\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistäminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisiertwerden\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizzazione\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめいか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmeika\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeonghwa\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"문명화\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"whakapuāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizare\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилѝзӣрано̄ст\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilìzīranōst\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"medenîleşme\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"uygarlaşma\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitat\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyneisyys\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cīvīlitās\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ardveenid\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitate\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizóvannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизо́ванность\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilleşme\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"civilization\"], \"word\": \"civilization\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "civilization",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "civilization/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English proper nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations\", \"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations\", \"Requests for review of Esperanto translations\", \"Requests for review of French translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Requests for review of Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Amharic translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Coptic translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Ligurian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Manchu translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Nepali translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sanskrit translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tigrinya translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"en:Collectives\", \"en:Systems theory\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"anticivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizational\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizationally\"}, {\"word\": \"civilization-state\"}, {\"word\": \"cradle of civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"cybercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Harappan Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"hypercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"incivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Valley Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"intercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kanglei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kangleipak civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Manipuri civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Meetei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"microcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"multicivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"overcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"postcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"precivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"psychocivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"subcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"supercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"uncivilization\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"civilisation\"}, \"expansion\": \"French civilisation\", \"name\": \"bor\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from French civilisation.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"civilizations\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"civilize\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"the Aztec civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Western civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall:\", \"text\": \"But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.\"], \"links\": [[\"organized\", \"organized\"], [\"communities\", \"community\"], [\"nation\", \"nation\"], [\"people\", \"people\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English uncountable nouns\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159:\", \"text\": \"Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"links\": [[\"civil society\", \"civil society\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"tags\": [\"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilizing\", \"civilize\"], [\"civilized\", \"civilize\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He was a man of great civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The state or quality of being civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilized\", \"civilized\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"obsolete\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-civilization.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"culture\"}, {\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"order\"}, {\"sense\": \"group of countries\", \"word\": \"sphere\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"education\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"acculturation\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"home\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"the land of the living\"}, {\"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"qytetërim\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulturë\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"śəlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ሥልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حَضَارَة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"madaniyya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِيَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"ajp\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra, ḥaḍāre\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"South-Levantine-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kʻaġakʻakrtʻutʻyun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"քաղաքակրթություն\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizasiya\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"mədəniyyət\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácyja\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цывіліза́цыя\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śobbhota\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"সভ্যতা\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tomoddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তমদ্দুন\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tôhjib\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তহজিব\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sevenadur\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"yanykye:hmu.\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ယဉ်ကျေးမှု\"}, {\"code\": \"rue\", \"lang\": \"Carpathian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цівіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmíng\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénhuà\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文化\"}, {\"code\": \"cop\", \"lang\": \"Coptic\", \"roman\": \"iebouōini\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"beschaving\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilisatsioon\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"mentan\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"korkeakulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"civilizacia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ცივილიზაცია\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"तहज़ीब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmei\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"örkeniet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"өркениет\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"អរិយធម៌\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeong\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문명\"}, {\"alt\": \"文化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munhwa\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문화\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"awedanî\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ئاوەدانی\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivîlîzasyon\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsiya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"цивилизация\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"ʼā li nya tham\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ອາລິຍະທຳ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"exculta hominum vīta\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizācija\"}, {\"code\": \"lij\", \"lang\": \"Ligurian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civiltæ\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamadun\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ċiviltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"šu genggiyen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"sojol irgenšil\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"соёл иргэншил\"}, {\"code\": \"ne\", \"lang\": \"Nepali\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisasjon\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"medeniyyet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مدنیت\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"temeddün\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"tamadon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"madanyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"مدنيت\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tamaddon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"madaniyyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَّت\"}, {\"code\": \"pms\", \"lang\": \"Piedmontese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisassion\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cywilizacja\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cultură\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácia\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"тамаддун\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"aa-rá-yá-tam\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"อารยธรรม\"}, {\"code\": \"ti\", \"lang\": \"Tigrinya\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ekinç\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"uygarlık\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniýet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"تَہْذِیب\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَت\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamaddun\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"madaniyat\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilizatsiya\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizatsiya\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"văn minh\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizåcion\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"beskaving\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsye\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזאַציע\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"bewoonde wereld\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistys\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistynyt yhteiskunta\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"insanlık\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmínhuà\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"civilisatie\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistäminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisiertwerden\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizzazione\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめいか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmeika\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeonghwa\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"문명화\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"whakapuāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizare\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилѝзӣрано̄ст\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilìzīranōst\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"medenîleşme\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"uygarlaşma\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitat\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyneisyys\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cīvīlitās\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ardveenid\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitate\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizóvannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизо́ванность\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilleşme\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"civilization\"], \"word\": \"civilization\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "civilization",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "civilization/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag South-Levantine-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English proper nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations\", \"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations\", \"Requests for review of Esperanto translations\", \"Requests for review of French translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Requests for review of Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Amharic translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Coptic translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Ligurian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Manchu translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Nepali translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sanskrit translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tigrinya translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"en:Collectives\", \"en:Systems theory\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"anticivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizational\"}, {\"word\": \"civilizationally\"}, {\"word\": \"civilization-state\"}, {\"word\": \"cradle of civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"cybercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Harappan Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"hypercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"incivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Indus Valley Civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"intercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kanglei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Kangleipak civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Manipuri civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"Meetei civilization\"}, {\"word\": \"microcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"multicivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"overcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"postcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"precivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"psychocivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"subcivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"supercivilization\"}, {\"word\": \"uncivilization\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"civilisation\"}, \"expansion\": \"French civilisation\", \"name\": \"bor\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from French civilisation.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"civilizations\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"civilize\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"the Aztec civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Western civilization\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall:\", \"text\": \"But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.\"], \"links\": [[\"organized\", \"organized\"], [\"communities\", \"community\"], [\"nation\", \"nation\"], [\"people\", \"people\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English uncountable nouns\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159:\", \"text\": \"Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"links\": [[\"civil society\", \"civil society\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.\"], \"tags\": [\"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilizing\", \"civilize\"], [\"civilized\", \"civilize\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He was a man of great civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The state or quality of being civilized.\"], \"links\": [[\"civilized\", \"civilized\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil.\"], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"obsolete\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-civilization.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"culture\"}, {\"sense\": \"large-scale stage of societal development\", \"word\": \"order\"}, {\"sense\": \"group of countries\", \"word\": \"sphere\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"education\"}, {\"sense\": \"act of civilizing\", \"word\": \"acculturation\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"home\"}, {\"sense\": \"preferred human society\", \"word\": \"the land of the living\"}, {\"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"qytetërim\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulturë\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"śəlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ሥልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حَضَارَة\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"madaniyya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِيَّة\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"ajp\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥaḍāra, ḥaḍāre\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"South-Levantine-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"حضارة\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kʻaġakʻakrtʻutʻyun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"քաղաքակրթություն\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizasiya\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"mədəniyyət\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácyja\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цывіліза́цыя\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śobbhota\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"সভ্যতা\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tomoddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তমদ্দুন\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tôhjib\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"তহজিব\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sevenadur\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"yanykye:hmu.\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ယဉ်ကျေးမှု\"}, {\"code\": \"rue\", \"lang\": \"Carpathian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цівіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmíng\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénhuà\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文化\"}, {\"code\": \"cop\", \"lang\": \"Coptic\", \"roman\": \"iebouōini\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"beschaving\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilisatsioon\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"mentan\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"korkeakulttuuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"civilizacia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ცივილიზაცია\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"तहज़ीब\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"siðmenning\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmei\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"文明\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"örkeniet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"өркениет\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"អរិយធម៌\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeong\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문명\"}, {\"alt\": \"文化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munhwa\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"문화\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"awedanî\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ئاوەدانی\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivîlîzasyon\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsiya\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"цивилизация\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"ʼā li nya tham\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ອາລິຍະທຳ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"exculta hominum vīta\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizācija\"}, {\"code\": \"lij\", \"lang\": \"Ligurian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"civiltæ\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamadun\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"peradaban\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ċiviltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"šu genggiyen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"sojol irgenšil\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"соёл иргэншил\"}, {\"code\": \"ne\", \"lang\": \"Nepali\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisasjon\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"medeniyyet\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مدنیت\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"temeddün\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"tamadon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تمدن\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"madanyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"مدنيت\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tamaddon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"madaniyyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَّت\"}, {\"code\": \"pms\", \"lang\": \"Piedmontese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisassion\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cywilizacja\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cultură\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"sabhyatā\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"सभ्यता\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácia\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizacija\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"тамаддун\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"маданият\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"aa-rá-yá-tam\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"อารยธรรม\"}, {\"code\": \"ti\", \"lang\": \"Tigrinya\", \"roman\": \"səlṭane\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ስልጣኔ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"ekinç\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniyet\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"uygarlık\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"medeniýet\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"cyvilizácija\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивіліза́ція\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tahzīb\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"تَہْذِیب\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tamaddun\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"تَمَدُّن\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"madaniyat\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"مَدَنِیَت\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tamaddun\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"madaniyat\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"tsivilizatsiya\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"sivilizatsiya\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"văn minh\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizåcion\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"word\": \"beskaving\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizatsye\", \"sense\": \"organized culture\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזאַציע\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizace\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"bewoonde wereld\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistys\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"sivistynyt yhteiskunta\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Kultur\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsivilizátsia\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ציוויליזציה\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kultúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"култу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizație\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ција\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizácija\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"kabihasnan\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"human society\", \"word\": \"insanlık\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wénmínhuà\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"civilisatie\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistäminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyminen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilisaatio\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilización\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisiertwerden\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizzazione\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぶんめいか\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"bunmeika\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"文明化\"}, {\"alt\": \"文明化\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"munmyeonghwa\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"문명화\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"whakapuāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizare\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилѝзӣрано̄ст\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilìzīranōst\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisering\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"medenîleşme\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized\", \"word\": \"uygarlaşma\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitat\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivistyneisyys\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"politismós\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"πολιτισμός\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sibhialtacht\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cīvīlitās\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"civilizíranost\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизи́раност\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ardveenid\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"puāwaitanga\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilitate\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizóvannostʹ\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилизо́ванность\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kulʹtúra\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"культу́ра\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"state or quality of being civilized\", \"word\": \"sivilleşme\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"civilization\"], \"word\": \"civilization\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "civilization",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "civilization/English/name: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English proper nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations\", \"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations\", \"Requests for review of Esperanto translations\", \"Requests for review of French translations\", \"Requests for review of Latin translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian translations\", \"Requests for review of Persian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Requests for review of Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Amharic translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Coptic translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Ligurian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Manchu translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Nepali translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sanskrit translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tigrinya translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"en:Collectives\", \"en:Systems theory\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"civilisation\"}, \"expansion\": \"French civilisation\", \"name\": \"bor\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from French civilisation.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"civilization\", \"name\": \"en-proper noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Near-synonym: ecumene (obsolete)\"}, {\"text\": \"Some of the tourists in the upcountry might have embarrassed themselves if they'd been capable of having any shame, whining that they couldn't wait to get back to civilization.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World.\"], \"links\": [[\"emic\", \"emic\"], [\"civilised\", \"civilise\"], [\"savages\", \"savage\"], [\"barbarians\", \"barbarian\"], [\"refinement\", \"refinement#English\"], [\"elitism\", \"elitism#English\"]], \"qualifier\": \"inherently emic\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(inherently emic) Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-civilization.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"UK\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilització\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"word\": \"beschaving\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Zivilisation\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"word\": \"civilizáció\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civiltà\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilizzazione\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"gyoyang'in\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"word\": \"교양인\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sivilisasjon\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cywilizacja\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"civilização\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"civilizácija\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"цивилиза́ция\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"civilisation\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"civilization\"], \"word\": \"civilization\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "civilization",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.