See civilization on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for civilization meaning in All languages combined (34.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "anticivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilizational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilizationally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilization-state"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cybercivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Harappan Civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "incivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Indus Civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Indus Valley Civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Kanglei civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Kangleipak civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Manipuri civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Meetei civilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "microcivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "multicivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "supercivilization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uncivilization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civilizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "civilize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the Aztec civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Western civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall",
"text": "But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-6nK7uvNX",
"links": [
[
"organized",
"organized"
],
[
"communities",
"community"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "64 12 6 13 5",
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 12 6 13 5",
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "order"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "qytetërim"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulturë"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "śəlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሥልጣኔ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥiḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حِضَارَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "madaniyya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʿaġakʿakrtʿutʿyun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "քաղաքակրթություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizasiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "mədəniyyət"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cyvilizácyja",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цывіліза́цыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śobbhota",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "সভ্যতা"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tomoddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তমদ্দুন"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tôhjib",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তহজিব"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sevenadur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "yanykye:hmu.",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ယဉ်ကျေးမှု"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цівіліза́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmíng",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénhuà",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cop",
"lang": "Coptic",
"roman": "iebouōini",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilisatsioon"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mentan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulttuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "korkeakulttuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "civilizacia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ცივილიზაცია"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "तहज़ीब"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "ぶんめい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmei",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "örkeniet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "өркениет"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "អរិយធម៌"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "文明",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeong",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문명"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "文化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munhwa",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "awedanî",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ئاوەدانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivîlîzasyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tsivilizatsiya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼā li nya tham",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ອາລິຍະທຳ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "exculta hominum vīta"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizācija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lij",
"lang": "Ligurian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civiltæ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamadun"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċiviltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šu genggiyen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sojol irgenšil",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "соёл иргэншил"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "medeniyyet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مدنیت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "temeddün",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "tamadon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "madanyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مدنيت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tamaddon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madaniyyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مَدَنِیَّت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sivilisassion"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cultură"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácia"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "тамаддун"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "aa-rá-yá-tam",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "อารยธรรม"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ekinç"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "uygarlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniýet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cyvilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивіліза́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَہْذِیب"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِیَت"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamaddun"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "madaniyat"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilizatsiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizatsiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"alt": "文明",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "văn minh"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizåcion"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "beskaving"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 10 3 4 7",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tsivilizatsye",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזאַציע"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159",
"text": "Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-BVXxVL5T",
"links": [
[
"civil society",
"civil society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "8 80 3 5 4",
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "home"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 80 3 5 4",
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "the land of the living"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "bewoonde wereld"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistys"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistynyt yhteiskunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 2 2 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "insanlık"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-x78-C4ER",
"links": [
[
"civilizing",
"civilize"
],
[
"civilized",
"civilize"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "12 2 49 8 29",
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "education"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 2 49 8 29",
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "acculturation"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmínhuà",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "civilisatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistäminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistyminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zivilisiertwerden"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"alt": "ぶんめいか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmeika",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"alt": "文明化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeonghwa",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "문명화"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "whakapuāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилѝзӣрано̄ст"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilìzīranōst"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "medenîleşme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 83 6 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "uygarlaşma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was a man of great civilization.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being civilized."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun--teXKpwS",
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivistyneisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ardveenid"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitate"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizóvannostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизо́ванность"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 91 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivilleşme"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-noun-T3cgcn8K",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "34 30 23 11 3",
"sense": "group of countries",
"word": "sphere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "civilization",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
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"_dis": "48 18 19 9 4 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 13 27 9 10 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Systems theory",
"orig": "en:Systems theory",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Systems",
"All topics",
"Interdisciplinary fields",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. cf refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World"
],
"id": "en-civilization-en-name-ev2sb3Ic",
"links": [
[
"civilised",
"civilise"
],
[
"savages",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarians",
"barbarian"
],
[
"refinement",
"refinement"
],
[
"elitism",
"elitism"
],
[
"civilised society",
"civilised society"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyoyang'in",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "교양인"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 5-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Persian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Systems theory"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anticivilization"
},
{
"word": "civilizational"
},
{
"word": "civilizationally"
},
{
"word": "civilization-state"
},
{
"word": "cybercivilization"
},
{
"word": "Harappan Civilization"
},
{
"word": "incivilization"
},
{
"word": "Indus Civilization"
},
{
"word": "Indus Valley Civilization"
},
{
"word": "Kanglei civilization"
},
{
"word": "Kangleipak civilization"
},
{
"word": "Manipuri civilization"
},
{
"word": "Meetei civilization"
},
{
"word": "microcivilization"
},
{
"word": "multicivilization"
},
{
"word": "precivilization"
},
{
"word": "supercivilization"
},
{
"word": "uncivilization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "civilizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "civilize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the Aztec civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Western civilization",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Modern civilization is a product of industrialization and globalization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., pages rise and fall",
"text": "But civilizations, like the penis, rise and fall, and when the towers and battlements crumble into the earth, they return to the embrace of the Great Mother.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development."
],
"links": [
[
"organized",
"organized"
],
[
"communities",
"community"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A hermit doesn't much care for civilization.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I'm glad to be back in civilization after a day with that rowdy family.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 159",
"text": "Civilisation has imbued man's minds with false ideas of the evil of sex and its fulfilment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"links": [
[
"civil society",
"civil society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The teacher's civilization of the child was no easy task.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized."
],
"links": [
[
"civilizing",
"civilize"
],
[
"civilized",
"civilize"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was a man of great civilization.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being civilized."
],
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"sense": "large-scale stage of societal development",
"word": "order"
},
{
"sense": "group of countries",
"word": "sphere"
},
{
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "education"
},
{
"sense": "act of civilizing",
"word": "acculturation"
},
{
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "home"
},
{
"sense": "preferred human society",
"word": "the land of the living"
},
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "qytetërim"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulturë"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "śəlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሥልጣኔ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥiḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حِضَارَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "madaniyya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaḍāra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "حضارة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʿaġakʿakrtʿutʿyun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "քաղաքակրթություն"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizasiya"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "mədəniyyət"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cyvilizácyja",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цывіліза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śobbhota",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "সভ্যতা"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tomoddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তমদ্দুন"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tôhjib",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "তহজিব"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sevenadur"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "yanykye:hmu.",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ယဉ်ကျေးမှု"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цівіліза́ція"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmíng",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénhuà",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"code": "cop",
"lang": "Coptic",
"roman": "iebouōini",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilisatsioon"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mentan"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kulttuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "korkeakulttuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "civilizacia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ცივილიზაცია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "तहज़ीब"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "siðmenning"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"alt": "ぶんめい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmei",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "文明"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "örkeniet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "өркениет"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼreyaʼthɔə",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "អរិយធម៌"
},
{
"alt": "文明",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeong",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문명"
},
{
"alt": "文化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munhwa",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "awedanî",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ئاوەدانی"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivîlîzasyon"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tsivilizatsiya",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼā li nya tham",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ອາລິຍະທຳ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "exculta hominum vīta"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizācija"
},
{
"code": "lij",
"lang": "Ligurian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "civiltæ"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamadun"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "peradaban"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċiviltà"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šu genggiyen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sojol irgenšil",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "соёл иргэншил"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "medeniyyet",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مدنیت"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "temeddün",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "tamadon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تمدن"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "madanyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مدنيت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tamaddon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madaniyyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "مَدَنِیَّت"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sivilisassion"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cultură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "sabhyatā",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सभ्यता"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kultur"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "тамаддун"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "маданият"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "aa-rá-yá-tam",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "อารยธรรม"
},
{
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "səlṭane",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ስልጣኔ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "ekinç"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniyet"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "uygarlık"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "medeniýet"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cyvilizácija",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивіліза́ція"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tahzīb",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَہْذِیب"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tamaddun",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَمَدُّن"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "madaniyat",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَدَنِیَت"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tamaddun"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "madaniyat"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "tsivilizatsiya"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "sivilizatsiya"
},
{
"alt": "文明",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "văn minh"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizåcion"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "organized culture",
"word": "beskaving"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tsivilizatsye",
"sense": "organized culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזאַציע"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "bewoonde wereld"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "sivistynyt yhteiskunta"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsivilizátsia",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציוויליזציה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kultúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "култу́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizácija"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "human society",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "kabihasnan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "human society",
"word": "insanlık"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wénmínhuà",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "civilisatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistäminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivistyminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "sivilisaatio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilización"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zivilisiertwerden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "ぶんめいか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bunmeika",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "文明化"
},
{
"alt": "文明化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "munmyeonghwa",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "문명화"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "whakapuāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилѝзӣрано̄ст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilìzīranōst"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisering"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "medenîleşme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized",
"word": "uygarlaşma"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivistyneisyys"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "politismós",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πολιτισμός"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sibhialtacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "civilizíranost",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизи́раност"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ardveenid"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "puāwaitanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilitate"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizóvannostʹ",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилизо́ванность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulʹtúra",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "культу́ра"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "state or quality of being civilized",
"word": "sivilleşme"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 5-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Persian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Systems theory"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "civilisation"
},
"expansion": "French civilisation",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French civilisation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "civilization",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. cf refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World"
],
"links": [
[
"civilised",
"civilise"
],
[
"savages",
"savage"
],
[
"barbarians",
"barbarian"
],
[
"refinement",
"refinement"
],
[
"elitism",
"elitism"
],
[
"civilised society",
"civilised society"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-civilization.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg/En-us-civilization.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-civilization.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilització"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "beschaving"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zivilisation"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "civilizáció"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civiltà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilizzazione"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyoyang'in",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"word": "교양인"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sivilisasjon"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cywilizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "civilização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "civilizácija",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цивилиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "civilisation"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"civilization"
],
"word": "civilization"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Esperanto: (10) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"civilization"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "civilization",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.