See bulwark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bulwark meaning in English (22.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bulwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bulwerk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bolwerc"
},
"expansion": "bolwerc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bole",
"3": "work",
"gloss1": "tree trunk",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "bole (“tree trunk”) + work",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bollwerk"
},
"expansion": "German Bollwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bolværk"
},
"expansion": "Danish bolværk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bålverk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bålverk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of boulevard",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "French boulevard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "baluardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian baluardo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bulwerk, from Middle Dutch bolwerk, bolwerc and Middle Low German bolwerk, equivalent to bole (“tree trunk”) + work. Cognate with German Bollwerk, Danish bolværk, Swedish bålverk, Dutch bolwerk. Doublet of boulevard (from French boulevard, from Dutch); cognate with Portuguese and Spanish baluarte and Italian baluardo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bulwarks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bulwark (plural bulwarks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A defensive wall or rampart."
],
"id": "en-bulwark-en-noun-oxG0IV7x",
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥiṣn",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حِصْن"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoġapatneš",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "հողապատնեշ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "bastion",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "բաստիոն"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "redút",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реду́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bastión",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастио́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluard"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "val"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolværk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "remparo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "kaitsevall"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "paaluvarustus"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "suojamuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "suojavalli"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rempart"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bollwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "tulgiþa",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐍄𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌸𐌰"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "bástya"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "védfal"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "védőfal"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolvirki"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolverk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "remparo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bábhún"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluardo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hourui",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "堡塁"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmpɛɛng",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "កំពែង"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "senger",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "سەنگەر"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agger"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bédem",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бе́дем"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "násip",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́сип"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bastión",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастио́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "papatū"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "pākai"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolvirki"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hisar",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "حصار"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bâru",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "بارو"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wał"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szaniec"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вал"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bastión",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастио́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "redút",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реду́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bàbhan"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mùr"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grudobran"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "branik"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastion"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "bedem"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "branik"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bålverk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вал"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bastion",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастіон"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 0 2 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "וואַל"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A defense or safeguard."
],
"id": "en-bulwark-en-noun-uyPk1ff7",
"links": [
[
"defense",
"defense"
],
[
"safeguard",
"safeguard"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patvar",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "պատվար"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paštpanutʿyun",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "պաշտպանություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opóra",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "опо́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaštíta",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "защи́та"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluard"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záštita"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolværk"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verschansing"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "schans"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "suojamuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastion"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rempart"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bollwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "védelem"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanpei",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "藩屛"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa kaa pie",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "ការការពារ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "senger",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "سەنگەر"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arx"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záštita",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́штита"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ódbrana",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "о́дбрана"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sangar",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "سنگر"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oplót",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "опло́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaščíta",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "защи́та"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opóra",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "опо́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "opora",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "опора"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "oplot",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "оплот"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 90 0 2 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zaxyst",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "захист"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A breakwater."
],
"id": "en-bulwark-en-noun-6JiHu6H-",
"links": [
[
"breakwater",
"breakwater"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 2 46 21 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale that reduces the likelihood of seas washing over the gunwales and people being washed overboard."
],
"id": "en-bulwark-en-noun-dxKTQOv3",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"planking",
"planking"
],
[
"plating",
"plating"
],
[
"gunwale",
"gunwale"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"washing",
"washing"
],
[
"overboard",
"overboard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale that reduces the likelihood of seas washing over the gunwales and people being washed overboard."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falšbórd",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фалшбо́рд"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "murada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hrazení"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verschansing"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "pavezo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "lisälaita"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "varalaita"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "varpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "bastingage"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pavois"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schanzkleid"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impavesata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "rauawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boulevard"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amurada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falʹšbórt",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фальшбо́рт"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razma"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amurada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 5 88 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "falʹšbort",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фальшборт"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any means of defence or security."
],
"id": "en-bulwark-en-noun-tPF3JJxQ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any means of defence or security."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wɚk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bulwark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg/En-us-bulwark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bo͝ol'wərk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bulwark"
],
"word": "bulwark"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bulwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bulwerk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bolwerc"
},
"expansion": "bolwerc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bole",
"3": "work",
"gloss1": "tree trunk",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "bole (“tree trunk”) + work",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bollwerk"
},
"expansion": "German Bollwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bolværk"
},
"expansion": "Danish bolværk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bålverk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bålverk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of boulevard",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "French boulevard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "baluardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian baluardo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bulwerk, from Middle Dutch bolwerk, bolwerc and Middle Low German bolwerk, equivalent to bole (“tree trunk”) + work. Cognate with German Bollwerk, Danish bolværk, Swedish bålverk, Dutch bolwerk. Doublet of boulevard (from French boulevard, from Dutch); cognate with Portuguese and Spanish baluarte and Italian baluardo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bulwarks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bulwarking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bulwarked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bulwarked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bulwark (third-person singular simple present bulwarks, present participle bulwarking, simple past and past participle bulwarked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To fortify something with a wall or rampart."
],
"id": "en-bulwark-en-verb-rpybAyZl",
"links": [
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To fortify something with a wall or rampart."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To provide protection of defense for something."
],
"id": "en-bulwark-en-verb-ngcLRcj8",
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide protection of defense for something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wɚk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bulwark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg/En-us-bulwark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bo͝ol'wərk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bulwark"
],
"word": "bulwark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bulwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bulwerk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bolwerc"
},
"expansion": "bolwerc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bole",
"3": "work",
"gloss1": "tree trunk",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "bole (“tree trunk”) + work",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bollwerk"
},
"expansion": "German Bollwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bolværk"
},
"expansion": "Danish bolværk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bålverk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bålverk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of boulevard",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "French boulevard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "baluardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian baluardo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bulwerk, from Middle Dutch bolwerk, bolwerc and Middle Low German bolwerk, equivalent to bole (“tree trunk”) + work. Cognate with German Bollwerk, Danish bolværk, Swedish bålverk, Dutch bolwerk. Doublet of boulevard (from French boulevard, from Dutch); cognate with Portuguese and Spanish baluarte and Italian baluardo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bulwarks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bulwark (plural bulwarks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A defensive wall or rampart."
],
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A defense or safeguard."
],
"links": [
[
"defense",
"defense"
],
[
"safeguard",
"safeguard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A breakwater."
],
"links": [
[
"breakwater",
"breakwater"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale that reduces the likelihood of seas washing over the gunwales and people being washed overboard."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"planking",
"planking"
],
[
"plating",
"plating"
],
[
"gunwale",
"gunwale"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"washing",
"washing"
],
[
"overboard",
"overboard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale that reduces the likelihood of seas washing over the gunwales and people being washed overboard."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any means of defence or security."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any means of defence or security."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wɚk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bulwark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg/En-us-bulwark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bo͝ol'wərk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥiṣn",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حِصْن"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoġapatneš",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "հողապատնեշ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "bastion",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "բաստիոն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "redút",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реду́т"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bastión",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастио́н"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluard"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "val"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolværk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolwerk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "remparo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "kaitsevall"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "paaluvarustus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "suojamuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "suojavalli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rempart"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bollwerk"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "tulgiþa",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐍄𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌸𐌰"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "bástya"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "védfal"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "védőfal"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolvirki"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolverk"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "remparo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bábhún"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluardo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hourui",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "堡塁"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmpɛɛng",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "កំពែង"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "senger",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "سەنگەر"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agger"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bédem",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бе́дем"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "násip",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́сип"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bastión",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастио́н"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "papatū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "pākai"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolvirki"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hisar",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "حصار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bâru",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "بارو"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wał"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szaniec"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вал"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bastión",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастио́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "redút",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "реду́т"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bàbhan"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mùr"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grudobran"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "branik"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastion"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"word": "bedem"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "branik"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bålverk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вал"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bastion",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бастіон"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "val",
"sense": "defensive wall or rampart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "וואַל"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patvar",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "պատվար"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paštpanutʿyun",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "պաշտպանություն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opóra",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "опо́ра"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaštíta",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "защи́та"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluard"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záštita"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolværk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verschansing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "schans"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "suojamuuri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastion"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rempart"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bollwerk"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "védelem"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanpei",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "藩屛"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa kaa pie",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "ការការពារ"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "senger",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "سەنگەر"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arx"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záštita",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́штита"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ódbrana",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "о́дбрана"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sangar",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"word": "سنگر"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oplót",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "опло́т"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaščíta",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "защи́та"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opóra",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "опо́ра"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "opora",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "опора"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "oplot",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "оплот"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zaxyst",
"sense": "defense or safeguard",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "захист"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falšbórd",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фалшбо́рд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "murada"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orla"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hrazení"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verschansing"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "pavezo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "lisälaita"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "varalaita"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "varpe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "bastingage"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pavois"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schanzkleid"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impavesata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"word": "rauawa"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boulevard"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amurada"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falʹšbórt",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фальшбо́рт"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amurada"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "falʹšbort",
"sense": "nautical: planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фальшборт"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bulwark"
],
"word": "bulwark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bulwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bulwerk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bolwerc"
},
"expansion": "bolwerc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bolwerk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bole",
"3": "work",
"gloss1": "tree trunk",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "bole (“tree trunk”) + work",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bollwerk"
},
"expansion": "German Bollwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bolværk"
},
"expansion": "Danish bolværk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bålverk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bålverk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolwerk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of boulevard",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "boulevard"
},
"expansion": "French boulevard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "baluardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian baluardo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bulwerk, from Middle Dutch bolwerk, bolwerc and Middle Low German bolwerk, equivalent to bole (“tree trunk”) + work. Cognate with German Bollwerk, Danish bolværk, Swedish bålverk, Dutch bolwerk. Doublet of boulevard (from French boulevard, from Dutch); cognate with Portuguese and Spanish baluarte and Italian baluardo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bulwarks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bulwarking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bulwarked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bulwarked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bulwark (third-person singular simple present bulwarks, present participle bulwarking, simple past and past participle bulwarked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To fortify something with a wall or rampart."
],
"links": [
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To fortify something with a wall or rampart."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To provide protection of defense for something."
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide protection of defense for something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊl.wɚk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bulwark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg/En-us-bulwark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-bulwark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bo͝ol'wərk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bulwark"
],
"word": "bulwark"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.