See arx in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, guard, hold, lock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arca",
"3": "",
"4": "chest, box"
},
"expansion": "Latin arca (“chest, box”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արգել",
"3": "",
"4": "obstacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀρκέω",
"3": "",
"4": "I ward off, fend off"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō, “I ward off, fend off”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ارگ",
"3": "",
"4": "citadel",
"tr": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Persian ارگ (arg, “citadel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”). Cognates include Latin arca (“chest, box”), arceō (“I defend”), arcānus (“hidden, secret”), arcera (“covered carriage for sick people”), Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō, “I ward off, fend off”), Persian ارگ (arg, “citadel”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "arx f (genitive arcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 26 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure.",
"ref": "Vergil, Aeneid, 2.56",
"text": "... Trōiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.",
"translation": "... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure."
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-sjSNwQC-",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 26 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-O4cn6gpW",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"refuge",
"refuge"
],
[
"bulwark",
"bulwark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"(figuratively) defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 26 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"tyranny (with arx as the abode of tyrants)"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-hoiVqr3M",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"tyranny",
"tyranny"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 10 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 19 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "la:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.\n(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)",
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.72",
"text": "venit in hoc illa fulmen ab arce caput.",
"translation": "It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.\n(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-rqw6HDvl",
"links": [
[
"height",
"height"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"pinnacle",
"pinnacle"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈarks]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈarks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "arx"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erk-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Buildings and structures"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, guard, hold, lock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arca",
"3": "",
"4": "chest, box"
},
"expansion": "Latin arca (“chest, box”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արգել",
"3": "",
"4": "obstacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀρκέω",
"3": "",
"4": "I ward off, fend off"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō, “I ward off, fend off”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ارگ",
"3": "",
"4": "citadel",
"tr": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Persian ارگ (arg, “citadel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”). Cognates include Latin arca (“chest, box”), arceō (“I defend”), arcānus (“hidden, secret”), arcera (“covered carriage for sick people”), Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō, “I ward off, fend off”), Persian ارگ (arg, “citadel”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "arx f (genitive arcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure.",
"ref": "Vergil, Aeneid, 2.56",
"text": "... Trōiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.",
"translation": "... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure."
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"refuge",
"refuge"
],
[
"bulwark",
"bulwark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"(figuratively) defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"tyranny (with arx as the abode of tyrants)"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"tyranny",
"tyranny"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.\n(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)",
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.72",
"text": "venit in hoc illa fulmen ab arce caput.",
"translation": "It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.\n(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"links": [
[
"height",
"height"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"pinnacle",
"pinnacle"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈarks]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈarks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "arx"
}
Download raw JSONL data for arx meaning in Latin (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''stronghold, castle, citadel, f'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"arx"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "arx",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.