See arx in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, guard, hold, lock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arca",
"3": "",
"4": "chest, box"
},
"expansion": "Latin arca (“chest, box”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արգել",
"3": "",
"4": "obstacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀρκέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”). Cognates include Latin arca (“chest, box”), arceō (“I defend”), arcānus (“hidden, secret”), arcera (“covered carriage for sick people”), Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "arx f (genitive arcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 24 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "la:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-O4cn6gpW",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"refuge",
"refuge"
],
[
"bulwark",
"bulwark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"(figuratively) defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 24 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "la:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"tyranny (with arx as the abode of tyrants)"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-hoiVqr3M",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"tyranny",
"tyranny"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 24 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "la:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure.",
"ref": "Vergil, Aeneid, 2.56",
"text": "... Trōiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs."
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-sjSNwQC-",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 8 6 6 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 6 5 5 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "la:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.\n(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)",
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.72",
"text": "venit in hōc illa fulmen ab arce caput."
}
],
"glosses": [
"height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"id": "en-arx-la-noun-rqw6HDvl",
"links": [
[
"height",
"height"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"pinnacle",
"pinnacle"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymically) height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ärks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/arks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ärks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "arx"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erk-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Buildings and structures"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erk-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, guard, hold, lock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arca",
"3": "",
"4": "chest, box"
},
"expansion": "Latin arca (“chest, box”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արգել",
"3": "",
"4": "obstacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀρκέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”). Cognates include Latin arca (“chest, box”), arceō (“I defend”), arcānus (“hidden, secret”), arcera (“covered carriage for sick people”), Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "arx f (genitive arcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"refuge",
"refuge"
],
[
"bulwark",
"bulwark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"(figuratively) defence, protection, refuge, bulwark"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis",
"tyranny (with arx as the abode of tyrants)"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
],
[
"tyranny",
"tyranny"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure.",
"ref": "Vergil, Aeneid, 2.56",
"text": "... Trōiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs."
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"citadel",
"citadel"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"acropolis",
"acropolis"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.\n(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)",
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.72",
"text": "venit in hōc illa fulmen ab arce caput."
}
],
"glosses": [
"height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"links": [
[
"height",
"height"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"pinnacle",
"pinnacle"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymically) height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ärks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/arks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ärks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "arx"
}
Download raw JSONL data for arx meaning in Latin (5.2kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''stronghold, castle, citadel, f'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"arx"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "arx",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.