See blackmail in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "emotional blackmail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "postattack blackmail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blak rente",
"t": "a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "reditus nigri",
"t": "black mail"
},
"expansion": "Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "black",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "māl",
"4": "",
"5": "speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining"
},
"expansion": "Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "mál",
"4": "",
"5": "agreement, speech, lawsuit"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maþlą",
"4": "",
"5": "gathering, agreement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-",
"4": "",
"5": "to give advice, measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).\nThe word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to border reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”); the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi (“white rent”), denoting payment by silver.\nMcKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, \"to protect\" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Scottish Highlands as well as the Borders.\nMore likely, from black + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl, “meeting place”), from Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice.\nExpanded c. 1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail (“rent paid in money”) (1590s); buttock-mail (“fine imposed for fornication”) (1530s, Scottish).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "blackmail (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"black‧mail"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graymail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "greenmail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whitemail"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The extortion of money or favors by threats of public accusation, critique, or exposure."
],
"id": "en-blackmail-en-noun-oW6SVwcd",
"links": [
[
"extortion",
"extortion"
],
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"favor",
"favor"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shantazh"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ibtizāz",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِبْتِزَاز"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šortʻum",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "շորթում"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šantaž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "շանտաժ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "şantaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "xantaia"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šantáž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шанта́ж"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vymahálʹnictva",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вымага́льніцтва"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "blêkmeil",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "ব্ল্যাকমেইল"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznúdvane",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изну́дване"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šantáž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шанта́ж"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xantatge"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lèsuǒ",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "勒索"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "敲詐"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiāozhà",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "敲诈"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "誅求"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhūqiú",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "诛求"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīlè",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "逼勒"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "要挾"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yāoxié",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "要挟"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "訛詐"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ézhà",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "讹诈"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "cs",
"english": "extortion of money",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vydírání"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afpresning"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pengeafpresning"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afpersing"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "ĉantaĝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "väljapressimine"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "šantaaž"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "kiristys"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chantage"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chantaxe"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šanṭaži",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "შანტაჟი"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erpressung"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekviasmós",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εκβιασμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ekbiasmós",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἐκβιασμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "s'khitá",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "סְחִיטַת"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhayādohan",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भयादोहन"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "blaikmel",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ब्लैकमेल"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "zsarolás"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fjárkúgun"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "extorso"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ricatto"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōkatsu",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "恐喝"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōsei",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "強請"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bopsa",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "бопса"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "paʼsayyĕəʼhaʼ kriəh",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "បស័យ្ហគ្រាស"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"alt": "脅迫",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeopbak",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "협박"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"alt": "強請",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gangcheong",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "강청"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "şantaj",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "шантаж"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "kān khū ʼao ngœn",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "ການຂູ່ເອົາເງິນ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šantāža"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šantažas"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Chantage"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ucena",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уцена"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "soloky"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rikatt"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "utpressing"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "utpresning"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šântâž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "شانتاژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bâj-giri",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "باجگیری"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tahdid",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "تَهدید"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szantaż"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "extorsão"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chantagem"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "șantaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šantáž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шанта́ж"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ru",
"english": "extortion",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vymogátelʹstvo",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вымога́тельство"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rɛ́ket",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэ́кет"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "blackmail"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màl dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "у̏цена"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "у̏цјена"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȕcena"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 3 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȕcjena"
},
{
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"word": "utpressning"
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{
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{
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{
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"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
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{
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{
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"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "แบล็กเมล์"
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{
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"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
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{
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"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
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"word": "шанта́ж"
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{
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{
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"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
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{
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[
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"(by extension) Compromising material that can be used to extort someone."
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{
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[
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[
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[
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},
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "8 3 8 16 40 3 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Black rent; rent paid in corn, meat, or the lowest coin, as opposed to white rent, which was paid in silver."
],
"id": "en-blackmail-en-noun-wUvb~Zkq",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Black rent",
"black rent"
],
[
"white rent",
"white rent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(England law, historical) Black rent; rent paid in corn, meat, or the lowest coin, as opposed to white rent, which was paid in silver."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækˌmeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækmeɪl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglo-Scottish border",
"Scottish Highlands",
"blackmail",
"border reivers"
],
"word": "blackmail"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blackmailable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blackmailee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blackmailer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blackmaily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cyberblackmail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unblackmailed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blak rente",
"t": "a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "reditus nigri",
"t": "black mail"
},
"expansion": "Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "black",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "māl",
"4": "",
"5": "speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining"
},
"expansion": "Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "mál",
"4": "",
"5": "agreement, speech, lawsuit"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maþlą",
"4": "",
"5": "gathering, agreement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-",
"4": "",
"5": "to give advice, measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).\nThe word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to border reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”); the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi (“white rent”), denoting payment by silver.\nMcKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, \"to protect\" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Scottish Highlands as well as the Borders.\nMore likely, from black + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl, “meeting place”), from Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice.\nExpanded c. 1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail (“rent paid in money”) (1590s); buttock-mail (“fine imposed for fornication”) (1530s, Scottish).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackmails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackmailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackmailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackmailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "blackmail (third-person singular simple present blackmails, present participle blackmailing, simple past and past participle blackmailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"black‧mail"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "extortion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "protection racket"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "7 5 10 14 26 17 21",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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},
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},
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He blackmailed a businesswoman by threatening to expose an alleged fraud.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To extort money or favors from (a person) by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, such as injury to reputation, distress of mind, false accusation, etc."
],
"id": "en-blackmail-en-verb-VCLzQWcP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To extort money or favors from (a person) by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, such as injury to reputation, distress of mind, false accusation, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ibtizāza",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "اِبْتِزَازَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šantaži entʻarkel",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "շանտաժի ենթարկել"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šantažýravacʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шантажы́раваць"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vymahácʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вымага́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznúdvam",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изну́двам"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznúdja",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изну́дя"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šantažíram",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "шантажи́рам"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lèsuǒ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "勒索"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "敲詐"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiāozhà",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "敲诈"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "誅求"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhūqiú",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "诛求"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīlè",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "逼勒"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "要挾"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yāoxié",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "要挟"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "訛詐"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ézhà",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "讹诈"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vydírat"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "afpresse"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "chanteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "ĉantaĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "kiristää"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "faire du chantage"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "faire chanter"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekviázo",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "εκβιάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ekbiázō",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "ἐκβιάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sukophantéō",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "συκοφαντέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sakhát",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "סָחַט"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "zsarol"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "kúga fé út úr e-m"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "extorsar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "ricattare"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sebiru",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "せびる"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"alt": "きょうようする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōyō suru",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "強要する"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonggalhada",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "공갈하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ucenuva",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уценува"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "uceni",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уцени"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "utpresse"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "szantażować"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "chantagear"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "extorquir"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "a șantaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šantažírovatʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шантажи́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vymogátʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вымога́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "уце́нити"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "уције́нити"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ucéniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ucijéniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vydierať"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "izsiljevati"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "chantajear"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "utpressa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "pressa ut"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rîit-ao-sáp",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "รีดเอาทรัพย์"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šantažuváty",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шантажува́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vymaháty",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вимага́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "doạ tố giác"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
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"parents": [],
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"parents": [],
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 6 14 32 5 29",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 6 14 32 5 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 8 14 27 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 8 14 27 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 6 17 32 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 8 14 26 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 7 14 27 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malagasy translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 9 16 29 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 9 15 28 9 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 9 16 30 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 6 14 32 5 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 8 26 27 5 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 8 14 27 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 6 15 32 5 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 9 17 31 5 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 9 15 26 16 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 9 17 31 5 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 8 14 27 16 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 6 17 32 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To speak ill of someone; to defame someone."
],
"id": "en-blackmail-en-verb-ep57qfD0",
"links": [
[
"speak ill of",
"speak ill of"
],
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) To speak ill of someone; to defame someone."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækˌmeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ækmeɪl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglo-Scottish border",
"Scottish Highlands",
"blackmail",
"border reivers"
],
"word": "blackmail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-noun compound nouns",
"English compound terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Scottish Gaelic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *med-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ækmeɪl",
"Rhymes:English/ækmeɪl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Crime",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "emotional blackmail"
},
{
"word": "postattack blackmail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blak rente",
"t": "a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "reditus nigri",
"t": "black mail"
},
"expansion": "Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "black",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "māl",
"4": "",
"5": "speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining"
},
"expansion": "Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "mál",
"4": "",
"5": "agreement, speech, lawsuit"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maþlą",
"4": "",
"5": "gathering, agreement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-",
"4": "",
"5": "to give advice, measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).\nThe word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to border reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”); the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi (“white rent”), denoting payment by silver.\nMcKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, \"to protect\" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Scottish Highlands as well as the Borders.\nMore likely, from black + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl, “meeting place”), from Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice.\nExpanded c. 1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail (“rent paid in money”) (1590s); buttock-mail (“fine imposed for fornication”) (1530s, Scottish).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "blackmail (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"black‧mail"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "graymail"
},
{
"word": "greenmail"
},
{
"word": "whitemail"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The extortion of money or favors by threats of public accusation, critique, or exposure."
],
"links": [
[
"extortion",
"extortion"
],
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"favor",
"favor"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Compromising material that can be used to extort someone."
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"extort",
"extort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Compromising material that can be used to extort someone."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:BDSM"
],
"glosses": [
"Compromising material that can be used to extort someone.",
"A type of roleplay where the submissive shares information that may be extorted by the dominant."
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"extort",
"extort"
],
[
"BDSM",
"BDSM"
],
[
"roleplay",
"roleplay"
],
[
"submissive",
"submissive"
],
[
"dominant",
"dominant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Compromising material that can be used to extort someone.",
"(BDSM) A type of roleplay where the submissive shares information that may be extorted by the dominant."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"BDSM",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A form of protection money (or corn, cattle, etc.) anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to the allies of robbers in order to be spared from pillage."
],
"links": [
[
"protection money",
"protection money"
],
[
"robber",
"robber"
],
[
"pillage",
"pillage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A form of protection money (or corn, cattle, etc.) anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to the allies of robbers in order to be spared from pillage."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English English",
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"Black rent; rent paid in corn, meat, or the lowest coin, as opposed to white rent, which was paid in silver."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Black rent",
"black rent"
],
[
"white rent",
"white rent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(England law, historical) Black rent; rent paid in corn, meat, or the lowest coin, as opposed to white rent, which was paid in silver."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækˌmeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækmeɪl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shantazh"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ibtizāz",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِبْتِزَاز"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šortʻum",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "շորթում"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šantaž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "շանտաժ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "şantaj"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "xantaia"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šantáž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шанта́ж"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vymahálʹnictva",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вымага́льніцтва"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "blêkmeil",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "ব্ল্যাকমেইল"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznúdvane",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изну́дване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šantáž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шанта́ж"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xantatge"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lèsuǒ",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "勒索"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "敲詐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiāozhà",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "敲诈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "誅求"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhūqiú",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "诛求"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīlè",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "逼勒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "要挾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yāoxié",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "要挟"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "訛詐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ézhà",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "讹诈"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"english": "extortion of money",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vydírání"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afpresning"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pengeafpresning"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afpersing"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "ĉantaĝo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "väljapressimine"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "šantaaž"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "kiristys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chantage"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chantaxe"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šanṭaži",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "შანტაჟი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erpressung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekviasmós",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εκβιασμός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ekbiasmós",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἐκβιασμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "s'khitá",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "סְחִיטַת"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhayādohan",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भयादोहन"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "blaikmel",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ब्लैकमेल"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "zsarolás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fjárkúgun"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "extorso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ricatto"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōkatsu",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "恐喝"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōsei",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "強請"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bopsa",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "бопса"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "paʼsayyĕəʼhaʼ kriəh",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "បស័យ្ហគ្រាស"
},
{
"alt": "脅迫",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeopbak",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "협박"
},
{
"alt": "強請",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gangcheong",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "강청"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "şantaj",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "шантаж"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "kān khū ʼao ngœn",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "ການຂູ່ເອົາເງິນ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šantāža"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šantažas"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Chantage"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ucena",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уцена"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "soloky"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rikatt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "utpressing"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "utpresning"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šântâž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "شانتاژ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bâj-giri",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "باجگیری"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tahdid",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "تَهدید"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szantaż"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "extorsão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chantagem"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "șantaj"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šantáž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шанта́ж"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "extortion",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vymogátelʹstvo",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вымога́тельство"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rɛ́ket",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэ́кет"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "blackmail"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màl dubh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "у̏цена"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "у̏цјена"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȕcena"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȕcjena"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vydieranie"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "izsiljevanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chantaje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "extorsión"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utpressning"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "šantaž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "шантаж"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tahdid",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "таҳдид"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-rîit-ao-sáp",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "การรีดเอาทรัพย์"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rîit-ao-sáp",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "รีดเอาทรัพย์"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "blɛ́k-mee",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "แบล็กเมล์"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "şantaj"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "şantaž"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šantáž",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шанта́ж"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vymahánnja",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вимага́ння"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "bilaik mel",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بِلَیک میل"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "extortion of money by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure",
"word": "shantaj"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglo-Scottish border",
"Scottish Highlands",
"blackmail",
"border reivers"
],
"word": "blackmail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-noun compound nouns",
"English compound terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Scottish Gaelic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *med-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ækmeɪl",
"Rhymes:English/ækmeɪl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Crime",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blackmailable"
},
{
"word": "blackmailee"
},
{
"word": "blackmailer"
},
{
"word": "blackmaily"
},
{
"word": "cyberblackmail"
},
{
"word": "unblackmailed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blak rente",
"t": "a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "reditus nigri",
"t": "black mail"
},
"expansion": "Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "black",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "māl",
"4": "",
"5": "speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining"
},
"expansion": "Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "mál",
"4": "",
"5": "agreement, speech, lawsuit"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maþlą",
"4": "",
"5": "gathering, agreement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-",
"4": "",
"5": "to give advice, measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From black + mail (“a piece of money”). Compare Middle English blak rente (“a type of blackmail levied by Irish chieftains”).\nThe word is variously derived from the tribute paid by English and Scottish border dwellers to border reivers in return for immunity from raids and other harassment. This tribute was paid in goods or labour, in Latin reditus nigri (“black mail”); the opposite is blanche firmes or reditus albi (“white rent”), denoting payment by silver.\nMcKay derives it from two Scottish Gaelic words blàthaich, pronounced (the th silent) bl-aich, \"to protect\" and màl (“tribute, payment”). He notes that the practice was common in the Scottish Highlands as well as the Borders.\nMore likely, from black + Middle English mal, male, maile (“a payment, rent, tribute”), from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl, “meeting place”), from Proto-Germanic *maþlą (“gathering, agreement”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to give advice, measure”). From the practice of freebooting clan chieftains who ran protection rackets against Scottish farmers. Black from the evil of the practice.\nExpanded c. 1826 to any type of extortion money. Compare silver mail (“rent paid in money”) (1590s); buttock-mail (“fine imposed for fornication”) (1530s, Scottish).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackmails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackmailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackmailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackmailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blackmail (third-person singular simple present blackmails, present participle blackmailing, simple past and past participle blackmailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"black‧mail"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "extortion"
},
{
"word": "protection racket"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He blackmailed a businesswoman by threatening to expose an alleged fraud.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To extort money or favors from (a person) by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, such as injury to reputation, distress of mind, false accusation, etc."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To extort money or favors from (a person) by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, such as injury to reputation, distress of mind, false accusation, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kenyan English"
],
"glosses": [
"To speak ill of someone; to defame someone."
],
"links": [
[
"speak ill of",
"speak ill of"
],
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) To speak ill of someone; to defame someone."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækˌmeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blackmail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækmeɪl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ibtizāza",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "اِبْتِزَازَ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šantaži entʻarkel",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "շանտաժի ենթարկել"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "šantažýravacʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шантажы́раваць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vymahácʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вымага́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznúdvam",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изну́двам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznúdja",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изну́дя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šantažíram",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "шантажи́рам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lèsuǒ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "勒索"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "敲詐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiāozhà",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "敲诈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "誅求"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhūqiú",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "诛求"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīlè",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "逼勒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "要挾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yāoxié",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "要挟"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "訛詐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ézhà",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "讹诈"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vydírat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "afpresse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "chanteren"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "ĉantaĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "kiristää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "faire du chantage"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "faire chanter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekviázo",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "εκβιάζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ekbiázō",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "ἐκβιάζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sukophantéō",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "συκοφαντέω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sakhát",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "סָחַט"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "zsarol"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "kúga fé út úr e-m"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "extorsar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "ricattare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sebiru",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "せびる"
},
{
"alt": "きょうようする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōyō suru",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "強要する"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonggalhada",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "공갈하다"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ucenuva",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уценува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "uceni",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уцени"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "utpresse"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "szantażować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "chantagear"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "extorquir"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "a șantaja"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šantažírovatʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шантажи́ровать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vymogátʹ",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вымога́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "уце́нити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "уције́нити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ucéniti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ucijéniti"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vydierať"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "izsiljevati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "chantajear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "utpressa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "pressa ut"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rîit-ao-sáp",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "รีดเอาทรัพย์"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šantažuváty",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шантажува́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vymaháty",
"sense": "to extort money",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вимага́ти"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to extort money",
"word": "doạ tố giác"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglo-Scottish border",
"Scottish Highlands",
"blackmail",
"border reivers"
],
"word": "blackmail"
}
Download raw JSONL data for blackmail meaning in English (38.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.