See 貧寒 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "贫寒",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "貧寒",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "家道貧寒"
},
{
"word": "家道贫寒"
},
{
"word": "貧寒出身"
},
{
"word": "贫寒出身"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor; poverty-stricken; impoverished"
],
"id": "en-貧寒-zh-adj-gOWnAadA",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"poverty-stricken",
"poverty-stricken"
],
[
"impoverished",
"impoverished"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "厄"
},
{
"roman": "kùnfá",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "困乏"
},
{
"roman": "kùnjiǒng",
"word": "困窘"
},
{
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困窮"
},
{
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困穷"
},
{
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困頓"
},
{
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困顿"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "宋凶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散凶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散赤"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngkǔ",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清苦"
},
{
"roman": "dànbó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "淡薄"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清貧"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清贫"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "㾪赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "磽"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "硗"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "䆀康"
},
{
"roman": "kòngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "空乏"
},
{
"word": "窄"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngcù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窘促"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngkùn",
"word": "窘困"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngpò",
"word": "窘迫"
},
{
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "窮"
},
{
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "穷"
},
{
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窮乏"
},
{
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穷乏"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "窮困"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "穷困"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮㾪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷㾪"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "窮苦"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "穷苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔhán",
"word": "苦寒"
},
{
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "貧乏"
},
{
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "贫乏"
},
{
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "貧困"
},
{
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "贫困"
},
{
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "貧瘠"
},
{
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "贫瘠"
},
{
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "貧窮"
},
{
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "贫穷"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "貧苦"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "贫苦"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pínhán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pan⁴ hon⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phìn-hòn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pîn-hân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pínhán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pínhán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pʻin²-han²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pín-hán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pynharn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "пиньхань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pinʹxanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ xän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "pàhn hòhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pan⁴ hon⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "pen⁴ hon⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ hɔːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phìn-hòn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pin^ˇ hon^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pin² hon²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ hon¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pîn-hân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pîn-hân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pinhaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² han¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ han²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²³⁻³³ han²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ xän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ hɔːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ hon¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² han¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ han²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²³⁻³³ han²³/"
}
],
"word": "貧寒"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "家道貧寒"
},
{
"word": "家道贫寒"
},
{
"word": "貧寒出身"
},
{
"word": "贫寒出身"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "贫寒",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "貧寒",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 寒",
"Chinese terms spelled with 貧",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka adjectives",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"poor; poverty-stricken; impoverished"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"poverty-stricken",
"poverty-stricken"
],
[
"impoverished",
"impoverished"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pínhán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "pan⁴ hon⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phìn-hòn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pîn-hân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pínhán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pínhán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pʻin²-han²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pín-hán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pynharn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "пиньхань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pinʹxanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ xän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "pàhn hòhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "pan⁴ hon⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "pen⁴ hon⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ hɔːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "phìn-hòn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pin^ˇ hon^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pin² hon²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ hon¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pîn-hân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pîn-hân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pinhaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² han¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ han²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²³⁻³³ han²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ xän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ hɔːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ hon¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² han²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² han¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ han²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pin²³⁻³³ han²³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "厄"
},
{
"roman": "kùnfá",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "困乏"
},
{
"roman": "kùnjiǒng",
"word": "困窘"
},
{
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困窮"
},
{
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困穷"
},
{
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困頓"
},
{
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困顿"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "宋凶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散凶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散赤"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngkǔ",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清苦"
},
{
"roman": "dànbó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "淡薄"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清貧"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清贫"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "㾪赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "磽"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "硗"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "䆀康"
},
{
"roman": "kòngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "空乏"
},
{
"word": "窄"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngcù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窘促"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngkùn",
"word": "窘困"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngpò",
"word": "窘迫"
},
{
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "窮"
},
{
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "穷"
},
{
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窮乏"
},
{
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穷乏"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "窮困"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "穷困"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮㾪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷㾪"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "窮苦"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "穷苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔhán",
"word": "苦寒"
},
{
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "貧乏"
},
{
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "贫乏"
},
{
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "貧困"
},
{
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "贫困"
},
{
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "貧瘠"
},
{
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "贫瘠"
},
{
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "貧窮"
},
{
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "贫穷"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "貧苦"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "贫苦"
}
],
"word": "貧寒"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 貧寒 meaning in Chinese (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"貧寒"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "貧寒",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"貧寒"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "貧寒",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%B2%A7%E7%AA%AE'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"貧寒"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "貧寒",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.