See 恐 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 恐 meaning in Chinese (10.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "wéikǒng",
"word": "唯恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "唯恐不及"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghè",
"word": "恐嚇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghè",
"word": "恐吓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghòuzhēngxiān",
"word": "恐後爭先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghòuzhēngxiān",
"word": "恐后争先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngbù",
"word": "恐怖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngpà",
"word": "恐怕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngbùzhǔyì",
"word": "恐怖主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngbùzhǔyì",
"word": "恐怖主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngbùfènzǐ",
"word": "恐怖分子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "恐怖小說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "恐怖小说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "恐怖片兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "恐怖片儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "恐恐然"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghuáng",
"word": "恐惶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghuángsǒngjù",
"word": "恐惶悚懼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghuángsǒngjù",
"word": "恐惶悚惧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghuāng",
"word": "恐慌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnghuāngzhèng",
"word": "恐慌症"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngyōu",
"word": "恐憂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngyōu",
"word": "恐忧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnglǜ",
"word": "恐慮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnglǜ",
"word": "恐虑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngjù",
"word": "恐懼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngjù",
"word": "恐惧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngshuǐbìng",
"word": "恐水病"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "恐變症"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "恐变症"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngniǎo",
"word": "恐鳥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒngniǎo",
"word": "恐鸟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnglóng",
"word": "恐龍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǒnglóng",
"word": "恐龙"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "wéikǒng",
"word": "惟恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "惜恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "huángkǒng",
"word": "惶恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "惴恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "huángkǒngbù'ān",
"word": "惶恐不安"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dānjīngshòukǒng",
"word": "擔驚受恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dānjīngshòukǒng",
"word": "担惊受恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yǒushìwúkǒng",
"word": "有恃無恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yǒushìwúkǒng",
"word": "有恃无恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "深恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zhēngxiānkǒnghòu",
"word": "爭先恐後"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zhēngxiānkǒnghòu",
"word": "争先恐后"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yóukǒng",
"word": "猶恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yóukǒng",
"word": "犹恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "生恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Huángkǒng Tān",
"word": "皇恐灘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Huángkǒng Tān",
"word": "皇恐滩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hóngsè kǒngbù",
"word": "紅色恐怖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hóngsè kǒngbù",
"word": "红色恐怖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jīngjì kǒnghuāng",
"word": "經濟恐慌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jīngjì kǒnghuāng",
"word": "经济恐慌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "línsǐbùkǒng",
"word": "臨死不恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "línsǐbùkǒng",
"word": "临死不恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "línnànbùkǒng",
"word": "臨難不恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "línnànbùkǒng",
"word": "临难不恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chéngkǒng",
"word": "誠恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chéngkǒng",
"word": "诚恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chéngkǒngchénghuáng",
"word": "誠恐誠惶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chéngkǒngchénghuáng",
"word": "诚恐诚惶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chénghuángchéngkǒng",
"word": "誠惶誠恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chénghuángchéngkǒng",
"word": "诚惶诚恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zhènkǒng",
"word": "震恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jīngkǒng",
"word": "驚恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jīngkǒng",
"word": "惊恐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "驚恐萬分"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "惊恐万分"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "yes",
"pron": "OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "𢀜//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𢀜 ()",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "心//",
"3": "",
"4": "heart",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "心 (“heart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𢀜",
"2": "心",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"nocap": "yes",
"t2": "heart"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 𢀜 () + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "yes",
"pron": "OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "巩//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *koŋʔ</span>"
},
"expansion": "巩 (OC *koŋʔ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "心//",
"3": "",
"4": "heart",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "心 (“heart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "巩",
"2": "心",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"nocap": "yes",
"t2": "heart"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In the Shuowen Jiezi appears as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 𢀜 () + semantic 心 (“heart”). The modern form can be interpreted as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "恐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fear; to be afraid"
],
"id": "en-恐-zh-character-TkXy6-yg",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fearful; apprehensive"
],
"id": "en-恐-zh-character-Wz7Blk1Z",
"links": [
[
"fearful",
"fearful"
],
[
"apprehensive",
"apprehensive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 16 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"perhaps; may (not)"
],
"id": "en-恐-zh-character-RNWn8KOD",
"links": [
[
"perhaps",
"perhaps"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kong³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hung²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khiúng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kě̤ng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kṳ̄ng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiong²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵khon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "koong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kun"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "húng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hung²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hung²"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khiúng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiung`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiung³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰi̯uŋ³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kě̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰœyŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kṳ̄ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰyŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qiorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰioŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵khon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khon^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²khon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰoŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khjowngX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khjowngH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰoŋʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰoŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰi̯uŋ³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰœyŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰyŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰioŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰoŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰoŋs/"
}
],
"word": "恐"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min adverbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min adjectives",
"Northern Min adverbs",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "wéikǒng",
"word": "唯恐"
},
{
"word": "唯恐不及"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghè",
"word": "恐嚇"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghè",
"word": "恐吓"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghòuzhēngxiān",
"word": "恐後爭先"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghòuzhēngxiān",
"word": "恐后争先"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngbù",
"word": "恐怖"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngpà",
"word": "恐怕"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngbùzhǔyì",
"word": "恐怖主義"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngbùzhǔyì",
"word": "恐怖主义"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngbùfènzǐ",
"word": "恐怖分子"
},
{
"word": "恐怖小說"
},
{
"word": "恐怖小说"
},
{
"word": "恐怖片兒"
},
{
"word": "恐怖片儿"
},
{
"word": "恐恐然"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghuáng",
"word": "恐惶"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghuángsǒngjù",
"word": "恐惶悚懼"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghuángsǒngjù",
"word": "恐惶悚惧"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghuāng",
"word": "恐慌"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnghuāngzhèng",
"word": "恐慌症"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngyōu",
"word": "恐憂"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngyōu",
"word": "恐忧"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnglǜ",
"word": "恐慮"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnglǜ",
"word": "恐虑"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngjù",
"word": "恐懼"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngjù",
"word": "恐惧"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngshuǐbìng",
"word": "恐水病"
},
{
"word": "恐變症"
},
{
"word": "恐变症"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngniǎo",
"word": "恐鳥"
},
{
"roman": "kǒngniǎo",
"word": "恐鸟"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnglóng",
"word": "恐龍"
},
{
"roman": "kǒnglóng",
"word": "恐龙"
},
{
"roman": "wéikǒng",
"word": "惟恐"
},
{
"word": "惜恐"
},
{
"roman": "huángkǒng",
"word": "惶恐"
},
{
"word": "惴恐"
},
{
"roman": "huángkǒngbù'ān",
"word": "惶恐不安"
},
{
"roman": "dānjīngshòukǒng",
"word": "擔驚受恐"
},
{
"roman": "dānjīngshòukǒng",
"word": "担惊受恐"
},
{
"roman": "yǒushìwúkǒng",
"word": "有恃無恐"
},
{
"roman": "yǒushìwúkǒng",
"word": "有恃无恐"
},
{
"word": "深恐"
},
{
"roman": "zhēngxiānkǒnghòu",
"word": "爭先恐後"
},
{
"roman": "zhēngxiānkǒnghòu",
"word": "争先恐后"
},
{
"roman": "yóukǒng",
"word": "猶恐"
},
{
"roman": "yóukǒng",
"word": "犹恐"
},
{
"word": "生恐"
},
{
"roman": "Huángkǒng Tān",
"word": "皇恐灘"
},
{
"roman": "Huángkǒng Tān",
"word": "皇恐滩"
},
{
"roman": "hóngsè kǒngbù",
"word": "紅色恐怖"
},
{
"roman": "hóngsè kǒngbù",
"word": "红色恐怖"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì kǒnghuāng",
"word": "經濟恐慌"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì kǒnghuāng",
"word": "经济恐慌"
},
{
"roman": "línsǐbùkǒng",
"word": "臨死不恐"
},
{
"roman": "línsǐbùkǒng",
"word": "临死不恐"
},
{
"roman": "línnànbùkǒng",
"word": "臨難不恐"
},
{
"roman": "línnànbùkǒng",
"word": "临难不恐"
},
{
"roman": "chéngkǒng",
"word": "誠恐"
},
{
"roman": "chéngkǒng",
"word": "诚恐"
},
{
"roman": "chéngkǒngchénghuáng",
"word": "誠恐誠惶"
},
{
"roman": "chéngkǒngchénghuáng",
"word": "诚恐诚惶"
},
{
"roman": "chénghuángchéngkǒng",
"word": "誠惶誠恐"
},
{
"roman": "chénghuángchéngkǒng",
"word": "诚惶诚恐"
},
{
"roman": "zhènkǒng",
"word": "震恐"
},
{
"roman": "jīngkǒng",
"word": "驚恐"
},
{
"roman": "jīngkǒng",
"word": "惊恐"
},
{
"word": "驚恐萬分"
},
{
"word": "惊恐万分"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "yes",
"pron": "OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "𢀜//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𢀜 ()",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "心//",
"3": "",
"4": "heart",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "心 (“heart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𢀜",
"2": "心",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"nocap": "yes",
"t2": "heart"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 𢀜 () + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "yes",
"pron": "OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "巩//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *koŋʔ</span>"
},
"expansion": "巩 (OC *koŋʔ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "心//",
"3": "",
"4": "heart",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "心 (“heart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "巩",
"2": "心",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"nocap": "yes",
"t2": "heart"
},
"expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In the Shuowen Jiezi appears as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 𢀜 () + semantic 心 (“heart”). The modern form can be interpreted as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "恐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fear; to be afraid"
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fearful; apprehensive"
],
"links": [
[
"fearful",
"fearful"
],
[
"apprehensive",
"apprehensive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"perhaps; may (not)"
],
"links": [
[
"perhaps",
"perhaps"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kong³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hung²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khiúng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kě̤ng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kṳ̄ng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kiong²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵khon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "koong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kun"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "húng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hung²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hung²"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khiúng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiung`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiung³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰi̯uŋ³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kě̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰœyŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kṳ̄ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰyŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qiorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰioŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵khon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khon^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²khon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰoŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khjowngX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khjowngH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰoŋʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰoŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰi̯uŋ³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰœyŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰyŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰioŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰoŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰoŋs/"
}
],
"word": "恐"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"恐"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "恐",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.