See 鞏 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 鞏 meaning in Chinese (9.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "岑鞏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "岑巩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Dōnggǒng",
"word": "東鞏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Dōnggǒng",
"word": "东巩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "鞏固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "巩固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gǒngjiāwān",
"word": "鞏家灣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gǒngjiāwān",
"word": "巩家湾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gǒngliú",
"word": "鞏留"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gǒngliú",
"word": "巩留"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鞏縣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "巩县"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鞏縣石窟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "巩县石窟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gǒngyì",
"word": "鞏義"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gǒngyì",
"word": "巩义"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒngmó",
"word": "鞏膜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒngmó",
"word": "巩膜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒngmóyán",
"word": "鞏膜炎"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒngmóyán",
"word": "巩膜炎"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鞏華城"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "巩华城"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *koŋʔ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "巩//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *koŋʔ</span>"
},
"expansion": "巩 (OC *koŋʔ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "革//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "革",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "巩",
"2": "革",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 革",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 革.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "鞏",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fasten using a leather band"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-PGdhvEVo",
"links": [
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to secure; to consolidate"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-5NxWeicq",
"links": [
[
"secure",
"secure"
],
[
"consolidate",
"consolidate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firm; secure"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-Wjzw8YDt",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"secure",
"secure"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gǒng, “post, pillar”",
"word": "栱"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 栱 (gǒng, “post, pillar”)"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-q9~xAQPa",
"links": [
[
"栱",
"栱#Chinese"
],
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kǒng, “to fear”",
"word": "恐"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 恐 (kǒng, “to fear”)"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-~wc6tYPr",
"links": [
[
"恐",
"恐#Chinese"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 8 2 1 28 15 15 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 11 2 1 35 14 13 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan)"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-Dq--QhBu",
"links": [
[
"國",
"國#Chinese"
],
[
"Spring and Autumn",
"Spring and Autumn#English"
],
[
"Henan",
"Henan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～國) (historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan)"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan)"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-RR529XO0",
"links": [
[
"縣",
"縣#Chinese"
],
[
"Gongyi",
"w:Gongyi"
],
[
"Henan",
"Henan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～縣) (historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan)"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan)"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-8qLc-vev",
"links": [
[
"州",
"州#Chinese"
],
[
"Gong County",
"w:Gong County, Sichuan"
],
[
"Sichuan",
"Sichuan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan)"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu)"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-tNRtIfmO",
"links": [
[
"州",
"州#Chinese"
],
[
"Longxi County",
"w:Longxi County"
],
[
"Gansu",
"Gansu#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "鞏俐／巩俐 ― Gǒng Lì ― Gong Li",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname. Gong"
],
"id": "en-鞏-zh-character-RkiFwMKu",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"Gong",
"Gong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gong³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kióng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khōng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵kon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "goong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gun"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gúng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qiorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qong"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵kon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²kon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjowngX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*k(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*koŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/ kióng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*k(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*koŋʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "堅實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "坚实"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "堅硬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "坚硬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "扎實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "of foundations",
"roman": "shēnhòu",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "深厚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "láo",
"word": "牢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "láogù",
"word": "牢固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "láoláo",
"word": "牢牢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "láokào",
"word": "牢靠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "cí",
"word": "瓷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "穩固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "稳固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "結實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "结实"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jǐnshí",
"word": "緊實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jǐnshí",
"word": "紧实"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "鞏固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "巩固"
}
],
"word": "鞏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "岑鞏"
},
{
"word": "岑巩"
},
{
"roman": "Dōnggǒng",
"word": "東鞏"
},
{
"roman": "Dōnggǒng",
"word": "东巩"
},
{
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "鞏固"
},
{
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "巩固"
},
{
"roman": "Gǒngjiāwān",
"word": "鞏家灣"
},
{
"roman": "Gǒngjiāwān",
"word": "巩家湾"
},
{
"roman": "Gǒngliú",
"word": "鞏留"
},
{
"roman": "Gǒngliú",
"word": "巩留"
},
{
"word": "鞏縣"
},
{
"word": "巩县"
},
{
"word": "鞏縣石窟"
},
{
"word": "巩县石窟"
},
{
"roman": "Gǒngyì",
"word": "鞏義"
},
{
"roman": "Gǒngyì",
"word": "巩义"
},
{
"roman": "gǒngmó",
"word": "鞏膜"
},
{
"roman": "gǒngmó",
"word": "巩膜"
},
{
"roman": "gǒngmóyán",
"word": "鞏膜炎"
},
{
"roman": "gǒngmóyán",
"word": "巩膜炎"
},
{
"word": "鞏華城"
},
{
"word": "巩华城"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *koŋʔ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "巩//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *koŋʔ</span>"
},
"expansion": "巩 (OC *koŋʔ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "革//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "革",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "巩",
"2": "革",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 革",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 革.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "鞏",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fasten using a leather band"
],
"links": [
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to secure; to consolidate"
],
"links": [
[
"secure",
"secure"
],
[
"consolidate",
"consolidate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firm; secure"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"secure",
"secure"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gǒng, “post, pillar”",
"word": "栱"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 栱 (gǒng, “post, pillar”)"
],
"links": [
[
"栱",
"栱#Chinese"
],
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kǒng, “to fear”",
"word": "恐"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 恐 (kǒng, “to fear”)"
],
"links": [
[
"恐",
"恐#Chinese"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan)"
],
"links": [
[
"國",
"國#Chinese"
],
[
"Spring and Autumn",
"Spring and Autumn#English"
],
[
"Henan",
"Henan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～國) (historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan)"
],
"links": [
[
"縣",
"縣#Chinese"
],
[
"Gongyi",
"w:Gongyi"
],
[
"Henan",
"Henan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～縣) (historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan)"
],
"links": [
[
"州",
"州#Chinese"
],
[
"Gong County",
"w:Gong County, Sichuan"
],
[
"Sichuan",
"Sichuan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu)"
],
"links": [
[
"州",
"州#Chinese"
],
[
"Longxi County",
"w:Longxi County"
],
[
"Gansu",
"Gansu#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "鞏俐／巩俐 ― Gǒng Lì ― Gong Li",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname. Gong"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"Gong",
"Gong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gong³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kióng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khōng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵kon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "goong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gun"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gúng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qiorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kióng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiorng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qong"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵kon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²kon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjowngX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*k(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*koŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/ kióng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*k(r)oŋʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*koŋʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "堅實"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshí",
"word": "坚实"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "堅硬"
},
{
"roman": "jiānyìng",
"word": "坚硬"
},
{
"word": "扎實"
},
{
"english": "of foundations",
"roman": "shēnhòu",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "深厚"
},
{
"roman": "láo",
"word": "牢"
},
{
"roman": "láogù",
"word": "牢固"
},
{
"roman": "láoláo",
"word": "牢牢"
},
{
"roman": "láokào",
"word": "牢靠"
},
{
"roman": "cí",
"word": "瓷"
},
{
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "穩固"
},
{
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "稳固"
},
{
"word": "結實"
},
{
"word": "结实"
},
{
"roman": "jǐnshí",
"word": "緊實"
},
{
"roman": "jǐnshí",
"word": "紧实"
},
{
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "鞏固"
},
{
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "巩固"
}
],
"word": "鞏"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～國",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～國",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～縣",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～縣",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～州",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～州",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～州",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～州",
"path": [
"鞏"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "鞏",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.