See startle on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for startle meaning in All languages combined (18.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "startling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "startlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English startlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertlen"
},
"expansion": "stertlen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertyllen",
"t": "to rush, stumble along"
},
"expansion": "stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "steartlian",
"t": "to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "start + -le",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to hobble, stagger"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to straighten up, erect"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertil",
"t": "hasty"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stertil (“hasty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start"
},
"expansion": "start",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English startlen, stertlen, stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”), from Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”), equivalent to start + -le. Cognate with Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”), Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”). Compare also Middle English stertil (“hasty”). More at start.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "startles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "startling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "startled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "startled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "startle (third-person singular simple present startles, present participle startling, simple past and past participle startled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 43 24 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 47 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 44 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a horse that startles easily",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start."
],
"id": "en-startle-en-verb-mgw-Xoi5",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"excited",
"excited"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "79 21 0",
"sense": "to move suddenly",
"word": "start"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 43 2",
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "alarm"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 43 2",
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "frighten"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 43 2",
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "scare"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 43 2",
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "surprise"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strjaskam se",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "стряскам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "leknout se"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "polekat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "schrikken"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "hätkähtää"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "kavahtaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "säikähtää"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sursauter"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "aufschrecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "scheuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hizda'zá'",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "הִזְדַּעֲזַע"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "scattare"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sobbalzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "daçllekandin",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "داچڵەکاندن"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "ohomauri"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "whakapererū"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "tumeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "wareeruu"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sobresaltarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "alarmarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "espantarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 35 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sobresaltar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, R. L. Stine, Say Cheese and Die, Again!",
"text": "The high voice in the night air startled me. Without thinking, I started to run. Then stopped. I spun around, my heart heaving against my chest. And saw a boy. About my age.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise."
],
"id": "en-startle-en-verb--0cS~XxZ",
"links": [
[
"excite",
"excite"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
],
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fājaʔa",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "فَاجَأَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bāḡaṯa",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "بَاغَثَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plaša",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "плаша"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "嚇了一跳"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xià le yí tiào",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "吓了一跳"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vylekat"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "polekat"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "laten schrikken"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "verschrikken"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "alarmi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "säikäyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "hätkäyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "surprendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xafniázo",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "ξαφνιάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aifnidiázo",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "αιφνιδιάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hevhil",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הבהיל"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "spaventare"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"alt": "おどかす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "odokasu",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "脅かす"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "aturvar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "consternō"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "pavefaciō"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "whakapereru"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "assustar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "dar um susto"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pugátʹ",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пуга́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispugátʹ",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испуга́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napugátʹ",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "напуга́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "spritta"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam dtòk jai",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "ความตกใจ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 85 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zljakáty",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зляка́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1660, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, The Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England",
"text": "it would blast all their hopes, and startle all other princes from joining",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days",
"text": "As they turned into Hertford Street they startled a robin from the poet's head on a barren fountain, and he fled away with a cameo note.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deter; to cause to deviate."
],
"id": "en-startle-en-verb-e6erQYHV",
"links": [
[
"deter",
"deter"
],
[
"deviate",
"deviate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To deter; to cause to deviate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 94",
"sense": "deter",
"word": "deter"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odstrašit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zastrašit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "harhauttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "schivare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "evitare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "terreō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "impedir"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑːt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)təl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-startle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Startle (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "startle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "startlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English startlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertlen"
},
"expansion": "stertlen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertyllen",
"t": "to rush, stumble along"
},
"expansion": "stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "steartlian",
"t": "to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "start + -le",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to hobble, stagger"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to straighten up, erect"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertil",
"t": "hasty"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stertil (“hasty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start"
},
"expansion": "start",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English startlen, stertlen, stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”), from Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”), equivalent to start + -le. Cognate with Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”), Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”). Compare also Middle English stertil (“hasty”). More at start.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "startles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "startle (plural startles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "startler"
},
{
"word": "startlish"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, George Hooker Colton, James Davenport Whelpley, chapter 1, in The American review",
"text": "The figure of a man heaving in sight amidst these wide solitudes, always causes a startle and thrill of expectation and doubt, similar to the feeling produced by the announcement of \" a strange sail ahead\" on shipboard, during a long voyage.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden motion or shock caused by an unexpected alarm, surprise, or apprehension of danger."
],
"id": "en-startle-en-noun-SYfMxvYF",
"links": [
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "skittish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uplaha",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уплаха"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šok",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шок"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leknutí"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"word": "hätkähdys"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "raçenîn",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"word": "ڕاچەنین"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispug",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "испуг"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobresalto"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑːt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)təl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-startle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Startle (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "startle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English frequentative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)təl",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)təl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "startling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "startlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English startlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertlen"
},
"expansion": "stertlen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertyllen",
"t": "to rush, stumble along"
},
"expansion": "stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "steartlian",
"t": "to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "start + -le",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to hobble, stagger"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to straighten up, erect"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertil",
"t": "hasty"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stertil (“hasty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start"
},
"expansion": "start",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English startlen, stertlen, stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”), from Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”), equivalent to start + -le. Cognate with Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”), Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”). Compare also Middle English stertil (“hasty”). More at start.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "startles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "startling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "startled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "startled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "startle (third-person singular simple present startles, present participle startling, simple past and past participle startled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a horse that startles easily",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"excited",
"excited"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, R. L. Stine, Say Cheese and Die, Again!",
"text": "The high voice in the night air startled me. Without thinking, I started to run. Then stopped. I spun around, my heart heaving against my chest. And saw a boy. About my age.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise."
],
"links": [
[
"excite",
"excite"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
],
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1660, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, The Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England",
"text": "it would blast all their hopes, and startle all other princes from joining",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days",
"text": "As they turned into Hertford Street they startled a robin from the poet's head on a barren fountain, and he fled away with a cameo note.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deter; to cause to deviate."
],
"links": [
[
"deter",
"deter"
],
[
"deviate",
"deviate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To deter; to cause to deviate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑːt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)təl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-startle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to move suddenly",
"word": "start"
},
{
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "alarm"
},
{
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "frighten"
},
{
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "scare"
},
{
"sense": "to excite suddenly",
"word": "surprise"
},
{
"sense": "deter",
"word": "deter"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strjaskam se",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "стряскам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "leknout se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "polekat se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "schrikken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "hätkähtää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "kavahtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "säikähtää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sursauter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "aufschrecken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "scheuen"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hizda'zá'",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "הִזְדַּעֲזַע"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "scattare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sobbalzare"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "daçllekandin",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "داچڵەکاندن"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "ohomauri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "whakapererū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "tumeke"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "wareeruu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sobresaltarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "alarmarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "espantarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or be excited on feeling alarm",
"word": "sobresaltar"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fājaʔa",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "فَاجَأَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bāḡaṯa",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "بَاغَثَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plaša",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "плаша"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "嚇了一跳"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xià le yí tiào",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "吓了一跳"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vylekat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "polekat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "laten schrikken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "verschrikken"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "alarmi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "säikäyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "hätkäyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "surprendre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xafniázo",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "ξαφνιάζω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aifnidiázo",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "αιφνιδιάζω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hevhil",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הבהיל"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "spaventare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"alt": "おどかす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "odokasu",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "脅かす"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "aturvar"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "consternō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "pavefaciō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "whakapereru"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "assustar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "dar um susto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pugátʹ",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пуга́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispugátʹ",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испуга́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napugátʹ",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "напуга́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "spritta"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam dtòk jai",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"word": "ความตกใจ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zljakáty",
"sense": "to excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зляка́ти"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odstrašit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zastrašit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "harhauttaa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "schivare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "evitare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "terreō"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to deter; to cause to deviate",
"word": "impedir"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Startle (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "startle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English frequentative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)təl",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)təl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "startler"
},
{
"word": "startlish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "startlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English startlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertlen"
},
"expansion": "stertlen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertyllen",
"t": "to rush, stumble along"
},
"expansion": "stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "steartlian",
"t": "to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "start + -le",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to hobble, stagger"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stirtla",
"t": "to straighten up, erect"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stertil",
"t": "hasty"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stertil (“hasty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "start"
},
"expansion": "start",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English startlen, stertlen, stertyllen (“to rush, stumble along”), from Old English steartlian (“to kick with the foot, struggle, stumble”), equivalent to start + -le. Cognate with Old Norse stirtla (“to hobble, stagger”), Icelandic stirtla (“to straighten up, erect”). Compare also Middle English stertil (“hasty”). More at start.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "startles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "startle (plural startles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "skittish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, George Hooker Colton, James Davenport Whelpley, chapter 1, in The American review",
"text": "The figure of a man heaving in sight amidst these wide solitudes, always causes a startle and thrill of expectation and doubt, similar to the feeling produced by the announcement of \" a strange sail ahead\" on shipboard, during a long voyage.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden motion or shock caused by an unexpected alarm, surprise, or apprehension of danger."
],
"links": [
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑːt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)təl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-startle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-startle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uplaha",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уплаха"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šok",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шок"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leknutí"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"word": "hätkähdys"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "raçenîn",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"word": "ڕاچەنین"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispug",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "испуг"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a sudden motion or shock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobresalto"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Startle (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "startle"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.