See spina on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna",
"4": "",
"5": "a thorn; a prickle, spine"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spine"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of spine",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine”). Doublet of spine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spinae"
},
"expansion": "spina (plural spinae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spina bifida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spina externa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spina interna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "en:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 43 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spine; the backbone."
],
"id": "en-spina-en-noun-RfOZsHMh",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A spine; the backbone."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical instruments",
"orig": "en:Musical instruments",
"parents": [
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 43 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the quills of a spinet."
],
"id": "en-spina-en-noun-5I3rszxG",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"quill",
"quill"
],
[
"spinet",
"spinet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) One of the quills of a spinet."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 43 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A barrier dividing the Ancient Roman hippodrome longitudinally."
],
"id": "en-spina-en-noun-0q7hiGOQ",
"links": [
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"Ancient Roman",
"Ancient Roman"
],
[
"hippodrome",
"hippodrome"
],
[
"longitudinally",
"longitudinally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A barrier dividing the Ancient Roman hippodrome longitudinally."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspaɪ.nə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnə"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "spino",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "spino + -a",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From spino + -a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spina (accusative singular spinan, plural spinaj, accusative plural spinajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto terms suffixed with -a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 5 16 16 10 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 4 16 16 9 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 5 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spinal"
],
"id": "en-spina-eo-adj-ZnZAMxAu",
"links": [
[
"spinal",
"spinal#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspina]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinu",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f1-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "spinu",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "spina f (genitive singular spinu, uncountable)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spin"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f1-s"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fo",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "fo:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 5 16 16 10 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 4 16 16 9 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 5 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sperm"
],
"id": "en-spina-fo-noun-atxFLWt0",
"links": [
[
"sperm",
"sperm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sáð"
},
{
"word": "spin"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspiːna/"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "spìneus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "spìneus",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "spina (plural spìneus)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pms"
},
"expansion": "(Piemontais)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "thorn",
"word": "èpena"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Franco-Provençal entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Piemontais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of èpena (“thorn”)"
],
"id": "en-spina-frp-noun-bNShhZ9U",
"links": [
[
"èpena",
"èpena#Franco-Provençal"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speyneh₂",
"4": "*spey-neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey-neh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey-neh₂, derived from the root *spey- (“long; thin; sharp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spini",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "spini",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "spina f (plural spini)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "spini"
},
"expansion": "spina f (plural spini)",
"name": "sdn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gallurese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 5 16 16 10 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 4 16 16 9 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 5 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"id": "en-spina-sdn-noun-BJruvsjr",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspina/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃpina/",
"note": "Calangianus, Sant'Antonio di Gallura"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "draught/draft beer",
"word": "birra alla spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spina dorsale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spinale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spinarolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spinoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tenere sulle spine"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spine",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinétta",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "spinétta"
},
"expansion": "spina f (plural spine, diminutive spinétta)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spino"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"id": "en-spina-it-noun-BJruvsjr",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 43 13 7 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 74 6 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spine, prickle"
],
"id": "en-spina-it-noun-w0MW~HPf",
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plug (electrical)"
],
"id": "en-spina-it-noun-rJwsRQVM",
"links": [
[
"plug",
"plug"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bone (of fish)"
],
"id": "en-spina-it-noun-1sY5XwUt",
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bunghole"
],
"id": "en-spina-it-noun-nOZYeMkj",
"links": [
[
"bunghole",
"bunghole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnēscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnētum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Spīniēnsis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīniger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "èpena"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: èpena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: èpena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "spaina"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: spaina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: spaina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Italian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "espine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "spine"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: spine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: spine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "spina",
"3": "spegna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: spina, spegna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: spina, spegna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-sro",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Campidanese: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Campidanese: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-src",
"2": "ispina"
},
"expansion": "Logudorese: ispina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Logudorese: ispina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "espinha"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shpinë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shpinë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shpinë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "spín",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: spín",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: spín"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "spíon"
},
"expansion": "Irish: spíon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: spíon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "spìon"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spyne",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spina",
"id": "latinateback",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: spina (learned)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīneola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsulus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-jG9n3Czn",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"whitethorn",
"whitethorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"blackthorn",
"blackthorn"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Nature",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 24 9 3 5 25 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-UAtu2C0d",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Nature",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 24 9 3 5 25 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fishbone"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-qMomtcRQ",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a fishbone"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "la:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the backbone, spine"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-5P69ZInn",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(anatomy) the backbone, spine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-SG96U9Fp",
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"circus",
"circus"
],
[
"racecourse",
"racecourse#English"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a toothpick"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-5XO8-MWN",
"links": [
[
"toothpick",
"toothpick"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a toothpick"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 24 9 3 5 25 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 9 10 11 11 17 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.15.19",
"text": "Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.\nThe way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.\n(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-Yvsjjxj7",
"links": [
[
"thorns",
"thorns"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
],
[
"subtleties",
"subtleties"
],
[
"perplexities",
"perplexities"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
],
[
"debating",
"debating"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"(Classical Latin, Medieval Latin) thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cares"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun--ptvvpmX",
"links": [
[
"cares",
"cares"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"cares"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"errors"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-vkvVZ3J3",
"links": [
[
"errors",
"errors"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"errors"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠piːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "spina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "spyne"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 5 16 16 10 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 4 16 16 9 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 5 1 1 11 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of spyne"
],
"id": "en-spina-enm-noun-CF01owGd",
"links": [
[
"spyne",
"spyne#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verbback"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spinać się"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal of spinać się",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal of spinać się.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 16 20 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 27 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 19 9 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "pl:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 29 27 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "pl:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sudden jitters or anxiety"
],
"id": "en-spina-pl-noun-2a6Pxqyq",
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden"
],
[
"jitters",
"jitters"
],
[
"anxiety",
"anxiety"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) sudden jitters or anxiety"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spinka"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation of spinka",
"name": "bf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation of spinka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 16 20 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 27 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 57 11 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fasteners",
"orig": "pl:Fasteners",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 29 27 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "pl:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "fastener",
"word": "spinka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Augmentative of spinka (“fastener”)"
],
"id": "en-spina-pl-noun-tG2tz06j",
"links": [
[
"spinka",
"spinka#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Augmentative of spinka (“fastener”)"
],
"tags": [
"augmentative",
"dated",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "спі́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: спі́на (spína)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: спі́на (spína)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "spina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "спина́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: спина́ (spiná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: спина́ (spiná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "спи́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: спи́на (spýna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: спи́на (spýna)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "latinateback"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin spīna",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin spīna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 16 20 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 27 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 29 27 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "pl:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spine, vertebral column"
],
"id": "en-spina-pl-noun-oJ-HZLyP",
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"vertebral column",
"vertebral column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) spine, vertebral column"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "szpiczasty"
},
{
"word": "szpic"
},
{
"word": "szpica"
},
{
"word": "szpilka"
},
{
"word": "szprycha"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kręgosłup"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "spina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 16 20 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 29 27 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "pl:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "spinać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of spinać"
],
"id": "en-spina-pl-verb-micOjTJV",
"links": [
[
"spinać",
"spinać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnə",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnə/2 syllables",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna",
"4": "",
"5": "a thorn; a prickle, spine"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spine"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of spine",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine”). Doublet of spine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spinae"
},
"expansion": "spina (plural spinae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spina bifida"
},
{
"word": "spina externa"
},
{
"word": "spina interna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Skeleton"
],
"glosses": [
"A spine; the backbone."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A spine; the backbone."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Musical instruments"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the quills of a spinet."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"quill",
"quill"
],
[
"spinet",
"spinet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) One of the quills of a spinet."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A barrier dividing the Ancient Roman hippodrome longitudinally."
],
"links": [
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"Ancient Roman",
"Ancient Roman"
],
[
"hippodrome",
"hippodrome"
],
[
"longitudinally",
"longitudinally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A barrier dividing the Ancient Roman hippodrome longitudinally."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspaɪ.nə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnə"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "spino",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "spino + -a",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From spino + -a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spina (accusative singular spinan, plural spinaj, accusative plural spinajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto adjectives",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto terms suffixed with -a",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ina"
],
"glosses": [
"spinal"
],
"links": [
[
"spinal",
"spinal#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspina]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "spinu",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f1-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "spinu",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "spina f (genitive singular spinu, uncountable)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spin"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f1-s"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese feminine nouns",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese nouns",
"Faroese uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fo:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"sperm"
],
"links": [
[
"sperm",
"sperm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspiːna/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sáð"
},
{
"word": "spin"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "spìneus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "spìneus",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "spina (plural spìneus)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pms"
},
"expansion": "(Piemontais)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "thorn",
"word": "èpena"
}
],
"categories": [
"Franco-Provençal alternative forms",
"Franco-Provençal entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Piemontais"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of èpena (“thorn”)"
],
"links": [
[
"èpena",
"èpena#Franco-Provençal"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speyneh₂",
"4": "*spey-neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey-neh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey-neh₂, derived from the root *spey- (“long; thin; sharp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spini",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdn",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "spini",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "spina f (plural spini)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "spini"
},
"expansion": "spina f (plural spini)",
"name": "sdn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gallurese entries with incorrect language header",
"Gallurese feminine nouns",
"Gallurese lemmas",
"Gallurese nouns",
"Gallurese terms derived from Classical Latin",
"Gallurese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Gallurese terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Gallurese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
"Gallurese terms inherited from Classical Latin",
"Gallurese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Gallurese terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspina/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃpina/",
"note": "Calangianus, Sant'Antonio di Gallura"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina/2 syllables",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "draught/draft beer",
"word": "birra alla spina"
},
{
"word": "spina dorsale"
},
{
"word": "spinale"
},
{
"word": "spinarolo"
},
{
"word": "spinoso"
},
{
"word": "tenere sulle spine"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spine",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinétta",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "spinétta"
},
"expansion": "spina f (plural spine, diminutive spinétta)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spino"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spine, prickle"
],
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plug (electrical)"
],
"links": [
[
"plug",
"plug"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bone (of fish)"
],
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bunghole"
],
"links": [
[
"bunghole",
"bunghole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin links with manual fragments",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for quotations in Latin",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spīnālis"
},
{
"word": "spīnēscō"
},
{
"word": "spīnētum"
},
{
"word": "spīneus"
},
{
"word": "Spīniēnsis"
},
{
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"word": "spīniger"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"word": "spīnula"
},
{
"word": "spīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "èpena"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: èpena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: èpena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "spaina"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: spaina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: spaina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Italian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "espine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "spine"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: spine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: spine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "spina",
"3": "spegna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: spina, spegna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: spina, spegna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-sro",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Campidanese: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Campidanese: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-src",
"2": "ispina"
},
"expansion": "Logudorese: ispina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Logudorese: ispina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "espinha"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shpinë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shpinë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shpinë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "spín",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: spín",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: spín"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "spíon"
},
"expansion": "Irish: spíon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: spíon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "spìon"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spyne",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spina",
"id": "latinateback",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: spina (learned)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spīnea"
},
{
"word": "spīneola"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsitās"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsulus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"whitethorn",
"whitethorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"blackthorn",
"blackthorn"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Animal body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Animal body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"a fishbone"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a fishbone"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Skeleton"
],
"glosses": [
"the backbone, spine"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(anatomy) the backbone, spine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"circus",
"circus"
],
[
"racecourse",
"racecourse#English"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a toothpick"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"toothpick",
"toothpick"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a toothpick"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Latin",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.15.19",
"text": "Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.\nThe way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.\n(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"thorns",
"thorns"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
],
[
"subtleties",
"subtleties"
],
[
"perplexities",
"perplexities"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
],
[
"debating",
"debating"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"(Classical Latin, Medieval Latin) thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cares"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"cares",
"cares"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"cares"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"errors"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"errors",
"errors"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"errors"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠piːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "spina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "spyne"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of spyne"
],
"links": [
[
"spyne",
"spyne#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina/2 syllables",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verbback"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spinać się"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal of spinać się",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal of spinać się.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"sudden jitters or anxiety"
],
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden"
],
[
"jitters",
"jitters"
],
[
"anxiety",
"anxiety"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) sudden jitters or anxiety"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish back-formations",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina/2 syllables",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spinka"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation of spinka",
"name": "bf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation of spinka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish augmentative nouns",
"Polish dated terms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "fastener",
"word": "spinka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Augmentative of spinka (“fastener”)"
],
"links": [
[
"spinka",
"spinka#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Augmentative of spinka (“fastener”)"
],
"tags": [
"augmentative",
"dated",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina/2 syllables",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "спі́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: спі́на (spína)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: спі́на (spína)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "spina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "спина́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: спина́ (spiná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: спина́ (spiná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "спи́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: спи́на (spýna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: спи́на (spýna)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "latinateback"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin spīna",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin spīna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spiną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spinie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spinach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spiny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "spina f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "szpiczasty"
},
{
"word": "szpic"
},
{
"word": "szpica"
},
{
"word": "szpilka"
},
{
"word": "szprycha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish obsolete terms"
],
"glosses": [
"spine, vertebral column"
],
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"vertebral column",
"vertebral column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) spine, vertebral column"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kręgosłup"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina/2 syllables",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "spina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spi‧na"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "spinać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of spinać"
],
"links": [
[
"spinać",
"spinać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spina meaning in All languages combined (31.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'f1s'",
"path": [
"spina"
],
"section": "Faroese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'f1s'",
"path": [
"spina"
],
"section": "Faroese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, spina/Latin",
"path": [
"spina"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spina",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.