See spina in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīneola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnēscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnētum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Spīniēnsis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Spīniensis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīniger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnulentus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "èpena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "spina"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "épingne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "épine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "espine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "spyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "espine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "espina"
}
],
"lang": "Occitano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "spine"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "spegna"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Campidanese",
"lang_code": "sc-sro",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Logudorese",
"lang_code": "sc-src",
"word": "ispina"
}
],
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"raw_tags": [
"Lagarteiru"
],
"word": "ispiña"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "espinha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "espinha"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "espina"
}
],
"lang": "West Iberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "shpinë"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "spíon"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "spìon"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "spín"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spyne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spyn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "spina"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*speinā",
"id": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spina\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"thorn\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"spina\" id=\"Latin:_thorn\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"links": [
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnārum",
"links": [
[
"spīnārum",
"spinarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"links": [
[
"spīnīs",
"spinis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnam",
"links": [
[
"spīnam",
"spinam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnās",
"links": [
[
"spīnās",
"spinas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnā",
"links": [
[
"spīnā",
"spina#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"links": [
[
"spīnīs",
"spinis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"links": [
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 9 8 9 14 8 14 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 12 12 11 7 9 8 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-BJruvsjr",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) thorn"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thorny tree or shrub"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-eDTaW-F7",
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 12 12 11 7 9 8 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; spine; prickle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-WffZd3eX",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) thorn; spine; prickle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 12 12 11 7 9 8 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fishbone"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-D2u2rnOU",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) fishbone"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "la:Skeleton",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 12 12 11 7 9 8 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"backbone; spine"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-BybKD9y2",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(anatomy) backbone; spine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 9 8 9 14 8 14 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barrier (low wall along the centre of the circus racecourse)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-Yfg0A5N4",
"links": [
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"wall",
"wall#English"
],
[
"circus",
"circus#English"
],
[
"racecourse",
"racecourse#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"barrier (low wall along the centre of the circus racecourse)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a toothpick"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-5XO8-MWN",
"links": [
[
"toothpick",
"toothpick"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a toothpick"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 17 17 5 5 4 32 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 16 16 6 5 5 23 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 9 8 9 14 8 14 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 13 11 5 7 8 19 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.15.19",
"text": "Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.\nThe way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.\n(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorns; difficulties; subtleties; perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-kF5H4KzG",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
],
[
"subtleties",
"subtlety"
],
[
"perplexities",
"perplexities"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
],
[
"debating",
"debating"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural):",
"thorns; difficulties; subtleties; perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 12 12 11 7 9 8 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cares"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun--ptvvpmX",
"links": [
[
"cares",
"cares"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural):",
"cares"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 12 12 11 7 9 8 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"errors"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-vkvVZ3J3",
"links": [
[
"errors",
"errors"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural):",
"errors"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin links with manual fragments",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for quotations in Latin",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spīnālis"
},
{
"word": "spīnea"
},
{
"word": "spīneola"
},
{
"word": "spīnēscō"
},
{
"word": "spīnētum"
},
{
"word": "spīneus"
},
{
"word": "Spīniēnsis"
},
{
"word": "Spīniensis"
},
{
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"word": "spīniger"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsitās"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsulus"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"word": "spīnula"
},
{
"word": "spīnulentus"
},
{
"word": "spīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "èpena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "spina"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "épingne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "épine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "espine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "spyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "espine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "espina"
}
],
"lang": "Occitano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "spine"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "spegna"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Campidanese",
"lang_code": "sc-sro",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Logudorese",
"lang_code": "sc-src",
"word": "ispina"
}
],
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "spina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"raw_tags": [
"Lagarteiru"
],
"word": "ispiña"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "espinha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "espinha"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "espina"
}
],
"lang": "West Iberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "shpinë"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "spíon"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "spìon"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "spín"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spyne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "spyn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "spina"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*speinā",
"id": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spina\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"thorn\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"spina\" id=\"Latin:_thorn\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"links": [
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnārum",
"links": [
[
"spīnārum",
"spinarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"links": [
[
"spīnīs",
"spinis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnam",
"links": [
[
"spīnam",
"spinam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnās",
"links": [
[
"spīnās",
"spinas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnā",
"links": [
[
"spīnā",
"spina#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"links": [
[
"spīnīs",
"spinis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"links": [
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"links": [
[
"spīnae",
"spinae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) thorn"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thorny tree or shrub"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Animal body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; spine; prickle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) thorn; spine; prickle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Animal body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"fishbone"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) fishbone"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Skeleton"
],
"glosses": [
"backbone; spine"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(anatomy) backbone; spine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"barrier (low wall along the centre of the circus racecourse)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"wall",
"wall#English"
],
[
"circus",
"circus#English"
],
[
"racecourse",
"racecourse#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"barrier (low wall along the centre of the circus racecourse)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a toothpick"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"toothpick",
"toothpick"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a toothpick"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.15.19",
"text": "Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.\nThe way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.\n(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorns; difficulties; subtleties; perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
],
[
"subtleties",
"subtlety"
],
[
"perplexities",
"perplexities"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
],
[
"debating",
"debating"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural):",
"thorns; difficulties; subtleties; perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cares"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"cares",
"cares"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural):",
"cares"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"errors"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"errors",
"errors"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural):",
"errors"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spina meaning in Latin (10.9kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, spina/Latin",
"path": [
"spina"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spina",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.