See spina in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnēscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnētum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Spīniēnsis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīniger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "èpena"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: èpena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: èpena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "spaina"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: spaina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: spaina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Italian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "espine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "spine"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: spine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: spine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "spina",
"3": "spegna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: spina, spegna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: spina, spegna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-sro",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Campidanese: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Campidanese: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-src",
"2": "ispina"
},
"expansion": "Logudorese: ispina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Logudorese: ispina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "espinha"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shpinë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shpinë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shpinë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "spín",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: spín",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: spín"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "spíon"
},
"expansion": "Irish: spíon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: spíon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "spìon"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spyne",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spina",
"id": "latinateback",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: spina (learned)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīneola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spīnōsulus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-jG9n3Czn",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"whitethorn",
"whitethorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"blackthorn",
"blackthorn"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Nature",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 24 9 3 5 25 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-UAtu2C0d",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Nature",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 24 9 3 5 25 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fishbone"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-qMomtcRQ",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a fishbone"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "la:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the backbone, spine"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-5P69ZInn",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(anatomy) the backbone, spine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-SG96U9Fp",
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"circus",
"circus"
],
[
"racecourse",
"racecourse#English"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a toothpick"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-5XO8-MWN",
"links": [
[
"toothpick",
"toothpick"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a toothpick"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 24 9 3 5 25 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 9 10 11 11 17 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 26 14 5 6 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.15.19",
"text": "Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.\nThe way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.\n(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-Yvsjjxj7",
"links": [
[
"thorns",
"thorns"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
],
[
"subtleties",
"subtleties"
],
[
"perplexities",
"perplexities"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
],
[
"debating",
"debating"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"(Classical Latin, Medieval Latin) thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cares"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun--ptvvpmX",
"links": [
[
"cares",
"cares"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"cares"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"errors"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-spina-la-noun-vkvVZ3J3",
"links": [
[
"errors",
"errors"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"errors"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠piːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin links with manual fragments",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for quotations in Latin",
"pl:Emotions",
"pl:Fasteners",
"pl:Skeleton"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spīnālis"
},
{
"word": "spīnēscō"
},
{
"word": "spīnētum"
},
{
"word": "spīneus"
},
{
"word": "Spīniēnsis"
},
{
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"word": "spīniger"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"word": "spīnula"
},
{
"word": "spīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "èpena"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: èpena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: èpena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "spaina"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: spaina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: spaina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Italian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "espine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: espine\nChampenois: épingne\nMiddle French: espine\nFrench: épine\n→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "spine"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: spine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: spine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "spina",
"3": "spegna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: spina, spegna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: spina, spegna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-sro",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Campidanese: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Campidanese: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc-src",
"2": "ispina"
},
"expansion": "Logudorese: ispina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Logudorese: ispina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "spina"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: spina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: spina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: espina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "espinha"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha\nGalician: espiña\nPortuguese: espinha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: espina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shpinë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shpinë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shpinë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "spín",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: spín",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: spín"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "spíon"
},
"expansion": "Irish: spíon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: spíon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "spìon"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: spìon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spyne",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)\nEnglish: spine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spina",
"id": "latinateback",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: spina (learned)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spīnea"
},
{
"word": "spīneola"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsitās"
},
{
"word": "spīnōsulus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"whitethorn",
"whitethorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"blackthorn",
"blackthorn"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) a thorn or a thorny tree or shrub, such as whitethorn, hawthorn, or blackthorn"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Animal body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a thorn, spine, prickle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Animal body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"a fishbone"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(zootomy) a fishbone"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Skeleton"
],
"glosses": [
"the backbone, spine"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(anatomy) the backbone, spine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"circus",
"circus"
],
[
"racecourse",
"racecourse#English"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a low wall along the centre of a circus (racecourse); a barrier"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a toothpick"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"toothpick",
"toothpick"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a toothpick"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Latin",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.15.19",
"text": "Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.\nThe way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.\n(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"thorns",
"thorns"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
],
[
"subtleties",
"subtleties"
],
[
"perplexities",
"perplexities"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
],
[
"debating",
"debating"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"(Classical Latin, Medieval Latin) thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cares"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"cares",
"cares"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"cares"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"errors"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"errors",
"errors"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural)",
"errors"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠piːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "spina"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spina meaning in Latin (10.7kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, spina/Latin",
"path": [
"spina"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spina",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.