See shall on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shalbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shalln't"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shan't"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "man shall not live by bread alone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "never the twain shall meet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "seek and ye shall find"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shall I say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shall-issue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shall we say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "speak of the devil and he shall appear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "this too shall pass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "this too shall pass away"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: sa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċeal"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċeal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skulan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skulan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to owe, be under obligation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to owe, be under obligation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sall"
},
"expansion": "Scots sall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sil"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "schall"
},
"expansion": "Low German schall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "soll"
},
"expansion": "German soll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skal"
},
"expansion": "Danish skal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skal"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "sal"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans sal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skall",
"3": "",
"4": "shall"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skall (“shall”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schal (infinitive schulen), from Old English sċeal (infinitive sċulan (“should, must”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skal (infinitive *skulaną), from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to owe, be under obligation”).\nCognate with Scots sall, sal (“shall”), West Frisian sil (infinitive sille (“shall”)), Dutch zal (infinitive zullen (“shall”)), Low German schall (infinitive schölen (“shall”)), German soll (infinitive sollen (“ought to”)), Danish skal (infinitive skulle (“shall”)), Icelandic skal (infinitive skulu (“shall”)), Afrikaans sal, Swedish skall (“shall”) (infinitive skola).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shall",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "should",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shall",
"2": "-",
"3": "should",
"4": "-"
},
"expansion": "shall (third-person singular simple present shall, no present participle, simple past should, no past participle)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "must"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ought"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "should"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "will"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 27 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 20 37 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 25 26 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I shall sing in the choir tomorrow.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I hope that we shall win the game.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "\"Then, having used up the powers of the Golden Cap, I shall give it to the King of the Monkeys, that he and his band may thereafter be free for evermore.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used before a verb to indicate the simple future tense in the first person singular or plural."
],
"id": "en-shall-en-verb-TYwBSSyF",
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "zullen"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "Use the present tense or use personal olla + present active participle",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Laulan huomenna or Olen laulava huomenna",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Je chanterai demain",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Canterò domani",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "akan"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "skal"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "sculan"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "skulan"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "powinno się"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "Use the future tense of the verb or present indicative of ir + the infinitive or the verb \"haver de\" in the present + infinitive",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "Use the future perfective or use the future of быть (bytʹ) + imperfective infinitive",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "I will go to the post office — Я пойду́ на по́чту",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "I will be going to the post office — Я бу́ду идти́ на по́чту",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "I will be going back and forth to the post office — Я буду ходи́ть на по́чту",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "sall"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"note": "Use the future perfective or use the future of byť + imperfective infinitive",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Cantaré mañana",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "as often in English",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "everyday-sounding alternative form",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "ska"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 10 19 3",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "sille"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 53 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 47 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 14 44 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 11 57 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 44 23 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 41 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 47 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 39 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 52 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 52 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 27 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 20 37 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 41 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Saxon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 34 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 52 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 40 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scots translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 37 22 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(determination): You shall go to the ball!"
},
{
"text": "(obligation): Citizens shall provide proof of identity."
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 21:25, column 1:",
"text": "And the gates of it ſhall not bee ſhut at all by day: foꝛ there ſhall bee no night there.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Section 1”, in Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918ᵂⁱᵏⁱˢᵒᵘʳᶜᵉ, page 1:",
"text": "A woman shall not be disqualified by sex or marriage for being elected to or sitting or voting as a Member of the Commons House of Parliament.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used similarly to indicate determination or obligation in the second and third persons singular or plural."
],
"id": "en-shall-en-verb-GBSzkb5s",
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "-u"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "use genitive + impersonal olla + present active participle or use genitive + tulee/täytyy/pitää + first infinitive",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "You shall go to the ball! - Sinun on mentävä juhlaan! or Sinun pitää mennä juhlaan!",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "Citizens shall provide identity - Kansalaisten on esitettävä henkilöllisyytensä or Kansalaisten tulee esittää henkilöllisyytensä",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "(indicating determination) shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "which can be emphasised using \"bien\" or a similar adverbial construction",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"english": "indicating obligation",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "être obligé de"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "You shall go to the ball! - Mais tu iras bien au bal! or Ah oui",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "tu iras au bal!"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "Citizens shall provide identity - Les citoyens doivent fournir une pièce d'identité or Les citoyens sont obligés de fournir une pièce d'identité",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "(indicating determination) shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "which can be emphasised using \"sì che\" or a similar adverbial construction",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "it",
"english": "indicating obligation",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "essere obbligato di"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "You shall go to the ball! - Sì che andrai al ballo!",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "Citizens shall provide identity - I cittadini devono fornire identificazione or I cittadini sono obbligati a fornire identificazione",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-ya doeda",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "야 되다"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-ya hada",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "야 하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "debeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "precisar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžná",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "должна́"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžnó",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "должно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžný",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "должны́"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "as often in English",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 75 7 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "everyday-sounding alternative form",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "ska"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 27 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 20 37 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Shall I help you with that?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Shall we go out later?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Let us examine that, shall we?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in questions with the first person singular or plural to suggest a possible future action."
],
"id": "en-shall-en-verb-fXDqfiYO",
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "use conditional tense + -ko",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "Shall we go out later? - Menisimmekö ulos myöhemmin? (yhdessä)",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated by si and the imperfect tense",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "or"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "informally"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "without si and with the present tense",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "Shall we go out later? - Si nous sortions plus tard? or Sortons plus tard?",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated by the present tense",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "Shall we go out later? - Usciamo più tardi?",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-yōka",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ようか"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-mashōka",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ましょうか"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-lkka",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ᆯ까"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-lkkayo",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ᆯ까요"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "Use the imperative tense of the verb or present indicative of ir + the infinitive",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "sv",
"english": "everyday-sounding",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ska"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 7 80 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "skall"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To owe."
],
"id": "en-shall-en-verb-rz1SKEAI",
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To owe."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃæl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shall.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-us-shall.ogg/En-us-shall.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-us-shall.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃ(ə)/",
"note": "pre-consonantal only"
},
{
"audio": "en-US shall (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-US_shall_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_shall_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-US_shall_%28unstressed%29.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æl stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shall and will",
"shall"
],
"word": "shall"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ota",
"3": "شال",
"tr": "şal"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish شال (şal)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish شال (şal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shalle",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shalli",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "shallet",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "shall m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "shalle",
"3": "shalli",
"4": "shallet"
},
"expansion": "shall m (plural shalle, definite shalli, definite plural shallet)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shawl"
],
"id": "en-shall-sq-noun-qd0ergmk",
"links": [
[
"shawl",
"shawl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scarf"
],
"id": "en-shall-sq-noun-tKjTHYoR",
"links": [
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "shall"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "shall",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "shell"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To whom shall I make my redress?",
"ref": "1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:",
"text": "To fho shall ich maake mee redress?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of shell"
],
"id": "en-shall-yol-verb-0ZtMNpWS",
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell#Yola"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "shall"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine nouns",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"Albanian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ota",
"3": "شال",
"tr": "şal"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish شال (şal)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish شال (şal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shalle",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shalli",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "shallet",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "shall m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "shalle",
"3": "shalli",
"4": "shallet"
},
"expansion": "shall m (plural shalle, definite shalli, definite plural shallet)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shawl"
],
"links": [
[
"shawl",
"shawl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scarf"
],
"links": [
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "shall"
}
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æl",
"Rhymes:English/æl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Saxon translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "shalbe"
},
{
"word": "shalln't"
},
{
"word": "shan't"
},
{
"word": "man shall not live by bread alone"
},
{
"word": "never the twain shall meet"
},
{
"word": "seek and ye shall find"
},
{
"word": "shall I say"
},
{
"word": "shall-issue"
},
{
"word": "shall we say"
},
{
"word": "speak of the devil and he shall appear"
},
{
"word": "this too shall pass"
},
{
"word": "this too shall pass away"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: sa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċeal"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċeal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skulan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skulan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to owe, be under obligation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to owe, be under obligation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sall"
},
"expansion": "Scots sall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sil"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "schall"
},
"expansion": "Low German schall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "soll"
},
"expansion": "German soll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skal"
},
"expansion": "Danish skal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skal"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "sal"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans sal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skall",
"3": "",
"4": "shall"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skall (“shall”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schal (infinitive schulen), from Old English sċeal (infinitive sċulan (“should, must”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skal (infinitive *skulaną), from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to owe, be under obligation”).\nCognate with Scots sall, sal (“shall”), West Frisian sil (infinitive sille (“shall”)), Dutch zal (infinitive zullen (“shall”)), Low German schall (infinitive schölen (“shall”)), German soll (infinitive sollen (“ought to”)), Danish skal (infinitive skulle (“shall”)), Icelandic skal (infinitive skulu (“shall”)), Afrikaans sal, Swedish skall (“shall”) (infinitive skola).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shall",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "should",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shall",
"2": "-",
"3": "should",
"4": "-"
},
"expansion": "shall (third-person singular simple present shall, no present participle, simple past should, no past participle)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "must"
},
{
"word": "ought"
},
{
"word": "should"
},
{
"word": "will"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I shall sing in the choir tomorrow.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I hope that we shall win the game.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "\"Then, having used up the powers of the Golden Cap, I shall give it to the King of the Monkeys, that he and his band may thereafter be free for evermore.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used before a verb to indicate the simple future tense in the first person singular or plural."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(determination): You shall go to the ball!"
},
{
"text": "(obligation): Citizens shall provide proof of identity."
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 21:25, column 1:",
"text": "And the gates of it ſhall not bee ſhut at all by day: foꝛ there ſhall bee no night there.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Section 1”, in Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918ᵂⁱᵏⁱˢᵒᵘʳᶜᵉ, page 1:",
"text": "A woman shall not be disqualified by sex or marriage for being elected to or sitting or voting as a Member of the Commons House of Parliament.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used similarly to indicate determination or obligation in the second and third persons singular or plural."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Shall I help you with that?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Shall we go out later?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Let us examine that, shall we?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in questions with the first person singular or plural to suggest a possible future action."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To owe."
],
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To owe."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃæl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shall.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-us-shall.ogg/En-us-shall.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-us-shall.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃ(ə)/",
"note": "pre-consonantal only"
},
{
"audio": "en-US shall (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-US_shall_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_shall_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-US_shall_%28unstressed%29.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æl stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "zullen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "Use the present tense or use personal olla + present active participle",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Laulan huomenna or Olen laulava huomenna",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Je chanterai demain",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "werden"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Canterò domani",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "akan"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "skal"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "sculan"
},
{
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "skulan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "powinno się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "Use the future tense of the verb or present indicative of ir + the infinitive or the verb \"haver de\" in the present + infinitive",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "Use the future perfective or use the future of быть (bytʹ) + imperfective infinitive",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "I will go to the post office — Я пойду́ на по́чту",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "I will be going to the post office — Я бу́ду идти́ на по́чту",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "I will be going back and forth to the post office — Я буду ходи́ть на по́чту",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "sall"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"note": "Use the future perfective or use the future of byť + imperfective infinitive",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "I shall sing tomorrow - Cantaré mañana",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "as often in English",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "everyday-sounding alternative form",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "ska"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "indicating the simple future tense",
"word": "sille"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "-u"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "use genitive + impersonal olla + present active participle or use genitive + tulee/täytyy/pitää + first infinitive",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "You shall go to the ball! - Sinun on mentävä juhlaan! or Sinun pitää mennä juhlaan!",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "Citizens shall provide identity - Kansalaisten on esitettävä henkilöllisyytensä or Kansalaisten tulee esittää henkilöllisyytensä",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "(indicating determination) shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "which can be emphasised using \"bien\" or a similar adverbial construction",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "indicating obligation",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "être obligé de"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "You shall go to the ball! - Mais tu iras bien au bal! or Ah oui",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "tu iras au bal!"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "Citizens shall provide identity - Les citoyens doivent fournir une pièce d'identité or Les citoyens sont obligés de fournir une pièce d'identité",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "(indicating determination) shall followed by the infinitive is translated using the future tense",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "which can be emphasised using \"sì che\" or a similar adverbial construction",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "it",
"english": "indicating obligation",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "essere obbligato di"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "You shall go to the ball! - Sì che andrai al ballo!",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "Citizens shall provide identity - I cittadini devono fornire identificazione or I cittadini sono obbligati a fornire identificazione",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-ya doeda",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "야 되다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-ya hada",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "야 하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "debeo"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "precisar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžná",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "должна́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžnó",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "должно́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžný",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "должны́"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "as often in English",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "everyday-sounding alternative form",
"sense": "indicating determination or obligation",
"word": "ska"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "use conditional tense + -ko",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "Shall we go out later? - Menisimmekö ulos myöhemmin? (yhdessä)",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated by si and the imperfect tense",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "or"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "informally"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "without si and with the present tense",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "Shall we go out later? - Si nous sortions plus tard? or Sortons plus tard?",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "shall followed by the infinitive is translated by the present tense",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "Shall we go out later? - Usciamo più tardi?",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-yōka",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ようか"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-mashōka",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ましょうか"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-lkka",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ᆯ까"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-lkkayo",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ᆯ까요"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "Use the imperative tense of the verb or present indicative of ir + the infinitive",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "everyday-sounding",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"word": "ska"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in questions to suggest a possible future action",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "skall"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shall and will",
"shall"
],
"word": "shall"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "shall",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "shell"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola terms with quotations",
"Yola verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To whom shall I make my redress?",
"ref": "1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:",
"text": "To fho shall ich maake mee redress?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of shell"
],
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell#Yola"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "shall"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shall meaning in All languages combined (20.2kB)
{
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"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
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"section": "English",
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"title": "shall",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"section": "English",
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{
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"section": "English",
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}
{
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"section": "English",
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"trace": ""
}
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"trace": ""
}
{
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/382",
"msg": "no language name in translation item: Committee members shall be at least 25 years old. - 委員は25歳以上になるものとする。",
"path": [
"shall"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "shall",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.