See skulan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for skulan meaning in Old Saxon (4.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schȫlen",
"3": "schöllen",
"4": "schullen",
"5": "sȫlen",
"6": "scölen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "schölen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "schölen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: schölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skulan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skulan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sculan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sculan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skulu"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skulu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *skulan.\nCognates\nCompare Old Dutch skulan, sulan, Old English sculan, Old High German skulan, sulan, Old Norse skulu, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-pp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skulan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skalt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skulis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skulandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skal",
"2": "skul",
"3": "skold"
},
"name": "osx-conj-pp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books'",
"roman": "that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 621",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shall, will"
],
"id": "en-skulan-osx-verb-SAApsoVV",
"links": [
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"will",
"will"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies",
"roman": "Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 1883",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to must, to have to"
],
"id": "en-skulan-osx-verb-fYA8yg-0",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon preterite-present verbs",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schȫlen",
"3": "schöllen",
"4": "schullen",
"5": "sȫlen",
"6": "scölen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "schölen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "schölen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: schölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skulan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skulan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sculan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sculan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skulan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skulu"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skulu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *skulan.\nCognates\nCompare Old Dutch skulan, sulan, Old English sculan, Old High German skulan, sulan, Old Norse skulu, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-pp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skulan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skalt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skolda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skulis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skuli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skulin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skoldin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skulandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skal",
"2": "skul",
"3": "skold"
},
"name": "osx-conj-pp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that he should be born in Bethleem: 'so it is written in our books'",
"roman": "that he scoldi an Bethleem giboran werðan: 'so is an usan bokun giscriƀan",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 621",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shall, will"
],
"links": [
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"will",
"will"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies",
"roman": "Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal",
"text": "9th c., Heliand, verse 1883",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to must, to have to"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Saxon dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.