"ply" meaning in All languages combined

See ply on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /plaɪ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-au-ply.ogg [Australia] Forms: ply [plural], plies [plural], plys [plural]
Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From Middle English pleit, plit, plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), from Anglo-Norman pli, plei, pleit, and Middle French pli, ploy, ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”) (modern French pli (“a fold, pleat”)), from plier, ployer (“to bend, fold”), from Latin plicāre, present active infinitive of plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|pleit}} Middle English pleit, {{m|enm|plit}} plit, {{m|enm|plite||a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply}} plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), {{der|en|xno|pli}} Anglo-Norman pli, {{m|fro|plei}} plei, {{m|fro|pleit}} pleit, {{der|en|frm|pli}} Middle French pli, {{m|frm|ploy}} ploy, {{m|frm|ply||a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state}} ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”), {{cog|fr|pli||a fold, pleat}} French pli (“a fold, pleat”), {{m|frm|plier}} plier, {{m|frm|ployer||to bend, fold}} ployer (“to bend, fold”), {{der|en|la|plicāre}} Latin plicāre, {{glossary|present}} present, {{glossary|active}} active, {{glossary|infinitive}} infinitive, {{m|la|plicō||to bend, fold, roll up}} plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*pleḱ-||to fold, plait, weave}} Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~|ply|+|plys}} ply (countable and uncountable, plural ply or plies or plys)
  1. A layer of material. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (layer of material): пласт (plast) [masculine] (Bulgarian), kerros (Finnish), Lage [feminine] (German), réteg (Hungarian), paparanga (Maori), apa (Maori), papanga (Maori), mātā (Maori), Schicht [feminine] (Plautdietsch), warstwa [feminine] (Polish), capa [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-noun-VejU7dMr Disambiguation of 'layer of material': 100 0 0 0 0
  2. A strand that, twisted together with other strands, makes up rope or yarn. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (strand making up rope or yarn): нишка (niška) [feminine] (Bulgarian), säie (Finnish), fonat (Hungarian), szál (Hungarian), hilo [masculine] (Spanish), hebra [feminine] (Spanish), cordón (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-noun-A82eLl6f Disambiguation of 'strand making up rope or yarn': 0 58 20 7 15
  3. (colloquial) Short for plywood. Tags: abbreviation, alt-of, colloquial, countable, uncountable Alternative form of: plywood
    Sense id: en-ply-en-noun-78aUDUzl Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 0 14 19 6 12 2 2 2 15 4 6 1 2 9 5
  4. (artificial intelligence, combinatorial game theory) In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Artificial intelligence, Game theory Translations (in two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players): vuoro (Finnish), Halbzug (German), полухо́д (poluxód) [masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-noun-pweifc46 Disambiguation of 'in two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players': 0 5 4 89 3
  5. (now chiefly Scotland) A condition, a state. Tags: Scotland, countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-ply-en-noun-Iw9O7fJi Categories (other): Scottish English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: cross-ply, multi-ply, plywood, single-ply membrane, single-ply roof, three-ply, two-ply
Etymology number: 1

Noun [English]

IPA: /plaɪ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-au-ply.ogg [Australia]
Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1. Etymology templates: {{m|en|apply}} apply, {{sup|2}} ², {{inh|en|enm|plīen}} Middle English plīen, {{m|enm|pli}} pli, {{m|enm|plie}} plie, {{m|enm|pleie||to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive}} pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), {{m|enm|aplīen}} aplīen, {{m|enm|applīen||to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit}} applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), {{der|en|fro|applier}} Old French applier, {{m|fro|aplier}} aplier, {{m|fro|aploier||to bend; to apply}} aploier (“to bend; to apply”), {{der|en|la|applicāre}} Latin applicāre, {{glossary|present}} present, {{glossary|active}} active, {{glossary|infinitive}} infinitive, {{m|la|applicō||to apply; to attach, join; to add}} applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), {{m|la|ad-||prefix meaning ‘to, towards’}} ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”), {{m|la|plicō||to bend, fold, roll up}} plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”) Head templates: {{en-noun|?}} ply
  1. A bent; a direction.
    Sense id: en-ply-en-noun-Bzu3SxMl
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Verb [English]

IPA: /plaɪ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-au-ply.ogg [Australia] Forms: plies [present, singular, third-person], plying [participle, present], plied [participle, past], plied [past]
Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From Middle English plīen, pli, plie (“to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit”), from Anglo-Norman plier, plaier, pleier, ploier, and Middle French plier, ployer (“to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit”) (modern French plier, ployer), from Old French ploiier, pleier (“to fold”), from Latin plicāre (“to fold”); see further at etymology 1. The word is cognate with Catalan plegar (“to bend, fold”), Italian piegare (“to bend, fold, fold up”), Old Occitan plegar, plejar, pleyar (“to fold”) (modern Occitan plegar), Spanish plegar (“to fold”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|plīen}} Middle English plīen, {{m|enm|pli}} pli, {{m|enm|plie||to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit}} plie (“to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit”), {{der|en|xno|plier}} Anglo-Norman plier, {{m|fro|plaier}} plaier, {{m|fro|pleier}} pleier, {{m|fro|ploier}} ploier, {{der|en|frm|plier}} Middle French plier, {{m|frm|ployer||to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit}} ployer (“to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit”), {{cog|fr|plier}} French plier, {{m|fr|ployer}} ployer, {{sup|1}} ¹, {{der|en|fro|ploiier}} Old French ploiier, {{m|fro|pleier||to fold}} pleier (“to fold”), {{der|en|la|plico|plicāre|to fold}} Latin plicāre (“to fold”), {{cog|ca|plegar||to bend, fold}} Catalan plegar (“to bend, fold”), {{cog|it|piegare||to bend, fold, fold up}} Italian piegare (“to bend, fold, fold up”), {{cog|pro|plegar}} Old Occitan plegar, {{m|pro|plejar}} plejar, {{m|pro|pleyar||to fold}} pleyar (“to fold”), {{cog|oc|plegar}} Occitan plegar, {{cog|es|plegar||to fold}} Spanish plegar (“to fold”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} ply (third-person singular simple present plies, present participle plying, simple past and past participle plied)
  1. (transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit. Tags: obsolete, transitive Translations ((transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold): огъвам (ogǎvam) (Bulgarian), plooien (Dutch), taivuttaa (Finnish), taittaa (Finnish), plier (French), biegen (German), falten (German), скру́чивать (skrúčivatʹ) (Russian), сгиба́ть (sgibátʹ) (Russian), zohnúť (Slovak), zložiť (Slovak), preložiť (Slovak), poskladať (Slovak)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-hMesuLDL Disambiguation of '(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold': 76 24
  2. (intransitive) To bend, to flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield (to a force, etc.). Tags: intransitive Translations ((intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield): taipua (Finnish), muyuy (Quechua), сгиба́ть (sgibátʹ) (Russian), ohnúť (Slovak)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-nm9QArJQ Disambiguation of '(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield': 22 78
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: plier [agent], pliers
Etymology number: 2

Verb [English]

IPA: /plaɪ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-au-ply.ogg [Australia] Forms: plies [present, singular, third-person], plying [participle, present], plied [participle, past], plied [past]
Rhymes: -aɪ Etymology: From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1. Etymology templates: {{m|en|apply}} apply, {{sup|2}} ², {{inh|en|enm|plīen}} Middle English plīen, {{m|enm|pli}} pli, {{m|enm|plie}} plie, {{m|enm|pleie||to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive}} pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), {{m|enm|aplīen}} aplīen, {{m|enm|applīen||to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit}} applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), {{der|en|fro|applier}} Old French applier, {{m|fro|aplier}} aplier, {{m|fro|aploier||to bend; to apply}} aploier (“to bend; to apply”), {{der|en|la|applicāre}} Latin applicāre, {{glossary|present}} present, {{glossary|active}} active, {{glossary|infinitive}} infinitive, {{m|la|applicō||to apply; to attach, join; to add}} applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), {{m|la|ad-||prefix meaning ‘to, towards’}} ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”), {{m|la|plicō||to bend, fold, roll up}} plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} ply (third-person singular simple present plies, present participle plying, simple past and past participle plied)
  1. (transitive) To work at (something) diligently. Tags: transitive Translations (to work at (something) diligently): работя усърдно (rabotja usǎrdno) (Bulgarian), harjoittaa (Finnish), folytat (Hungarian), űz (Hungarian), dolgozik (Hungarian), усе́рдно рабо́тать (usérdno rabótatʹ) (Russian), makať [colloquial] (Slovak), utöva (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-HNtJzYVE Disambiguation of 'to work at (something) diligently': 75 4 4 1 1 13 4
  2. (transitive) To wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously. Tags: transitive Translations (to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously): употребявам (upotrebjavam) (Bulgarian), käyttää (Finnish), használ (Hungarian), bánik (Hungarian), alkalmaz (Hungarian), forgat (Hungarian)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-U-3fnJej Disambiguation of 'to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously': 4 88 2 1 1 3 1
  3. (transitive) To press upon; to urge persistently. Tags: transitive Translations (to press upon; to urge persistently): настоявам (nastojavam) (Bulgarian), painostaa (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-yhMH~1uk Disambiguation of 'to press upon; to urge persistently': 3 2 91 1 1 2 1
  4. (transitive) To persist in offering something to, especially for the purpose of inducement or persuasion. Tags: transitive Translations (to persist in offering something to): tyrkyttää (Finnish), по́тчевать (pótčevatʹ) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-en:persist_in_offering Disambiguation of 'to persist in offering something to': 3 2 3 85 4 0 3
  5. (transitive, intransitive, transport) To travel over (a route) regularly. Tags: intransitive, transitive Categories (topical): Transport Translations (to travel over regularly): правя курсове (pravja kursove) (Bulgarian), kuljeskella (Finnish), kulkea (Finnish), közlekedik (Hungarian), jár (Hungarian), ró (note: with a definite object) [literary] (Hungarian), szel (note: with a definite object) [literary] (Hungarian), курси́ровать (kursírovatʹ) (Russian), premávať (Slovak)
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-SQfy~Qsj Topics: transport Disambiguation of 'to travel over regularly': 3 3 3 0 87 4 2
  6. (intransitive, obsolete) To work diligently. Tags: intransitive, obsolete
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-p8TkvF0k
  7. (intransitive, nautical, obsolete) To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack. Tags: intransitive, obsolete Categories (topical): Nautical
    Sense id: en-ply-en-verb-jE~EdzIo Topics: nautical, transport
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for ply meaning in All languages combined (41.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cross-ply"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "multi-ply"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plywood"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "single-ply membrane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "single-ply roof"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "three-ply"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "two-ply"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pleit"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pleit",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plit"
      },
      "expansion": "plit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plite",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply"
      },
      "expansion": "plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman pli",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "plei"
      },
      "expansion": "plei",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pleit"
      },
      "expansion": "pleit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French pli",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ploy"
      },
      "expansion": "ploy",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ply",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state"
      },
      "expansion": "ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pli",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a fold, pleat"
      },
      "expansion": "French pli (“a fold, pleat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "plier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ployer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold"
      },
      "expansion": "ployer (“to bend, fold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, roll up"
      },
      "expansion": "plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pleḱ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to fold, plait, weave"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English pleit, plit, plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), from Anglo-Norman pli, plei, pleit, and Middle French pli, ploy, ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”) (modern French pli (“a fold, pleat”)), from plier, ployer (“to bend, fold”), from Latin plicāre, present active infinitive of plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ply",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plys",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "ply",
        "3": "+",
        "4": "plys"
      },
      "expansion": "ply (countable and uncountable, plural ply or plies or plys)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "two-ply toilet paper",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Twelfth International Conference on VLSI Design: Proceedings: January 7–10, 1999, Goa, India, Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society Press, page 313",
          "text": "It is possible to have a very well load balanced partition but with such a high ply that its slowest piece is slower than a not-so-well balanced partition with less ply.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015 October, Tim Gunn, with Ada Calhoun, “Repositioning the Parsons Fashion Design Program”, in Tim Gunn: The Natty Professor: A Master Class on Mentoring, Motivating, and Making it Work!, trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Gallery Books, part I (Truth Telling), page 49",
          "text": "The designer critic's staff would come in with, for example, loads of three-ply cashmere. The students weren't even selecting their own fabrics.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A layer of material."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-noun-VejU7dMr",
      "links": [
        [
          "layer",
          "layer#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "material",
          "material#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "plast",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пласт"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "word": "kerros"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Lage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "word": "réteg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "word": "paparanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "word": "apa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "word": "papanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "word": "mātā"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Schicht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "warstwa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "layer of material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "capa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1837 August, “Art I. Protection against Hail Storms. Notice and Description of the Paragrèle, or Hail Rod. By A. J. Downing, Botanic Garden and Nurseries, Newbergh, N.Y.”, in C. M. Hovey, editor, The Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs, volume III, number VIII (number XXXII overall), Boston, Mass.: Published by Hovey & Co., […]; New York, N.Y.: Israel Post, […], →OCLC, page 281",
          "text": "To make the hail rod a rope of straw is the first thing necessary; it must be made of ripe wheat straw, soaked and twisted, plaited with three strand and then with four ply, making twelve strand to the rope.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A strand that, twisted together with other strands, makes up rope or yarn."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-noun-A82eLl6f",
      "links": [
        [
          "strand",
          "strand#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "twisted",
          "twist#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "rope",
          "rope#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "yarn",
          "yarn#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 58 20 7 15",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "niška",
          "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "нишка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 58 20 7 15",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
          "word": "säie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 58 20 7 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
          "word": "fonat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 58 20 7 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
          "word": "szál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 58 20 7 15",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hilo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 58 20 7 15",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "hebra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 58 20 7 15",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
          "word": "cordón"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "plywood"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 14 19 6 12 2 2 2 15 4 6 1 2 9 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1951 May, “British Railway Standard Coaches”, in Railway Magazine, page 328",
          "text": "The compartment ceiling panels are of plastic material backed with ply or hardboard panels.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Alan Blanc, “Doors”, in Mitchell’s Internal Components (Mitchell’s Building Series), Essex: Longman Scientific & Technical; republished London: Routledge, 2014, section 6.5 (Flush Doors)",
          "text": "The Standards describe the quality of timber or ply, moisture content, amount of acceptable sapwood, freedom from decay and insect attack, limitation of checks and splits and treatment of resin staining, and the way plugging may be employed to mask defects in ply faces.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, “Hull and Deck”, in Judith Chamberlain-Webber, editor, The Boat Improvement Bible: Practical Projects to Customise and Upgrade Your Boat, London: Adlard Coles Nautical, page 39, column 1",
          "text": "Teak-faced ply is about three times the price of any other, so if you need to economise, anything other than teak would be a good choice! Similarly, marine ply is substantially more expensive than exterior ply, so it may be preferable to go with the latter option.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for plywood."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-noun-78aUDUzl",
      "links": [
        [
          "plywood",
          "plywood#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) Short for plywood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "colloquial",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Artificial intelligence",
          "orig": "en:Artificial intelligence",
          "parents": [
            "Computer science",
            "Cybernetics",
            "Computing",
            "Sciences",
            "Applied mathematics",
            "Systems theory",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Mathematics",
            "Systems",
            "Fundamental",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Interdisciplinary fields",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Game theory",
          "orig": "en:Game theory",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He proposed to build Deep Purple, a super-computer capable of 24-ply look-ahead for chess.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1996, Jonathan Schaeffer, Robert Lake, “Solving the Game of Checkers”, in Richard J. Nowakowski, editor, Games of No Chance: Combinatorial Games at MSRI, 1994 (Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications; 29), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 122",
          "text": "Chinook uses an iterative, alpha-beta search with transposition tables and the history heuristic[…]. Under tournament conditions (thirty moves an hour), the program searches to an average minimum depth of nineteen ply (one ply is one move by one player). The search uses selective deepening to extend lines that are tactically or positionally interesting. Consequently, major lines of play are often searched many plies deeper. It is not uncommon for the program to produce analyses that are thirty-ply deep or more.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Richard A. Epstein, “Games of Pure Skill and Competitive Computers”, in The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd edition, Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press; special edition, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Academic Press, 2013, page 380",
          "text": "Two principal search strategies were (correctly) predicted: Type-A programs that apply \"brute force\" inspection of every possible position over a fixed number of plys; and Type-B programs that prune potential moves according to some selection function and then examine the significant sets over as many plys as practical and only at those positions reflecting a degree of stability.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-noun-pweifc46",
      "links": [
        [
          "artificial intelligence",
          "artificial intelligence"
        ],
        [
          "game theory",
          "game theory"
        ],
        [
          "two",
          "two"
        ],
        [
          "player",
          "player"
        ],
        [
          "sequential",
          "sequential"
        ],
        [
          "games",
          "game#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "half",
          "half"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "move",
          "move#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory; artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(artificial intelligence, combinatorial game theory) In two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 4 89 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "in two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players",
          "word": "vuoro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 4 89 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "in two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players",
          "word": "Halbzug"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 4 89 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "poluxód",
          "sense": "in two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "полухо́д"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A condition, a state."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-noun-Iw9O7fJi",
      "links": [
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now chiefly Scotland) A condition, a state."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "agent"
      ],
      "word": "plier"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pliers"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plīen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plīen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "pli",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit"
      },
      "expansion": "plie (“to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman plier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "plaier"
      },
      "expansion": "plaier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pleier"
      },
      "expansion": "pleier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ploier"
      },
      "expansion": "ploier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French plier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ployer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit"
      },
      "expansion": "ployer (“to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "French plier",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ployer"
      },
      "expansion": "ployer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ploiier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ploiier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pleier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "pleier (“to fold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plico",
        "4": "plicāre",
        "5": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plicāre (“to fold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "plegar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan plegar (“to bend, fold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "piegare",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, fold up"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian piegare (“to bend, fold, fold up”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "plegar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Occitan plegar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "plejar"
      },
      "expansion": "plejar",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "pleyar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "pleyar (“to fold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "plegar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan plegar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "plegar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish plegar (“to fold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plīen, pli, plie (“to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit”), from Anglo-Norman plier, plaier, pleier, ploier, and Middle French plier, ployer (“to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit”) (modern French plier, ployer), from Old French ploiier, pleier (“to fold”), from Latin plicāre (“to fold”); see further at etymology 1. The word is cognate with Catalan plegar (“to bend, fold”), Italian piegare (“to bend, fold, fold up”), Old Occitan plegar, plejar, pleyar (“to fold”) (modern Occitan plegar), Spanish plegar (“to fold”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ply (third-person singular simple present plies, present participle plying, simple past and past participle plied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1743, Virgil, “The Georgics of Virgil. Book II.”, in [Joseph Davidson], transl., The Works of Virgil Translated into English Prose, […] In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Joseph Davidson, […], →OCLC, page 135",
          "text": "And now when at length the Vineyard has ſhed its late Leaves, and the cold Northwind ſhook from the Groves their Honours; even then the active Swain extends his Cares to the enſuing Year, and cloſe plys the deſolate forſaken Vine, cutting off the ſuperfluous Roots with Saturn's crooked Hook, and forms it by pruning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-hMesuLDL",
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "fold",
          "fold#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "mould",
          "mould#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "adapt",
          "adapt"
        ],
        [
          "modify",
          "modify"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "mind",
          "mind#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "submit",
          "submit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ogǎvam",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "огъвам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "plooien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "taivuttaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "taittaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "plier"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "biegen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "falten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "skrúčivatʹ",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "скру́чивать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sgibátʹ",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "сгиба́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "zohnúť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "zložiť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "preložiť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
          "word": "poskladať"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To bend, to flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield (to a force, etc.)."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-nm9QArJQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "flex",
          "flex#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "give way",
          "give way"
        ],
        [
          "yield",
          "yield#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To bend, to flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield (to a force, etc.)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "22 78",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
          "word": "taipua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 78",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
          "word": "muyuy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 78",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sgibátʹ",
          "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
          "word": "сгиба́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 78",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
          "word": "ohnúť"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "apply"
      },
      "expansion": "apply",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plīen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plīen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "pli",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plie"
      },
      "expansion": "plie",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pleie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive"
      },
      "expansion": "pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "aplīen"
      },
      "expansion": "aplīen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "applīen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit"
      },
      "expansion": "applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "applier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French applier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aplier"
      },
      "expansion": "aplier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aploier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend; to apply"
      },
      "expansion": "aploier (“to bend; to apply”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "applicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin applicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "applicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to apply; to attach, join; to add"
      },
      "expansion": "applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "prefix meaning ‘to, towards’"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, roll up"
      },
      "expansion": "plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ply (third-person singular simple present plies, present participle plying, simple past and past participle plied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He plied his trade as carpenter for forty-three years.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1595, G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], printed at London: By Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, →OCLC; reprinted as The Old Wives Tale, 1595 (The Malone Society Reprints; 7), Oxford: Printed for the Malone Society by Horace Hart M.A., at the Oxford University Press, 1908 (February 1909 reprint), →OCLC, line 720",
          "text": "Ply you your work or elſe you are like to ſmart.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1666, Edm[und] Waller, Instructions to a Painter, for the Drawing of the Posture & Progress of His Ma[jes]ᵗⁱᵉˢ Forces at Sea, under the Command of His Highness Royal. […], London: Printed for Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, page 13",
          "text": "But English Courage growing as they fight, / In danger, noise, and slaughter takes delight, / Their bloody Task, unwearied, still they ply, / Only restrain’d by Death, or Victory: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To work at (something) diligently."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-HNtJzYVE",
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "diligently",
          "diligently"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To work at (something) diligently."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rabotja usǎrdno",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "word": "работя усърдно"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "word": "harjoittaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "note": "uurastaa (+ inessive)",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "word": "folytat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "word": "űz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "word": "dolgozik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "usérdno rabótatʹ",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "word": "усе́рдно рабо́тать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial"
          ],
          "word": "makať"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 4 4 1 1 13 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
          "word": "utöva"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He plied his ax with bloody results.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1854, “St. Valentine’s Day”, in The Favorite, volume I, London: Partridge, Oakey, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 114",
          "text": "He [a carpenter] feels an additional particle of new life coursing through his veins, and he plys the plane on the following day with additional energy to his own and to his master's satisfaction.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, [James Pascoe], “Death in the Vaults”, in The Brigantine. A Story of the Sea. In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 299",
          "text": "Drink had dispelled all common prudence, and chuckling at the idea of finding treasures unknown to their comrades, they plied the crowbar to the door, which was locked, but it soon yielded.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1871 February 24, B. F. Sawyer, “The Ku-Klux—The Atlanta Sun and Bullock’s Proclamation”, in Rome Courier; quoted in Testimony Taken by the Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States. Georgia, volume II, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1 November 1871, published 1872, →OCLC, page 883",
          "text": "[T]his abuse is as outrageous as are the acts of any Ku-Klux that ever plied the lash or sounded a whistle, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-U-3fnJej",
      "links": [
        [
          "wield",
          "wield"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon"
        ],
        [
          "steadily",
          "steadily"
        ],
        [
          "vigorously",
          "vigorously"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 88 2 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "upotrebjavam",
          "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
          "word": "употребявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 88 2 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
          "word": "käyttää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 88 2 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
          "word": "használ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 88 2 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
          "word": "bánik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 88 2 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
          "word": "alkalmaz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 88 2 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
          "word": "forgat"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to ply someone with questions or solicitations",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To press upon; to urge persistently."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-yhMH~1uk",
      "links": [
        [
          "press",
          "press#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "urge",
          "urge#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "persistently",
          "persistently"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To press upon; to urge persistently."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 91 1 1 2 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nastojavam",
          "sense": "to press upon; to urge persistently",
          "word": "настоявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 91 1 1 2 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to press upon; to urge persistently",
          "word": "painostaa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to ply someone with drink",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1929, M. Barnard Eldershaw [pseudonym; Marjorie Barnard and Flora Eldershaw], chapter VII, in A House is Built, London: George G. Harrap and Co., →OCLC, section VI",
          "text": "Esther began […] to cry. But when the fire had been lit specially to warm her chilled limbs and Adela had plied her with hot negus she began to feel rather a heroine.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To persist in offering something to, especially for the purpose of inducement or persuasion."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-en:persist_in_offering",
      "links": [
        [
          "persist",
          "persist#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "offering",
          "offer#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "inducement",
          "inducement"
        ],
        [
          "persuasion",
          "persuasion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To persist in offering something to, especially for the purpose of inducement or persuasion."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:persist in offering"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 3 85 4 0 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to persist in offering something to",
          "word": "tyrkyttää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 3 85 4 0 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pótčevatʹ",
          "sense": "to persist in offering something to",
          "word": "по́тчевать"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Transport",
          "orig": "en:Transport",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to ply the seven seas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The steamer plies between several ports on the coast.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1794, “Chap. XXVI. An Act for the Improvement of the Town and Harbour of Wexford, and for Building a Bridge or Bridges over the River Slaney, at or near said Town.”, in Statutes Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland, volume X, Dublin: Printed by George Grierson, […], published 1799, →OCLC, section LXXIII, page 56",
          "text": "[T]he ſaid corporation ſhall and may be authorized and required to licenſe all ſuch perſon or perſons as ſhall keep or drive any cars, drays or carts, plying for hire within the ſaid town of Wexford,",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1866 March 21, “Letton v. Goodden”, in Montagu Chambers, Francis Towers Streeten, Frederick Hoare Colt, editors, The Law Journal Reports for the Year 1866: […], volumes XXXV (New Series; volume XLIV overall), part I (Chancery and Bankruptcy), London: Printed by James Holmes, […]; [p]ublished by Edward Bret Ince, […], →OCLC, headnote, page 427, column 1",
          "text": "An act of parliament, empowering the plaintiffs, a company, to ply on Sundays from certain points on the south bank of the Thames, but imposing no obligation to provide means of transport or to maintain their plying-places, does not confer an exclusive right against the rest of the world, such as the Court of Chancery will interfere to protect; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1907, Mark Tennien, edited by Marshall Broomhall, The Chinese Empire: A General & Missionary Survey, London: Morgan & Scott, page 169",
          "text": "Steam navigation is in its infancy: four small 600-ton steamers ply between Hankow, Changsha, and Siangtan; and there are also perhaps a score of launches plying in and out of the province.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1941 January, the late John Phillimore, “The Forth Bridge 1890-1940”, in Railway Magazine, page 5",
          "text": "Before the bridging of the Forth, the train ferry which plied across the estuary from Granton to Burntisland was inconvenient, slow, and uncomfortable, and although an alternative route was available, it meant a detour by rail of 70 miles via Stirling [...].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To travel over (a route) regularly."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-SQfy~Qsj",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "transport",
          "transport"
        ],
        [
          "travel",
          "travel#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "route",
          "route#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "regularly",
          "regularly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive, transport) To travel over (a route) regularly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "transport"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pravja kursove",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "word": "правя курсове"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "word": "kuljeskella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "word": "kulkea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "word": "közlekedik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "word": "jár"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "note": "with a definite object",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "ró"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "note": "with a definite object",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "szel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kursírovatʹ",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "word": "курси́ровать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 3 0 87 4 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "to travel over regularly",
          "word": "premávať"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To work diligently."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-p8TkvF0k",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, obsolete) To work diligently."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "en:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1653 July 21, William Penn, Granville Penn, “A Journal on the Vanguard”, in Memorial of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William Penn, Knt. Admiral and General of the Fleet, during the Interregnum; Admiral and Commissioner of the Admiralty and Navy, after the Restoration. From 1644 to 1670. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: James Duncan, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 535",
          "text": "Weighed anchor about five morn, and plied till about noon, and then anchored. This day, at morn, went about the general to council: the result was, the fleet should ply near, as with convenience, to the Texel, to prevent a conjunction of those ships there with Admiral [Maarten] Tromp; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-verb-jE~EdzIo",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "manoeuvre",
          "manoeuvre#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "sailing",
          "sailing#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "vessel",
          "vessel"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "changes",
          "change#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "windward",
          "windward"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "tack",
          "tack#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, nautical, obsolete) To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "apply"
      },
      "expansion": "apply",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plīen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plīen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "pli",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plie"
      },
      "expansion": "plie",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pleie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive"
      },
      "expansion": "pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "aplīen"
      },
      "expansion": "aplīen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "applīen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit"
      },
      "expansion": "applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "applier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French applier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aplier"
      },
      "expansion": "aplier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aploier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend; to apply"
      },
      "expansion": "aploier (“to bend; to apply”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "applicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin applicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "applicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to apply; to attach, join; to add"
      },
      "expansion": "applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "prefix meaning ‘to, towards’"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, roll up"
      },
      "expansion": "plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "ply",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A bent; a direction."
      ],
      "id": "en-ply-en-noun-Bzu3SxMl",
      "links": [
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cross-ply"
    },
    {
      "word": "multi-ply"
    },
    {
      "word": "plywood"
    },
    {
      "word": "single-ply membrane"
    },
    {
      "word": "single-ply roof"
    },
    {
      "word": "three-ply"
    },
    {
      "word": "two-ply"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pleit"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pleit",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plit"
      },
      "expansion": "plit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plite",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply"
      },
      "expansion": "plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman pli",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "plei"
      },
      "expansion": "plei",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pleit"
      },
      "expansion": "pleit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French pli",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ploy"
      },
      "expansion": "ploy",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ply",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state"
      },
      "expansion": "ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pli",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a fold, pleat"
      },
      "expansion": "French pli (“a fold, pleat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "plier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ployer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold"
      },
      "expansion": "ployer (“to bend, fold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, roll up"
      },
      "expansion": "plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pleḱ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to fold, plait, weave"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English pleit, plit, plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), from Anglo-Norman pli, plei, pleit, and Middle French pli, ploy, ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”) (modern French pli (“a fold, pleat”)), from plier, ployer (“to bend, fold”), from Latin plicāre, present active infinitive of plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ply",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plys",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "ply",
        "3": "+",
        "4": "plys"
      },
      "expansion": "ply (countable and uncountable, plural ply or plies or plys)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "two-ply toilet paper",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Twelfth International Conference on VLSI Design: Proceedings: January 7–10, 1999, Goa, India, Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society Press, page 313",
          "text": "It is possible to have a very well load balanced partition but with such a high ply that its slowest piece is slower than a not-so-well balanced partition with less ply.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015 October, Tim Gunn, with Ada Calhoun, “Repositioning the Parsons Fashion Design Program”, in Tim Gunn: The Natty Professor: A Master Class on Mentoring, Motivating, and Making it Work!, trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Gallery Books, part I (Truth Telling), page 49",
          "text": "The designer critic's staff would come in with, for example, loads of three-ply cashmere. The students weren't even selecting their own fabrics.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A layer of material."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "layer",
          "layer#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "material",
          "material#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1837 August, “Art I. Protection against Hail Storms. Notice and Description of the Paragrèle, or Hail Rod. By A. J. Downing, Botanic Garden and Nurseries, Newbergh, N.Y.”, in C. M. Hovey, editor, The Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs, volume III, number VIII (number XXXII overall), Boston, Mass.: Published by Hovey & Co., […]; New York, N.Y.: Israel Post, […], →OCLC, page 281",
          "text": "To make the hail rod a rope of straw is the first thing necessary; it must be made of ripe wheat straw, soaked and twisted, plaited with three strand and then with four ply, making twelve strand to the rope.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A strand that, twisted together with other strands, makes up rope or yarn."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strand",
          "strand#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "twisted",
          "twist#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "rope",
          "rope#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "yarn",
          "yarn#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "plywood"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English colloquialisms",
        "English short forms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1951 May, “British Railway Standard Coaches”, in Railway Magazine, page 328",
          "text": "The compartment ceiling panels are of plastic material backed with ply or hardboard panels.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Alan Blanc, “Doors”, in Mitchell’s Internal Components (Mitchell’s Building Series), Essex: Longman Scientific & Technical; republished London: Routledge, 2014, section 6.5 (Flush Doors)",
          "text": "The Standards describe the quality of timber or ply, moisture content, amount of acceptable sapwood, freedom from decay and insect attack, limitation of checks and splits and treatment of resin staining, and the way plugging may be employed to mask defects in ply faces.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, “Hull and Deck”, in Judith Chamberlain-Webber, editor, The Boat Improvement Bible: Practical Projects to Customise and Upgrade Your Boat, London: Adlard Coles Nautical, page 39, column 1",
          "text": "Teak-faced ply is about three times the price of any other, so if you need to economise, anything other than teak would be a good choice! Similarly, marine ply is substantially more expensive than exterior ply, so it may be preferable to go with the latter option.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for plywood."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plywood",
          "plywood#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) Short for plywood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "colloquial",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Artificial intelligence",
        "en:Game theory"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He proposed to build Deep Purple, a super-computer capable of 24-ply look-ahead for chess.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1996, Jonathan Schaeffer, Robert Lake, “Solving the Game of Checkers”, in Richard J. Nowakowski, editor, Games of No Chance: Combinatorial Games at MSRI, 1994 (Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications; 29), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 122",
          "text": "Chinook uses an iterative, alpha-beta search with transposition tables and the history heuristic[…]. Under tournament conditions (thirty moves an hour), the program searches to an average minimum depth of nineteen ply (one ply is one move by one player). The search uses selective deepening to extend lines that are tactically or positionally interesting. Consequently, major lines of play are often searched many plies deeper. It is not uncommon for the program to produce analyses that are thirty-ply deep or more.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Richard A. Epstein, “Games of Pure Skill and Competitive Computers”, in The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd edition, Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press; special edition, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Academic Press, 2013, page 380",
          "text": "Two principal search strategies were (correctly) predicted: Type-A programs that apply \"brute force\" inspection of every possible position over a fixed number of plys; and Type-B programs that prune potential moves according to some selection function and then examine the significant sets over as many plys as practical and only at those positions reflecting a degree of stability.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "artificial intelligence",
          "artificial intelligence"
        ],
        [
          "game theory",
          "game theory"
        ],
        [
          "two",
          "two"
        ],
        [
          "player",
          "player"
        ],
        [
          "sequential",
          "sequential"
        ],
        [
          "games",
          "game#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "half",
          "half"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "move",
          "move#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory; artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(artificial intelligence, combinatorial game theory) In two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A condition, a state."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now chiefly Scotland) A condition, a state."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "plast",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пласт"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "word": "kerros"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Lage"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "word": "réteg"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "word": "paparanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "word": "apa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "word": "papanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "word": "mātā"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Schicht"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "warstwa"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "layer of material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "capa"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "niška",
      "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "нишка"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
      "word": "säie"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
      "word": "fonat"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
      "word": "szál"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hilo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "hebra"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "strand making up rope or yarn",
      "word": "cordón"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players",
      "word": "vuoro"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "in two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players",
      "word": "Halbzug"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "poluxód",
      "sense": "in two-player sequential games, a \"half-turn\" or a move made by one of the players",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "полухо́д"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "agent"
      ],
      "word": "plier"
    },
    {
      "word": "pliers"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plīen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plīen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "pli",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit"
      },
      "expansion": "plie (“to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman plier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "plaier"
      },
      "expansion": "plaier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pleier"
      },
      "expansion": "pleier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ploier"
      },
      "expansion": "ploier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French plier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "ployer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit"
      },
      "expansion": "ployer (“to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "plier"
      },
      "expansion": "French plier",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ployer"
      },
      "expansion": "ployer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ploiier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ploiier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pleier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "pleier (“to fold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plico",
        "4": "plicāre",
        "5": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plicāre (“to fold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "plegar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan plegar (“to bend, fold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "piegare",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, fold up"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian piegare (“to bend, fold, fold up”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "plegar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Occitan plegar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "plejar"
      },
      "expansion": "plejar",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pro",
        "2": "pleyar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "pleyar (“to fold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "plegar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan plegar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "plegar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fold"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish plegar (“to fold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plīen, pli, plie (“to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit”), from Anglo-Norman plier, plaier, pleier, ploier, and Middle French plier, ployer (“to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit”) (modern French plier, ployer), from Old French ploiier, pleier (“to fold”), from Latin plicāre (“to fold”); see further at etymology 1. The word is cognate with Catalan plegar (“to bend, fold”), Italian piegare (“to bend, fold, fold up”), Old Occitan plegar, plejar, pleyar (“to fold”) (modern Occitan plegar), Spanish plegar (“to fold”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ply (third-person singular simple present plies, present participle plying, simple past and past participle plied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1743, Virgil, “The Georgics of Virgil. Book II.”, in [Joseph Davidson], transl., The Works of Virgil Translated into English Prose, […] In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Joseph Davidson, […], →OCLC, page 135",
          "text": "And now when at length the Vineyard has ſhed its late Leaves, and the cold Northwind ſhook from the Groves their Honours; even then the active Swain extends his Cares to the enſuing Year, and cloſe plys the deſolate forſaken Vine, cutting off the ſuperfluous Roots with Saturn's crooked Hook, and forms it by pruning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "fold",
          "fold#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "mould",
          "mould#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "adapt",
          "adapt"
        ],
        [
          "modify",
          "modify"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "mind",
          "mind#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "submit",
          "submit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To bend, to flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield (to a force, etc.)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flex",
          "flex#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "give way",
          "give way"
        ],
        [
          "yield",
          "yield#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To bend, to flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield (to a force, etc.)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ogǎvam",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "огъвам"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "plooien"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "taivuttaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "taittaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "plier"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "biegen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "falten"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "skrúčivatʹ",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "скру́чивать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sgibátʹ",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "сгиба́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "zohnúť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "zložiť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "preložiť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "(transitive, obsolete) to bend; to fold",
      "word": "poskladať"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
      "word": "taipua"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
      "word": "muyuy"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sgibátʹ",
      "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
      "word": "сгиба́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "(intransitive) to bend, flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield",
      "word": "ohnúť"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "apply"
      },
      "expansion": "apply",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plīen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plīen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "pli",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plie"
      },
      "expansion": "plie",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pleie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive"
      },
      "expansion": "pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "aplīen"
      },
      "expansion": "aplīen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "applīen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit"
      },
      "expansion": "applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "applier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French applier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aplier"
      },
      "expansion": "aplier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aploier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend; to apply"
      },
      "expansion": "aploier (“to bend; to apply”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "applicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin applicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "applicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to apply; to attach, join; to add"
      },
      "expansion": "applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "prefix meaning ‘to, towards’"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, roll up"
      },
      "expansion": "plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ply (third-person singular simple present plies, present participle plying, simple past and past participle plied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He plied his trade as carpenter for forty-three years.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1595, G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], printed at London: By Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, →OCLC; reprinted as The Old Wives Tale, 1595 (The Malone Society Reprints; 7), Oxford: Printed for the Malone Society by Horace Hart M.A., at the Oxford University Press, 1908 (February 1909 reprint), →OCLC, line 720",
          "text": "Ply you your work or elſe you are like to ſmart.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1666, Edm[und] Waller, Instructions to a Painter, for the Drawing of the Posture & Progress of His Ma[jes]ᵗⁱᵉˢ Forces at Sea, under the Command of His Highness Royal. […], London: Printed for Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, page 13",
          "text": "But English Courage growing as they fight, / In danger, noise, and slaughter takes delight, / Their bloody Task, unwearied, still they ply, / Only restrain’d by Death, or Victory: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To work at (something) diligently."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "diligently",
          "diligently"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To work at (something) diligently."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He plied his ax with bloody results.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1854, “St. Valentine’s Day”, in The Favorite, volume I, London: Partridge, Oakey, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 114",
          "text": "He [a carpenter] feels an additional particle of new life coursing through his veins, and he plys the plane on the following day with additional energy to his own and to his master's satisfaction.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1863, [James Pascoe], “Death in the Vaults”, in The Brigantine. A Story of the Sea. In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 299",
          "text": "Drink had dispelled all common prudence, and chuckling at the idea of finding treasures unknown to their comrades, they plied the crowbar to the door, which was locked, but it soon yielded.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1871 February 24, B. F. Sawyer, “The Ku-Klux—The Atlanta Sun and Bullock’s Proclamation”, in Rome Courier; quoted in Testimony Taken by the Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States. Georgia, volume II, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1 November 1871, published 1872, →OCLC, page 883",
          "text": "[T]his abuse is as outrageous as are the acts of any Ku-Klux that ever plied the lash or sounded a whistle, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wield",
          "wield"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon"
        ],
        [
          "steadily",
          "steadily"
        ],
        [
          "vigorously",
          "vigorously"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to ply someone with questions or solicitations",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To press upon; to urge persistently."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "press",
          "press#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "urge",
          "urge#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "persistently",
          "persistently"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To press upon; to urge persistently."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to ply someone with drink",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1929, M. Barnard Eldershaw [pseudonym; Marjorie Barnard and Flora Eldershaw], chapter VII, in A House is Built, London: George G. Harrap and Co., →OCLC, section VI",
          "text": "Esther began […] to cry. But when the fire had been lit specially to warm her chilled limbs and Adela had plied her with hot negus she began to feel rather a heroine.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To persist in offering something to, especially for the purpose of inducement or persuasion."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "persist",
          "persist#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "offering",
          "offer#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "inducement",
          "inducement"
        ],
        [
          "persuasion",
          "persuasion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To persist in offering something to, especially for the purpose of inducement or persuasion."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:persist in offering"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "en:Transport"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to ply the seven seas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The steamer plies between several ports on the coast.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1794, “Chap. XXVI. An Act for the Improvement of the Town and Harbour of Wexford, and for Building a Bridge or Bridges over the River Slaney, at or near said Town.”, in Statutes Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland, volume X, Dublin: Printed by George Grierson, […], published 1799, →OCLC, section LXXIII, page 56",
          "text": "[T]he ſaid corporation ſhall and may be authorized and required to licenſe all ſuch perſon or perſons as ſhall keep or drive any cars, drays or carts, plying for hire within the ſaid town of Wexford,",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1866 March 21, “Letton v. Goodden”, in Montagu Chambers, Francis Towers Streeten, Frederick Hoare Colt, editors, The Law Journal Reports for the Year 1866: […], volumes XXXV (New Series; volume XLIV overall), part I (Chancery and Bankruptcy), London: Printed by James Holmes, […]; [p]ublished by Edward Bret Ince, […], →OCLC, headnote, page 427, column 1",
          "text": "An act of parliament, empowering the plaintiffs, a company, to ply on Sundays from certain points on the south bank of the Thames, but imposing no obligation to provide means of transport or to maintain their plying-places, does not confer an exclusive right against the rest of the world, such as the Court of Chancery will interfere to protect; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1907, Mark Tennien, edited by Marshall Broomhall, The Chinese Empire: A General & Missionary Survey, London: Morgan & Scott, page 169",
          "text": "Steam navigation is in its infancy: four small 600-ton steamers ply between Hankow, Changsha, and Siangtan; and there are also perhaps a score of launches plying in and out of the province.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1941 January, the late John Phillimore, “The Forth Bridge 1890-1940”, in Railway Magazine, page 5",
          "text": "Before the bridging of the Forth, the train ferry which plied across the estuary from Granton to Burntisland was inconvenient, slow, and uncomfortable, and although an alternative route was available, it meant a detour by rail of 70 miles via Stirling [...].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To travel over (a route) regularly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "transport",
          "transport"
        ],
        [
          "travel",
          "travel#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "route",
          "route#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "regularly",
          "regularly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive, transport) To travel over (a route) regularly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To work diligently."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, obsolete) To work diligently."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1653 July 21, William Penn, Granville Penn, “A Journal on the Vanguard”, in Memorial of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William Penn, Knt. Admiral and General of the Fleet, during the Interregnum; Admiral and Commissioner of the Admiralty and Navy, after the Restoration. From 1644 to 1670. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: James Duncan, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 535",
          "text": "Weighed anchor about five morn, and plied till about noon, and then anchored. This day, at morn, went about the general to council: the result was, the fleet should ply near, as with convenience, to the Texel, to prevent a conjunction of those ships there with Admiral [Maarten] Tromp; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "manoeuvre",
          "manoeuvre#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "sailing",
          "sailing#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "vessel",
          "vessel"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "changes",
          "change#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "windward",
          "windward"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "tack",
          "tack#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, nautical, obsolete) To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rabotja usǎrdno",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "word": "работя усърдно"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "word": "harjoittaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "uurastaa (+ inessive)",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "word": "folytat"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "word": "űz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "word": "dolgozik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "usérdno rabótatʹ",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "word": "усе́рдно рабо́тать"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "makať"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to work at (something) diligently",
      "word": "utöva"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "upotrebjavam",
      "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
      "word": "употребявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
      "word": "käyttää"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
      "word": "használ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
      "word": "bánik"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
      "word": "alkalmaz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously",
      "word": "forgat"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nastojavam",
      "sense": "to press upon; to urge persistently",
      "word": "настоявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to press upon; to urge persistently",
      "word": "painostaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to persist in offering something to",
      "word": "tyrkyttää"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pótčevatʹ",
      "sense": "to persist in offering something to",
      "word": "по́тчевать"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pravja kursove",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "word": "правя курсове"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "word": "kuljeskella"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "word": "kulkea"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "word": "közlekedik"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "word": "jár"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "note": "with a definite object",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "ró"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "note": "with a definite object",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "szel"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kursírovatʹ",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "word": "курси́ровать"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "to travel over regularly",
      "word": "premávať"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "apply"
      },
      "expansion": "apply",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plīen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plīen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pli"
      },
      "expansion": "pli",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plie"
      },
      "expansion": "plie",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pleie",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive"
      },
      "expansion": "pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "aplīen"
      },
      "expansion": "aplīen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "applīen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit"
      },
      "expansion": "applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "applier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French applier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aplier"
      },
      "expansion": "aplier",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "aploier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend; to apply"
      },
      "expansion": "aploier (“to bend; to apply”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "applicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin applicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "applicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to apply; to attach, join; to add"
      },
      "expansion": "applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "prefix meaning ‘to, towards’"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plicō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, fold, roll up"
      },
      "expansion": "plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to, towards’”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "ply",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A bent; a direction."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plaɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-ply.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg/En-au-ply.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-au-ply.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ply"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.