"peril" meaning in All languages combined

See peril on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈpɛɹɪl/, /ˈpɛɹəl/ (note: weak vowel merger) Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-peril.wav [Southern-England] Forms: perils [plural]
Rhymes: -ɛɹɪl, -ɛɹəl Etymology: From Middle English peril, from Old French peril, from Latin perīculum. Doublet of periculum. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-|id=risk}}, {{inh|en|enm|peril}} Middle English peril, {{der|en|fro|peril}} Old French peril, {{der|en|la|perīculum}} Latin perīculum, {{doublet|en|periculum}} Doublet of periculum Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} peril (countable and uncountable, plural perils)
  1. A situation of serious and immediate danger. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (a situation of serious danger): κίνδυνος (kíndunos) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), خَطَر (ḵaṭar) (Arabic), خطر (ḵaṭar) [Egyptian-Arabic, masculine] (Arabic), վտանգ (vtang) (Armenian), опасност (opasnost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), perill [masculine] (Catalan), 危險 (Chinese Mandarin), 危险 (wéixiǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), nebezpečí (Czech), fare [common-gender] (Danish), gevaar (Dutch), vaara (Finnish), vaaratilanne (Finnish), péril (French), risque [masculine] (French), Gefahr [feminine] (German), Risiko [neuter] (German), 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹 (bireikei) [feminine] (Gothic), 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 (sleiþei) [feminine] (Gothic), veszély (Hungarian), veszedelem (Hungarian), periglio [masculine] (Italian), pericolo [masculine] (Italian), 危険 (kiken) (alt: きけん) (Japanese), periculum (Latin), Jefoa [feminine] (Plautdietsch), niebezpieczeństwo [neuter] (Polish), perigo [masculine] (Portuguese), pericol [neuter] (Romanian), опа́сность (opásnostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), риск (risk) [masculine] (Russian), угро́за (ugróza) [feminine] (Russian), cunnart [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), gàbhadh [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), peligro [masculine] (Spanish), riesgo [masculine] (Spanish), fara [common-gender] (Swedish), sanu (Tocharian A), ñyātse (Tocharian B), risk (Zazaki), riziko (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-peril-en-noun-02M9L9sk Disambiguation of 'a situation of serious danger': 77 21 3
  2. Something that causes, contains, or presents danger. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (something that causes, contains, or presents danger): վտանգ (vtang) (Armenian), риск (risk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), 冒險 (Chinese Mandarin), 冒险 (màoxiǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), ohrožení (Czech), nebezpečí (Czech), risiko [common-gender] (Danish), vaara (Finnish), risque [masculine] (French), Risiko [neuter] (German), veszély (Hungarian), 冒険 (bōken) (alt: ぼうけん) (Japanese), Jefoa [feminine] (Plautdietsch), zagrożenie [neuter] (Polish), risco [masculine] (Portuguese), perigo [masculine] (Portuguese), опа́сность (opásnostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), угро́за (ugróza) [feminine] (Russian), cunnart [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), gàbhadh [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), riesgo [masculine] (Spanish), peligro [masculine] (Spanish), sanu (Tocharian A)
    Sense id: en-peril-en-noun-I4hU47h- Disambiguation of 'something that causes, contains, or presents danger': 10 85 5
  3. (insurance) An event which causes a loss, or the risk of a specific such event. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Insurance
    Sense id: en-peril-en-noun-35Bzyg2r Topics: business, insurance
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: danger, hazard, jeopardy, risk, threat, wathe Derived forms: at one's peril, imperil, peril point, yellow peril Related terms: imperil, perilous

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈpɛɹɪl/, /ˈpɛɹəl/ (note: weak vowel merger) Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-peril.wav [Southern-England] Forms: perils [present, singular, third-person], periling [participle, present], perilling [participle, present], periled [participle, past], periled [past], perilled [participle, past], perilled [past]
Rhymes: -ɛɹɪl, -ɛɹəl Etymology: From Middle English peril, from Old French peril, from Latin perīculum. Doublet of periculum. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-|id=risk}}, {{inh|en|enm|peril}} Middle English peril, {{der|en|fro|peril}} Old French peril, {{der|en|la|perīculum}} Latin perīculum, {{doublet|en|periculum}} Doublet of periculum Head templates: {{en-verb|past2=perilled|pres_ptc2=perilling}} peril (third-person singular simple present perils, present participle periling or perilling, simple past and past participle periled or perilled)
  1. (transitive) To cause to be in danger; to imperil; to risk. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-peril-en-verb-s8oRCINz Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 10 22 6 62

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈpɛril/, /pɛˈriːl/, /ˈpɛrəl/, /ˈparəl/ Forms: perilles [plural]
Etymology: From Old French peril, from Latin perīculum. Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|fro|peril}} Old French peril, {{der|enm|la|perīculum}} Latin perīculum Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} peril, {{enm-noun|pl=perilles}} peril (plural perilles)
  1. Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:
    A location where danger, risk, or peril is present or likely.
    Sense id: en-peril-enm-noun-tAWxrn6z
  2. Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:
    A thing or enterprise which creates peril; anything which creates or which is of peril.
    Sense id: en-peril-enm-noun-3vUaAPMv Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 10 39 7 43 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 9 40 7 44
  3. Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:
    Sinfulness; religious threat or danger.
    Categories (topical): Religion
    Sense id: en-peril-enm-noun-7vK675ux Disambiguation of Religion: 0 0 100 0
  4. (Late Middle English) Bad fortune; unluckiness or mischance. Tags: Late-Middle-English Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-peril-enm-noun-it4oyoH8 Disambiguation of Emotions: 8 37 8 47 Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 10 39 7 43 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 9 40 7 44
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: perilous, perilously

Noun [Old French]

Forms: peril oblique singular or [canonical, masculine], periz [oblique, plural], perilz [oblique, plural], periz [nominative, singular], perilz [nominative, singular], peril [nominative, plural]
Etymology: From Latin perīculum. Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la|perīculum}} Latin perīculum Head templates: {{fro-noun|m}} peril oblique singular, m (oblique plural periz or perilz, nominative singular periz or perilz, nominative plural peril)
  1. peril; hazard; danger
    Sense id: en-peril-fro-noun-uyRdBjDJ Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for peril meaning in All languages combined (20.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "at one's peril"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "imperil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "peril point"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "yellow peril"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "risk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English peril",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peril",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "periculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of periculum",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English peril, from Old French peril, from Latin perīculum. Doublet of periculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "peril (countable and uncountable, plural perils)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "imperil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "perilous"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Your life is in peril.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A situation of serious and immediate danger."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-en-noun-02M9L9sk",
      "links": [
        [
          "serious",
          "serious"
        ],
        [
          "immediate",
          "immediate"
        ],
        [
          "danger",
          "danger"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḵaṭar",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "خَطَر"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "arz",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḵaṭar",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "خطر"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vtang",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "վտանգ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "opasnost",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "опасност"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "perill"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "危險"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "wéixiǎn",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "危险"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "nebezpečí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "gevaar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "vaara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "vaaratilanne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "péril"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "risque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Gefahr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Risiko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "bireikei",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "sleiþei",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "kíndunos",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κίνδυνος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "veszély"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "veszedelem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "periglio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pericolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "alt": "きけん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kiken",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "危険"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "periculum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Jefoa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "niebezpieczeństwo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "perigo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pericol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "opásnostʹ",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "опа́сность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "risk",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "риск"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ugróza",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "угро́за"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cunnart"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gàbhadh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "peligro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "riesgo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "xto",
          "lang": "Tocharian A",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "sanu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "txb",
          "lang": "Tocharian B",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "ñyātse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "risk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 21 3",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
          "word": "riziko"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the perils of the jungle (animals and insects, weather, etc.)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something that causes, contains, or presents danger."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-en-noun-I4hU47h-",
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "contain",
          "contain"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vtang",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "վտանգ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "risk",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "риск"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "冒險"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "màoxiǎn",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "冒险"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "ohrožení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "nebezpečí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "risiko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "vaara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "risque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Risiko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "veszély"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "alt": "ぼうけん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "bōken",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "冒険"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Jefoa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zagrożenie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "risco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "perigo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "opásnostʹ",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "опа́сность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ugróza",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "угро́за"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cunnart"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gàbhadh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "riesgo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "peligro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 85 5",
          "code": "xto",
          "lang": "Tocharian A",
          "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
          "word": "sanu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Insurance",
          "orig": "en:Insurance",
          "parents": [
            "Finance",
            "Industries",
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An event which causes a loss, or the risk of a specific such event."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-en-noun-35Bzyg2r",
      "links": [
        [
          "insurance",
          "insurance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(insurance) An event which causes a loss, or the risk of a specific such event."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "insurance"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹəl/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹɪl"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-peril.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "danger"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hazard"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "jeopardy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "risk"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "threat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "wathe"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "risk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English peril",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peril",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "periculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of periculum",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English peril, from Old French peril, from Latin perīculum. Doublet of periculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perils",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "perilled",
        "pres_ptc2": "perilling"
      },
      "expansion": "peril (third-person singular simple present perils, present participle periling or perilling, simple past and past participle periled or perilled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 22 6 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1830, Robert Hayne, Speech in the United States Senate",
          "text": "And are we, Mr. President, who stood by our country then, who threw open our coffers, who bared our bosoms, who freely perilled all in that conflict, to be reproached with want of attachment to the Union?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to be in danger; to imperil; to risk."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-en-verb-s8oRCINz",
      "links": [
        [
          "danger",
          "danger"
        ],
        [
          "imperil",
          "imperil"
        ],
        [
          "risk",
          "risk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to be in danger; to imperil; to risk."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹəl/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹɪl"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-peril.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "English: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: peril"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peril",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French peril, from Latin perīculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perilles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "peril",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "perilles"
      },
      "expansion": "peril (plural perilles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perilous"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perilously"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:",
        "A location where danger, risk, or peril is present or likely."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-enm-noun-tAWxrn6z"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 39 7 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 40 7 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:",
        "A thing or enterprise which creates peril; anything which creates or which is of peril."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-enm-noun-3vUaAPMv"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "enm:Religion",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:",
        "Sinfulness; religious threat or danger."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-enm-noun-7vK675ux"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 39 7 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 40 7 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 37 8 47",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Bad fortune; unluckiness or mischance."
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-enm-noun-it4oyoH8",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Late Middle English) Bad fortune; unluckiness or mischance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛril/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɛˈriːl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛrəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈparəl/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perile"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "periil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "peryle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pereyl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "parelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "peryl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perell"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perill"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "parell"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pereil"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "peril",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "English: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "péril"
          },
          "expansion": "French: péril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: péril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "péthi"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: péthi",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Jersey"
          },
          "expansion": "(Jersey)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: péthi (Jersey)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin perīculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "peril oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periz",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilz",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periz",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilz",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "peril",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "peril oblique singular, m (oblique plural periz or perilz, nominative singular periz or perilz, nominative plural peril)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "peril; hazard; danger"
      ],
      "id": "en-peril-fro-noun-uyRdBjDJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "peril",
          "peril#English"
        ],
        [
          "hazard",
          "hazard"
        ],
        [
          "danger",
          "danger"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (risk)",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Swedish translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛɹɪl"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "at one's peril"
    },
    {
      "word": "imperil"
    },
    {
      "word": "peril point"
    },
    {
      "word": "yellow peril"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "risk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English peril",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peril",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "periculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of periculum",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English peril, from Old French peril, from Latin perīculum. Doublet of periculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "peril (countable and uncountable, plural perils)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "imperil"
    },
    {
      "word": "perilous"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Your life is in peril.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A situation of serious and immediate danger."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "serious",
          "serious"
        ],
        [
          "immediate",
          "immediate"
        ],
        [
          "danger",
          "danger"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the perils of the jungle (animals and insects, weather, etc.)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something that causes, contains, or presents danger."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "contain",
          "contain"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Insurance"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An event which causes a loss, or the risk of a specific such event."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "insurance",
          "insurance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(insurance) An event which causes a loss, or the risk of a specific such event."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "insurance"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹəl/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹɪl"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-peril.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "danger"
    },
    {
      "word": "hazard"
    },
    {
      "word": "jeopardy"
    },
    {
      "word": "risk"
    },
    {
      "word": "threat"
    },
    {
      "word": "wathe"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḵaṭar",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "خَطَر"
    },
    {
      "code": "arz",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḵaṭar",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "خطر"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vtang",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "վտանգ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "opasnost",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "опасност"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "perill"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "危險"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wéixiǎn",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "危险"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "nebezpečí"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fare"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "gevaar"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "vaara"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "vaaratilanne"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "péril"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "risque"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Gefahr"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Risiko"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "bireikei",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "sleiþei",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "kíndunos",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κίνδυνος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "veszély"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "veszedelem"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "periglio"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pericolo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きけん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kiken",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "危険"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "periculum"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Jefoa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "niebezpieczeństwo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "perigo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pericol"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "opásnostʹ",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "опа́сность"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "risk",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "риск"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ugróza",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "угро́за"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cunnart"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gàbhadh"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "peligro"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "riesgo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fara"
    },
    {
      "code": "xto",
      "lang": "Tocharian A",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "sanu"
    },
    {
      "code": "txb",
      "lang": "Tocharian B",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "ñyātse"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "risk"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "a situation of serious danger",
      "word": "riziko"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vtang",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "վտանգ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "risk",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "риск"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "冒險"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "màoxiǎn",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "冒险"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "ohrožení"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "nebezpečí"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "risiko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "vaara"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "risque"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Risiko"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "veszély"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ぼうけん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bōken",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "冒険"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Jefoa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zagrożenie"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "risco"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "perigo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "opásnostʹ",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "опа́сность"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ugróza",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "угро́за"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cunnart"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gàbhadh"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "riesgo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "peligro"
    },
    {
      "code": "xto",
      "lang": "Tocharian A",
      "sense": "something that causes, contains, or presents danger",
      "word": "sanu"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (risk)",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Swedish translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛɹɪl"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "risk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English peril",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peril",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "periculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of periculum",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English peril, from Old French peril, from Latin perīculum. Doublet of periculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perils",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "perilled",
        "pres_ptc2": "perilling"
      },
      "expansion": "peril (third-person singular simple present perils, present participle periling or perilling, simple past and past participle periled or perilled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1830, Robert Hayne, Speech in the United States Senate",
          "text": "And are we, Mr. President, who stood by our country then, who threw open our coffers, who bared our bosoms, who freely perilled all in that conflict, to be reproached with want of attachment to the Union?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to be in danger; to imperil; to risk."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "danger",
          "danger"
        ],
        [
          "imperil",
          "imperil"
        ],
        [
          "risk",
          "risk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to be in danger; to imperil; to risk."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛɹəl/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹɪl"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-peril.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-peril.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "enm:Emotions",
    "enm:Religion"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "English: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: peril"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peril"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peril",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French peril, from Latin perīculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perilles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "peril",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "perilles"
      },
      "expansion": "peril (plural perilles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "perilous"
    },
    {
      "word": "perilously"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:",
        "A location where danger, risk, or peril is present or likely."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:",
        "A thing or enterprise which creates peril; anything which creates or which is of peril."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Danger, risk, peril; something that is potentially harmful or risky:",
        "Sinfulness; religious threat or danger."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Late Middle English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Bad fortune; unluckiness or mischance."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Late Middle English) Bad fortune; unluckiness or mischance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛril/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɛˈriːl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɛrəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈparəl/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "perile"
    },
    {
      "word": "periil"
    },
    {
      "word": "perel"
    },
    {
      "word": "peryle"
    },
    {
      "word": "pereyl"
    },
    {
      "word": "parelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "peryl"
    },
    {
      "word": "perell"
    },
    {
      "word": "perill"
    },
    {
      "word": "parell"
    },
    {
      "word": "pereil"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "peril",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "English: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "peril"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: peril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: peril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "péril"
          },
          "expansion": "French: péril",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: péril"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "péthi"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: péthi",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Jersey"
          },
          "expansion": "(Jersey)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: péthi (Jersey)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perīculum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perīculum",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin perīculum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "peril oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periz",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilz",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "periz",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perilz",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "peril",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "peril oblique singular, m (oblique plural periz or perilz, nominative singular periz or perilz, nominative plural peril)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old French lemmas",
        "Old French masculine nouns",
        "Old French nouns",
        "Old French terms derived from Latin",
        "Old French terms inherited from Latin"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "peril; hazard; danger"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "peril",
          "peril#English"
        ],
        [
          "hazard",
          "hazard"
        ],
        [
          "danger",
          "danger"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "peril"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.