See periculum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perīclitor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perīculor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perīculōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "peligru"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "perill"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "periglio"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "perilh"
},
{
"lang": "Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-leo",
"word": "peligru"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "peligro"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "perilh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "péril"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "péthi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "peril"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peril"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "peril"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "perigo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "perigo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "perigoo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "peligro"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "periglo"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "privel"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "prighel"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "prievel"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "perículu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "perígulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "pirígulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "pirìculu"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "pericoło"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "pericol"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "perigoło"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "pericolo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "pirilh"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "peryl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "perygl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "perigl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "perygl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "perygyl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*perigl"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "perikel"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericul"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "priacal"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peirigill"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Gaelic",
"lang_code": "ghc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peiriacail"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericol"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericolo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericul"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*perei-tlom",
"t": "trial, experience"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *perei-tlom (“trial, experience”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-",
"id": "fare",
"t": "to go through, carry forth, attempt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to go through, carry forth, attempt”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-culum"
},
"expansion": "+ -culum",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *perītlom, from Proto-Italic *perei-tlom (“trial, experience”), from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to go through, carry forth, attempt”). + -culum. Compare perītus for the suffix. Also related to experior.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perīculum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīcula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīcula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "perīcula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "perīclum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perīculum<2>"
},
"expansion": "perīculum n (genitive perīculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perīculum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perīclitābundus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perīclitātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perīculōsē"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 38 2 5 38 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 22 10 12 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay"
],
"id": "en-periculum-la-noun-RNIsbcz7",
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"experiment",
"experiment"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"essay",
"essay"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "86 5 2 0 4 2",
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "experientia"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 2 0 4 2",
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "experīmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 2 0 4 2",
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "tentāmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 2 0 4 2",
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "tentātiō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 38 2 5 38 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 22 10 12 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"risk, hazard, danger, peril"
],
"id": "en-periculum-la-noun-2rMR87~4",
"links": [
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"hazard",
"hazard"
],
[
"danger",
"danger"
],
[
"peril",
"peril"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "risk",
"word": "discrīmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 22 10 12 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction"
],
"id": "en-periculum-la-noun-gowR1G9X",
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "la:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 22 10 12 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trial, action, suit"
],
"id": "en-periculum-la-noun-aHmL6Lsl",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"suit",
"suit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) trial, action, suit"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0 0",
"sense": "suit",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "causa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 38 2 5 38 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 22 10 12 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 6 7 35 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -culum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"writ of judgment or judgement, sentence"
],
"id": "en-periculum-la-noun-OnuDCtCx",
"links": [
[
"writ",
"writ"
],
[
"judgment",
"judgment"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 4 93 1",
"sense": "judgment or judgement",
"word": "iūdicium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 22 10 12 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sickness"
],
"id": "en-periculum-la-noun--WlU8FpC",
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"sickness",
"sickness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attack of",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attack of) sickness"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛˈriː.kʊ.ɫũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈriː.ku.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "periculum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *perh₃-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -culum",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "perīclitor"
},
{
"word": "perīculor"
},
{
"word": "perīculōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "peligru"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "perill"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "periglio"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "perilh"
},
{
"lang": "Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-leo",
"word": "peligru"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "peligro"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "perilh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "péril"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "péthi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "peril"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peril"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "peril"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "perigo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "perigo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "perigoo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "peligro"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "periglo"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "privel"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "prighel"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "prievel"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "perículu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "perígulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "pirígulu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "pirìculu"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "pericoło"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "pericol"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "perigoło"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "pericolo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "pirilh"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "peryl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "perygl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "perigl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "perygl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "perygyl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*perigl"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "perikel"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericul"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "priacal"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peirigill"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Gaelic",
"lang_code": "ghc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peiriacail"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericol"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericolo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pericul"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*perei-tlom",
"t": "trial, experience"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *perei-tlom (“trial, experience”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perh₃-",
"id": "fare",
"t": "to go through, carry forth, attempt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to go through, carry forth, attempt”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-culum"
},
"expansion": "+ -culum",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *perītlom, from Proto-Italic *perei-tlom (“trial, experience”), from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to go through, carry forth, attempt”). + -culum. Compare perītus for the suffix. Also related to experior.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perīculum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīcula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīcula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perīculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "perīcula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "perīclum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perīculum<2>"
},
"expansion": "perīculum n (genitive perīculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perīculum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "perīclitābundus"
},
{
"word": "perīclitātiō"
},
{
"word": "perīculōsē"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay"
],
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"experiment",
"experiment"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"essay",
"essay"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"risk, hazard, danger, peril"
],
"links": [
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"hazard",
"hazard"
],
[
"danger",
"danger"
],
[
"peril",
"peril"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruin, destruction"
],
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"trial, action, suit"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"suit",
"suit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) trial, action, suit"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"writ of judgment or judgement, sentence"
],
"links": [
[
"writ",
"writ"
],
[
"judgment",
"judgment"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sickness"
],
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"sickness",
"sickness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attack of",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attack of) sickness"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛˈriː.kʊ.ɫũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈriː.ku.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "experientia"
},
{
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "experīmentum"
},
{
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "tentāmentum"
},
{
"sense": "experiment, proof",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "tentātiō"
},
{
"sense": "risk",
"word": "discrīmen"
},
{
"sense": "judgment or judgement",
"word": "iūdicium"
},
{
"sense": "suit",
"tags": [
"trial"
],
"word": "causa"
}
],
"word": "periculum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for periculum meaning in Latin (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.