See penultimate on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for penultimate meaning in All languages combined (25.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "second"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antepenultimate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penultimately"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "preantepenultimate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "propenultimate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "propreantepenultimate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "*h₂el-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paenultimus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paenultimus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paene",
"3": "",
"4": "almost"
},
"expansion": "paene (“almost”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ultimus",
"3": "",
"4": "last"
},
"expansion": "ultimus (“last”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin paenultimus, from paene (“almost”) + ultimus (“last”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "penultimate (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penult"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ultimate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "peninitial"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 1 5 7 14 14 15 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 5 7 13 14 14 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pene-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 5 8 13 15 15 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "42 5 27 27",
"english": "last",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "ultimate"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 5 27 27",
"english": "last but two",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "antepenultimate"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 5 27 27",
"english": "last but three",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "preantepenultimate"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 5 27 27",
"english": "last but four",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "propreantepenultimate"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1677, Robert Plot, “Of the Heavens and Air”, in The natural history of Oxford-shire: Being an Essay Toward the Natural History of England, page 15",
"text": "[…] they [the sounds of an echo] next strike the ultimate secondary object, then the penultimate and antepenultimate; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1878, Samuel Butler, chapter 10, in Life and Habit",
"text": "But it should frequently happen that offspring should resemble its penultimate rather than its latest phase, and should thus be more like a grand-parent than a parent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Jack London, chapter 3, in The Valley of the Moon",
"text": "“Your clothes don't weigh more'n seven pounds. And seven from—hum—say one hundred an' twenty-three—one hundred an' sixteen is your stripped weight.”\nBut at the penultimate word, Mary cried out with sharp reproof:\n“Why, Billy Roberts, people don't talk about such things.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc."
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-adj-H80Ba8fp",
"links": [
[
"Next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"second to last",
"second to last"
],
[
"immediately",
"immediately"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
],
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
],
[
"list",
"list"
],
[
"etc.",
"etc."
]
],
"qualifier": "literary or scholarly",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, in US usually formal, literary or scholarly) Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in US usually formal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "next to last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "next-to-last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second to last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second-to-last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second from last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second-from-last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second-last"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"UK",
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "last but one"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 4 8",
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "last penultimate but one"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "parafundit"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxaverǰin",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "նախավերջին"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "verǰəntʿer",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "վերջընթեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeradapóšni",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "перадапо́шні"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predposléden",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "предпосле́ден"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltim"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mei¹ ji²",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "尾二"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "倒數第二的"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàoshǔ dì'èr de",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "倒数第二的"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "předposlední"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "næstsidst"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "voorlaatste"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "eelviimane"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "næstsíðstur"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "toiseksi viimeinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "viimeistä edellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "avant-dernier"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "pénultième"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "vorletzte"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proteleftaíos",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "προτελευταίος"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "utolsó előtti"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "næstsíðastur"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "kedua terakhir"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penultimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "saigo kara ni-banme",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "最後から二番目"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jimatsu",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "次末"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "paenultimus"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pretposleden",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "претпоследен"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "praakhir"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "nest sist"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "yeki-mânde-be-âxar",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "یکی مانده به آخر"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "przedostatni"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penultim"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predposlédnij",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "предпосле́дний"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре̏тпосљедњӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре̏тпоследњӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "прѐдзадњӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prȅtposljednjī"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prȅtposlednjī"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prèdzadnjī"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "predposledný"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "predzadnji"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "anteúltimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "näst sist"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "sondan bir önceki"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "peredostánnij",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "передоста́нній"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 1 7 12",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "gobennol"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a penult."
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-adj-Zbxmi7oU",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"pertaining",
"pertaining"
],
[
"penult",
"penult"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Of or pertaining to a penult."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to or denoting an element of a related collection of curves that is arbitrarily close to a degenerate form."
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-adj--khTHlEU",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"Relating",
"relating"
],
[
"denoting",
"denoting"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"related",
"related"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"arbitrarily",
"arbitrarily"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, rare) Relating to or denoting an element of a related collection of curves that is arbitrarily close to a degenerate form."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907 Gelett Burgess Are You a Bromide? (New York: B. W. Heubsch) cover blurb",
"text": "This Book is the Proud Purple Penultimate!!"
},
{
"ref": "2002 January, Claire Holt, \"California Driving\", Los Angeles →ISSN volume 47 no 1 p. 84",
"text": "This treatment, where two therapists massage the body using warm oils infused with plant extracts, is truly the penultimate experience."
},
{
"ref": "2022 February 10, Ethan Marshall, “Is written media dead?”, in The Glasgow Guardian",
"text": "Ultimately, I reach the most penultimate existential questions: “What is the meaning of this? Is there any?”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pre-eminent, ultimate, best; par excellence, top-quality"
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-adj-VHdaAqDX",
"links": [
[
"pre-eminent",
"pre-eminent"
],
[
"ultimate",
"ultimate"
],
[
"par excellence",
"par excellence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) pre-eminent, ultimate, best; par excellence, top-quality"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɪˈnʌltɪmət/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg/En-us-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg/En-au-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pænultimate"
}
],
"word": "penultimate"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "*h₂el-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paenultimus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paenultimus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paene",
"3": "",
"4": "almost"
},
"expansion": "paene (“almost”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ultimus",
"3": "",
"4": "last"
},
"expansion": "ultimus (“last”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin paenultimus, from paene (“almost”) + ultimus (“last”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penultimates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penultimate (plural penultimates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 1 5 7 14 14 15 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 5 7 13 14 14 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pene-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 5 8 13 15 15 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1529 August 30, Bishop Stephen Gardiner, letter (1933), 33",
"text": "At Woodstock, the penultimate of August."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate day of a month."
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-noun-G0t2rVpp",
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"day",
"day"
],
[
"month",
"month"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(obsolete, rare) The penultimate day of a month."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Literature",
"orig": "en:Literature",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 1 5 7 14 14 15 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 5 7 13 14 14 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pene-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 5 8 13 15 15 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, E. Chambers, Cyclopædia",
"text": "Antepenultimate is that before the Penultimate, or the last but two.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate syllable of a word or metrical line."
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-noun-u2IKpoi4",
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"metrical",
"metrical"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(linguistics, literature, uncommon) The penultimate syllable of a word or metrical line."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 1 5 7 14 14 15 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 5 7 13 14 14 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pene-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 5 8 13 15 15 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate element of a collection of curves."
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-noun-PILcNp6w",
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(mathematics, obsolete, rare) The penultimate element of a collection of curves."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Card games",
"orig": "en:Card games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 1 5 7 14 14 15 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 5 7 13 14 14 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pene-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 5 8 13 15 15 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1876, Arthur Campbell-Walker, The Correct Card, Glossary page xiii",
"text": "Penultimate, the. — Beginning with the lowest card but one of the suit you lead originally, if it contains more than four cards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate (next to lowest) card in a suit."
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-noun-1utochAW",
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"next to",
"next to"
],
[
"lowest",
"lowest"
],
[
"card",
"card"
],
[
"suit",
"suit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(card games, uncommon) The penultimate (next to lowest) card in a suit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 1 5 7 14 14 15 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 5 7 13 14 14 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pene-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 5 8 13 15 15 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, Minutes of the Adjourned Meeting of 22nd Biennial Convention of the United Lutheran Church in America, XXII.iv",
"text": "Our Lutheran concern for the ultimates (the Gospel) has allowed us to neglect some of the penultimates (bodily healing), failing to stress the total implications of that ultimate Gospel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last"
],
"id": "en-penultimate-en-noun-P1W-S5jk",
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɪˈnʌltɪmət/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg/En-us-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg/En-au-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pænultimate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "toiseksi viimeinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "viimeistä edellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avant-dernier"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "vorletzt"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penultimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "nest siste"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predposlédnij",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "предпосле́дний"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "прѐдзадњӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "пре̏тпоследњӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prèdzadnjī"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prȅtposlednjī"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 20 20 20 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "anteúltimo"
}
],
"word": "penultimate"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "second"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms prefixed with pene-",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "last",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "ultimate"
},
{
"english": "last but two",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "antepenultimate"
},
{
"english": "last but three",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "preantepenultimate"
},
{
"english": "last but four",
"sense": "adjectives denoting syllables",
"word": "propreantepenultimate"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antepenultimate"
},
{
"word": "penultimately"
},
{
"word": "preantepenultimate"
},
{
"word": "propenultimate"
},
{
"word": "propreantepenultimate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "*h₂el-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paenultimus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paenultimus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paene",
"3": "",
"4": "almost"
},
"expansion": "paene (“almost”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ultimus",
"3": "",
"4": "last"
},
"expansion": "ultimus (“last”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin paenultimus, from paene (“almost”) + ultimus (“last”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "penultimate (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "penult"
},
{
"word": "ultimate"
},
{
"word": "peninitial"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"British English",
"English formal terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1677, Robert Plot, “Of the Heavens and Air”, in The natural history of Oxford-shire: Being an Essay Toward the Natural History of England, page 15",
"text": "[…] they [the sounds of an echo] next strike the ultimate secondary object, then the penultimate and antepenultimate; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1878, Samuel Butler, chapter 10, in Life and Habit",
"text": "But it should frequently happen that offspring should resemble its penultimate rather than its latest phase, and should thus be more like a grand-parent than a parent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Jack London, chapter 3, in The Valley of the Moon",
"text": "“Your clothes don't weigh more'n seven pounds. And seven from—hum—say one hundred an' twenty-three—one hundred an' sixteen is your stripped weight.”\nBut at the penultimate word, Mary cried out with sharp reproof:\n“Why, Billy Roberts, people don't talk about such things.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"Next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"second to last",
"second to last"
],
[
"immediately",
"immediately"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
],
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
],
[
"list",
"list"
],
[
"etc.",
"etc."
]
],
"qualifier": "literary or scholarly",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, in US usually formal, literary or scholarly) Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in US usually formal"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a penult."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"pertaining",
"pertaining"
],
[
"penult",
"penult"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Of or pertaining to a penult."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to or denoting an element of a related collection of curves that is arbitrarily close to a degenerate form."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"Relating",
"relating"
],
[
"denoting",
"denoting"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"related",
"related"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"arbitrarily",
"arbitrarily"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, rare) Relating to or denoting an element of a related collection of curves that is arbitrarily close to a degenerate form."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English proscribed terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907 Gelett Burgess Are You a Bromide? (New York: B. W. Heubsch) cover blurb",
"text": "This Book is the Proud Purple Penultimate!!"
},
{
"ref": "2002 January, Claire Holt, \"California Driving\", Los Angeles →ISSN volume 47 no 1 p. 84",
"text": "This treatment, where two therapists massage the body using warm oils infused with plant extracts, is truly the penultimate experience."
},
{
"ref": "2022 February 10, Ethan Marshall, “Is written media dead?”, in The Glasgow Guardian",
"text": "Ultimately, I reach the most penultimate existential questions: “What is the meaning of this? Is there any?”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pre-eminent, ultimate, best; par excellence, top-quality"
],
"links": [
[
"pre-eminent",
"pre-eminent"
],
[
"ultimate",
"ultimate"
],
[
"par excellence",
"par excellence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) pre-eminent, ultimate, best; par excellence, top-quality"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɪˈnʌltɪmət/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg/En-us-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg/En-au-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "next to last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "next-to-last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second to last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second-to-last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second from last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second-from-last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "second-last"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"UK",
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "last but one"
},
{
"sense": "immediately preceding the end of a list",
"tags": [
"sequence",
"usually"
],
"word": "last penultimate but one"
},
{
"word": "pænultimate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "parafundit"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxaverǰin",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "նախավերջին"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "verǰəntʿer",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "վերջընթեր"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeradapóšni",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "перадапо́шні"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predposléden",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "предпосле́ден"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltim"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mei¹ ji²",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "尾二"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "倒數第二的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàoshǔ dì'èr de",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "倒数第二的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "předposlední"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "næstsidst"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "voorlaatste"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "eelviimane"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "næstsíðstur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "toiseksi viimeinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "viimeistä edellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "avant-dernier"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "pénultième"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "vorletzte"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proteleftaíos",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "προτελευταίος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "utolsó előtti"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "næstsíðastur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "kedua terakhir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penultimo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "saigo kara ni-banme",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "最後から二番目"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jimatsu",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "次末"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "paenultimus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pretposleden",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "претпоследен"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "praakhir"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "nest sist"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "yeki-mânde-be-âxar",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "یکی مانده به آخر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "przedostatni"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penultim"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predposlédnij",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "предпосле́дний"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре̏тпосљедњӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре̏тпоследњӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "прѐдзадњӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prȅtposljednjī"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prȅtposlednjī"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prèdzadnjī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "predposledný"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "predzadnji"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "anteúltimo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "näst sist"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "sondan bir önceki"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "peredostánnij",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "передоста́нній"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "next-to-last in a sequence",
"word": "gobennol"
}
],
"word": "penultimate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
"English terms prefixed with pene-",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "*h₂el-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paenultimus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paenultimus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paene",
"3": "",
"4": "almost"
},
"expansion": "paene (“almost”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ultimus",
"3": "",
"4": "last"
},
"expansion": "ultimus (“last”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin paenultimus, from paene (“almost”) + ultimus (“last”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penultimates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penultimate (plural penultimates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1529 August 30, Bishop Stephen Gardiner, letter (1933), 33",
"text": "At Woodstock, the penultimate of August."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate day of a month."
],
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"day",
"day"
],
[
"month",
"month"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(obsolete, rare) The penultimate day of a month."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Literature"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, E. Chambers, Cyclopædia",
"text": "Antepenultimate is that before the Penultimate, or the last but two.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate syllable of a word or metrical line."
],
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"metrical",
"metrical"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(linguistics, literature, uncommon) The penultimate syllable of a word or metrical line."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate element of a collection of curves."
],
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(mathematics, obsolete, rare) The penultimate element of a collection of curves."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Card games"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1876, Arthur Campbell-Walker, The Correct Card, Glossary page xiii",
"text": "Penultimate, the. — Beginning with the lowest card but one of the suit you lead originally, if it contains more than four cards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last",
"The penultimate (next to lowest) card in a suit."
],
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"penultimate",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"next to",
"next to"
],
[
"lowest",
"lowest"
],
[
"card",
"card"
],
[
"suit",
"suit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last",
"(card games, uncommon) The penultimate (next to lowest) card in a suit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, Minutes of the Adjourned Meeting of 22nd Biennial Convention of the United Lutheran Church in America, XXII.iv",
"text": "Our Lutheran concern for the ultimates (the Gospel) has allowed us to neglect some of the penultimates (bodily healing), failing to stress the total implications of that ultimate Gospel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penult, a next to last"
],
"links": [
[
"penult",
"penult"
],
[
"next to last",
"next to last"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A penult, a next to last"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penult"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɪˈnʌltɪmət/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg/En-us-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-us-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penultimate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg/En-au-penultimate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-au-penultimate.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pænultimate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "toiseksi viimeinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "viimeistä edellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avant-dernier"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "vorletzt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penultimo"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "nest siste"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predposlédnij",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "предпосле́дний"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "прѐдзадњӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "пре̏тпоследњӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prèdzadnjī"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prȅtposlednjī"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "before the last",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penúltimo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "before the last",
"word": "anteúltimo"
}
],
"word": "penultimate"
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''A penult, a next to last'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"penultimate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "penultimate",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.