"peninitial" meaning in All languages combined

See peninitial on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˌpɛnɪˈnɪʃəl/
Rhymes: -ɪʃəl Etymology: Blend of penultimate + initial, treating pen- (from Latin paene (“almost”)) as a prefix. Etymology templates: {{blend|en|penultimate|initial}} Blend of penultimate + initial, {{m|en||pen-}} pen-, {{der|en|la|paene|t=almost}} Latin paene (“almost”) Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} peninitial (not comparable)
  1. (chiefly linguistics) Falling in the position after initial position; second. Tags: not-comparable Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en-peninitial-en-adj-faYezLDa Categories (other): English blends, English entries with incorrect language header Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Download JSON data for peninitial meaning in All languages combined (2.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "penultimate",
        "3": "initial"
      },
      "expansion": "Blend of penultimate + initial",
      "name": "blend"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "pen-"
      },
      "expansion": "pen-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "paene",
        "t": "almost"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Blend of penultimate + initial, treating pen- (from Latin paene (“almost”)) as a prefix.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "peninitial (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "pen‧ini‧tial"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English blends",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2009, Stéphanie J. Bakker, The Noun Phrase in Ancient Greek: A Functional Analysis of the Order and Articulation of NP Constituents in Herodotus (Amsterdam Studies in Classical Philology), Brill, page 74",
          "text": "In examples (81) and (82), the postpositive possessives do not occupy the peninitial position in the clause, nor the peninitial position of the NP.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Matthew Gordon, “Disentangling stress and pitch-accent: a typology of prominence at different prosodic levels”, in Harry van der Hulst, editor, Word Stress: Theoretical and Typological Issues, Cambridge University Press, page 109",
          "text": "Because the factors conditioning edge repulsion of the pitch peak are relatively weak at the left edge, it is not surprising that peninitial prominence is rare cross-linguistically.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, Moreno Mitrović, “Configurational change in Indo-European coordinate constructions”, in Word Order Change (Oxford Studies in Diachronic and Historical Linguistics), volume 29, Oxford University Press, page 36",
          "text": "I have empirically established that there were two canonical constructions available in IE languages: a head initial and a head peninitial one, the latter with the two mono- and polysydentic subtypes.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Falling in the position after initial position; second."
      ],
      "id": "en-peninitial-en-adj-faYezLDa",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "initial",
          "initial"
        ],
        [
          "second",
          "second"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly linguistics) Falling in the position after initial position; second."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɛnɪˈnɪʃəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peninitial"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "penultimate",
        "3": "initial"
      },
      "expansion": "Blend of penultimate + initial",
      "name": "blend"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "pen-"
      },
      "expansion": "pen-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "paene",
        "t": "almost"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Blend of penultimate + initial, treating pen- (from Latin paene (“almost”)) as a prefix.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "peninitial (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "pen‧ini‧tial"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 4-syllable words",
        "English adjectives",
        "English blends",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncomparable adjectives",
        "Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl",
        "Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl/4 syllables",
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2009, Stéphanie J. Bakker, The Noun Phrase in Ancient Greek: A Functional Analysis of the Order and Articulation of NP Constituents in Herodotus (Amsterdam Studies in Classical Philology), Brill, page 74",
          "text": "In examples (81) and (82), the postpositive possessives do not occupy the peninitial position in the clause, nor the peninitial position of the NP.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Matthew Gordon, “Disentangling stress and pitch-accent: a typology of prominence at different prosodic levels”, in Harry van der Hulst, editor, Word Stress: Theoretical and Typological Issues, Cambridge University Press, page 109",
          "text": "Because the factors conditioning edge repulsion of the pitch peak are relatively weak at the left edge, it is not surprising that peninitial prominence is rare cross-linguistically.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, Moreno Mitrović, “Configurational change in Indo-European coordinate constructions”, in Word Order Change (Oxford Studies in Diachronic and Historical Linguistics), volume 29, Oxford University Press, page 36",
          "text": "I have empirically established that there were two canonical constructions available in IE languages: a head initial and a head peninitial one, the latter with the two mono- and polysydentic subtypes.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Falling in the position after initial position; second."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "initial",
          "initial"
        ],
        [
          "second",
          "second"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly linguistics) Falling in the position after initial position; second."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɛnɪˈnɪʃəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "peninitial"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.